Good day, Sir!

I am Joshua M. Guzman together with my groupmates

*Insert Recoco’s Video Introduction*

*Insert Olvina’s Video Introduction*

And with that, let’s begin the presentation.

First and foremost, thru the geological model studies using dipmeter, seismic, and log data, it proves the
first evidence of the existence of fault plane. The problem then rises as to the degree of communication
across the fault plane, this situation this situation will be referred to as the partially communicating
fault.

- PARTIALLY COMMUNICATING FAULTS –

GUZMAN

The influence of Partially Communicating Faults (short for PCF) is first considered by Stewart
and Westaway. PCF happens in the diagenesis zone thru mechanical processes such as grain crashing
and bed deformation in which the sediments are buried and subjected to increasingly higher
temperatures and pressures. Note that diagenesis is the chemical, physical, and biological changes that
take place after sediments are deposited and during and after lithification. Petroleum Engineers and
geologists need to strengthen the understanding of the importance of PCF to the extent that it helps an
active well to extract more amount of hydrocarbons in the reservoir and to limit the number of the well
in terms of economic wise. To simplify the definition, Partially Communicating Faults has lateral fluid
flow because of the leak in the vicinity of the diagenesis zone. It allows the migration of the hydrocarbon
to the other side of the fault plane with limited porosity, where the active well is located.

In the active well response, there is a pressure drawdown for an active well in the area where
the leaky fault is located and this has the greatest impact on the production rate of a well. The amount
of pressure drawdown calculated by Petroleum Engineers dictates the amount of flow into the wellbore
or production. And with that, its implication shows that the higher the pressure drawdown is, the higher
the production rate.

In the Linear Composite System, it only shows the different value of permeability and height on
the two regions present in the discontinuity. Petroleum Engineers need the various values with regards
to height and permeability to compare data acquired; to know the capacity or potential and its
properties of the reservoir structure to hold hydrocarbons.
 OLVINA

At this juncture, the topic is about the FEM numerical simulation of a Partially Communicating Fault.
The FEM, which stands for Finite Element Method, is a software tailored to the needs of the well test
engineers and the typical problem areas of interest include the traditional fields of structural analysis,
heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport, and electromagnetic potential.

FEM has become an integral part of the design and development of numerous engineering systems. It is
used in the industry of Aerospace, automotive, electrical, and many more. In the oil and gas field, FEM is
a useful set up for the numerical model for the Partially Communicating Fault to confirm the analytical
model and numerical solution.

Next would be the process of the Finite Element Method, the objective is to find the approximate
solution to the boundary value problem. These are the steps in the Divide and Conquer approach:

1. Discretize the continuum

2. Select interpolation functions
3. Find the element properties
4. Assemble the element equations
5. Solve the global equation system
6. And lastly, compute additional results (stress, strain, etc.)

At observation well response.

In a well-to-well interference test, an observation well may be located on the far side of the Partially
Communicating Fault adjacent to the active well. For instance, in a sealing fault, there is no pressure
change in the observational well. Its importance involves the behavior of the observational well that will
eventually exhibit radial flow. The response of observation well has the purpose of monitoring the
reservoir development plan during the productive life of the reservoir.

And for Linear composite System

In the preceding treatment, it has been assumed that h (or h1) and h2 are identical. In many cases, the
thicknesses will be different, and linear composite behavior will be combined with the effect of fault
resistance. Furthermore, in the unequal thickness case, the specific ratio with respect to the interwell
distance is been modified according to the new definition that predicts the observation well response.
However, there was a conflict because of the modified definition. It did not allow the analytic solution to
concur with the Finite Element Method simulations of height 1 is not equal to height 2. 
 RECOCO

At this moment, under Homogenous System.

In the case where the height is equal to the drawdown response at the observation well is the classic
homogenous system based on the exponential integral solution. The Partially Communicating Fault
model reduces to the exponential integral form for any values of interwell distance. One way of
explaining the concept about the Homogenous System, in a situation where the permeability is small
and L prime is large, which is the distance, it takes time to reach the minimum shut-in response.

In a Channel Reservoir, Partially Communicating Faults usually occur together with sealing faults, and
very unusual to see a PCF in isolation. The use of superposition of images of wells to create a PCF in a
channel reservoir is commonly done wherein the active well is the center of the channel width.

Verifying the image well approach requires a set-up of the FEM model of a PCF in a channel. The
generated response of the FEM simulation of PCF in a channel involves the relationship of the change in
pressure and the elapsed time. In interference testing, the importance of the sealing faults to be
included in the interpretation model is strictly observed since the amplitude of the pressure response is
strongly affected by their presence.

The method of images of a PCF situation has limitations that make the intersecting sealing fault
combinations impossible to be done. Thus, an alternative has to be made to the numerical approach and
currently does not sanction auto-match.

Lastly is the Pulse Testing, Examined by Chen and Brigham for the Homogeneous case, a pulse test is a
class of interference test that encompasses a sequence of active well flow periods and shut-ins. The
observation well response, involves the relationship of time in an hour, initial pressure in psi, and oil
flow rate of STB/day. A test design wherein the time delay effect is in drawdown behavior because of
decreasing pressure, although the active well is shut-in. In a pulse interference test, one well is active
and the other is an observation location. The reciprocity principle is a possibility to switch configuration
and reverse the well arrangement so both are analyzed as active wells giving the appropriate
permeability-thickness and as interference wells yielding a common fracture conductivity.