The Evidence of Perfect and Imperfect Pentagrams

The Evidence of Perfect en Imperfect
Pentagrams
Joannes Richter
Abstract
According to a comment to the Sefer Yetzirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
categorized according to 5 categories, which are based on the 5 phonetic sources where the human
voice is generating the phonetic sounds.
The following dictionary lists a number of perfect and imperfect pentagrams. Originally pentagrams
may have been preferred for elementary mechanisms in the historical evolution of societies, such as
the structure of the sky (DIAUS), the divine Names (DIAUS 'PITĀ', TIWAS, Ju-piter (*DJOUS
PITER) and the day ŠIWAZ) and the names (AUGUST, TIBERIUS, CLOVIS or LOUIS) of the
royal and imperial leaders and their free servants: the ERMÏNones, ARMINones, FRANKs,
CEORLs and the CHURLs.
The letters of the PIE-kern *aiw- (*AIW- , resp. *AYU-; symbolizing “always”) may also be
identified as the vowels in the core of the PIE-sky god DYAUS.
Also the transitions of matrimonial partners between families seemed to be symbolized in
pentagrams. Several samples (such as Father and Mother ['PITĀ' and 'MĀTĀ']; [FAÐIR and
MÓÐIR]) are described and explained.
The goal of this dictionary (~100 words) is an experiment, in which new (similar) pentagrams may
be identified and inserted in the list.
Introduction
According to a comment to the Sefer Yetzirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
categorized according to 5 categories, which are based on the phonetic sources where the human
voice is generating the phonetic sounds.
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter
4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the
Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph
( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the
tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial
sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬,
yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the
palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau
(‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of]
sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds]
produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.1”
Probably these categories may be considered as a universal PIE-concept as most PIE-languages are
using the same tongues, palatals, guttural throats, lips and teeth.
The following dictionary lists a number of perfect and imperfect pentagrams (5-letter words).
The Tetragrammaton (/ˌtɛtrəˈɡræmətɒn/) or Tetragram (from Greek τετραγράμματον,
meaning "[consisting of] four letters") is the four-letter Hebrew word ‫( יהוה‬transliterated
as YHWH), the name of the biblical god of Israel.[1]
In analogy to the 4-letter word Tetragram I chose the 5-letter word Pentagram (or
Pentagrammaton) for the words in the following dictionary. One of the historical pentagrammatons
or Pentagrams is Yahshuah, which is not a perfect pentagram for the lack of a lingual letter:
The pentagrammaton (Greek: πενταγράμματον) or Yahshuah (Hebrew: ‫ )יהשוה‬is a
constructed form of the Hebrew name of Jesus originally found in the works of
Athanasius Kirchner, Johann Baptist Grossschedel (1619) and other late Renaissance
esoteric sources. It is to be distinguished from the name Yahshua found in the works of
the Sacred Name Movement in the 1960s, though there has been some conflation or
confusion between the two. The pentagrammaton YAHShUAH has no support in
archeological findings, such as the Dead Sea scrolls or inscriptions, nor in rabbinical
texts as a form of Joshua. Scholarship generally considers the original form of JESUS to
be Yeshua, a Hebrew Bible form of JOShUA.[1]
The following dictionary lists the perfect and imperfect pentagrams in an alphabetical order.
Perfect pentagrams (5-letter words, in the table marked “P”) contain exactly 5 letter categories
(based on the Hebrew alphabet with the linguals: D4, T9, L12, N14, T22, palatals: G3, I10, Ch11, K19, the
gutturals: Æ1, Ε5, H8, Gh16, labials: B2, V6, M13, Ph17, and the dentals: Z7, S15, Ts18, R20, S21).
• Perfect pentagrams may symbolize elementary subjects, in which a linguistic Master pulls
out all the stops to activate all symbolic registers. These symbols may represent the sky or
sky-god DIAUS, the sun TIWAS and the day ŠIWAZ. In Germanic religions we may
identify the Creator deity TUÏSTO and in Latin the highest sky-god Jupiter as *DJOUS
PATĒR. Kings and emperors chose a similar name such as CLOVIS or LOUIS (LEWIS). As
a group people chose the names FRANKs, ERMÏNones, (ARMINones), etc.
1 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
• The imperfect pentagrams contain double categories or less categories. Often the number of
letters deviates from 5. Sometimes the words may have been derived from a perfect
pentagram, but lost some letters by deterioration or inserted some extra phonetic signs.
This list is based on a database in the paper “Verbale echo's in de Europese talen – Over de
naamgeving van de Frankenkoningen”, which extended the basic database with divine names and
royal definitions with the symbolism of matrimonial definitions.
In the etymological databases the words in this list often seem to be missing an undefined or unclear
“etymological source”.
The goal of this dictionary (with 86 words) is an experiment, in which new (similar) pentagrams
may be identified and inserted in the list. Up to today the following list is incomplete. Sorting the
list at the 4th column the number (~47) of perfect pentagrams may be separated from the (~39)
imperfect pentagrams. These lists will be added to the paper in 2 extra tables.
The elementary transition FIEND → VRIJEN → FRIEND → EEgade
Originally pentagrams may have been preferred for elementary mechanisms in the historical
evolution of societies, such as the structure of the sky, the divine Names and the names of the royal
and imperial leaders. Also the words for the transitions of matrimonial partners between families
seem to be symbolized in pentagrams. Several samples are described and explained.
The most elementary bonds between Frankish families may have been the bonds of kinship, which
in Latin is genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) and in Proto-Germanic is *kunją (KUNJA,
“race, generation, descent”)2.
The most important bond between Frankish people seemed to be described in four or five words,
which describe the various stages of the transitions between two families.
A stranger (German: FREMDER; Dutch: VREEMDE) or fiend (FIEND) may be described to pass
at least four stages
1. from a fiend (German: FEIND; Dutch: VIJAND; English FIEND)
2. → via the courting phase (German FREIEN; Dutch: VRIJEN); English: to COURT)
3. → to become a family's friend (German: FREUND; Dutch: VRIEND); English FRIEND)
4. → and to reach the final phase as a matrimonial spouse (German: EHE-Gatte; Dutch: EE-
gade, English: SPOUSE).
In these definitions the number of perfect pentagrams is impressive. The English word FIEND
German: FEIND; Dutch: VIJAND) is related to the Proto-Germanic verb *FIJĒN- ‘to hate’3.
The “IE”-sound in the Dutch word “VRIEND” is antipodal to the IJ in VIJAND. The “IE”-sound in
“VRIEND” probably symbolizes the eternity (eternal = “IEUWig”) in the EE-combination in the
Dutch word “Eega” for “Spouse”.
2 From Middle English kin, kyn, ken, kun, from Old English cynn (“kind, sort, rank, quality, family, generation,
offspring, pedigree, kin, race, people, gender, sex, propriety, etiquette”), from Proto-Germanic *kunją (“race,
generation, descent”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnnh₁yom, from *ǵenh₁- (“to produce”). Cognate with Scots kin
(“relatives, kinfolk”), North Frisian kinn, kenn (“gender, race, family, kinship”), Dutch kunne (“gender, sex”),
Middle Low German kunne (“gender, sex, race, family, lineage”), Danish køn (“gender, sex”), Swedish kön
(“gender, sex”), Icelandic kyn (“gender”), and through Indo-European, with Latin genus (“kind, sort, ancestry,
birth”), Ancient Greek γένος (génos, “kind, race”), Sanskrit जनस (jánas, “kind, race”), Albanian dhen (“(herd of)
small cattle”).
3 vijand (tegenstander) van Proto-Germaans *FIJĒN- ‘haten’
(uit: Sijs, Nicoline van der (samensteller) (2010), op Etymologiebank)
The following sketch describes the transition in 4 stages from as stranger to a kinsman: VIJAND →
VRIJEN → VRIEND → EE-GADE:
A STRANGE(R) Transition phase kin-member Matrimonia phase
in a “FIENDish” from “vrijen” “friend” l partner
position Courting →
“friendship”
IJ-symbol R-symbol IE-symbol EE-symbol Dutch English
0 VREEMD STRANGE(R)
1 IJ VIJAND FIEND
2 IJ R VRIJEN To COURT
(To Court)
3 R IE VRIEND FRIEND
4 EE EE-GADE spouse
Table 1 The elementary transition from “VIJAND” via “VRIJEN” and“VRIEND” to “ EE-gade”
According to the etymological database the verb “to court” is relatively new:
1570s, "endeavor to gain the favor of by amorous attention," also "solicit, seek to win or
attract," from court (n.), based on the sorts of behavior associated with royal courts.
Related: Courted; courting.
Freedom
Apart from the matrimonial transition of the stranger to a friend and matrimonial partner the
symbolism of the words for “free” and “freedom” are also playing a role in the freedom of the
citizens, who had to free themselves from the fetters of the old Lex salica (Salic or Salian law).
The Salian law was the ancient Salian Frankish civil law code compiled around AD 500
by the first Frankish King, Clovis. The written text is in Latin[1] and contains some of
the earliest known instances of Old Dutch.[2] It remained the basis of Frankish law
throughout the early Medieval period, and influenced future European legal systems. 4
The name the first Frankish King, Clovis (Chlodovechus, [Ch]LOUIS respectively CLOVIS), is
based on the pentagram core LOUIS (English: LEWIS), which (in French and in English) belongs to
the perfect pentagrams.
In the Middle Age a ċeorl(e) CEORL of CHURL, Dutch KEREL; German: KERL) ċeorl(e), was
the lowest rank of freemen. The word CHURL belongs to the perfect pentagrams.
In northern linguistic regions the word “free” is translated to FRANK and in southern regions to
LIBER, both of which are composed as perfect pentagrams.
Obviously the composers of the words for basic social elements may have preferred perfect
pentagrams.
# Pentagram P Reference Dutch English Language
C CEORL - In the Middle Age a CEORL of CHURL, KEREL CHURL English
CHURL P Dutch Kerel; German: Kerl) ċeorl(e), the (free (free
lowest rank of freemen . man) man)
F FRANC P Frank - adj., ‘free, independent,’ FRANK FRANK Dutch
FRANK P Middle English (in the sense ‘free’): from Old (vrij) (free)
French franc, from medieval Latin francus ‘free’,
from Francus (see Frank: only Franks had full
freedom in Frankish Gaul). Another Middle
English sense was ‘generous’, which led to the
current sense. (From Oxford Languages)
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, vrij LIBER Latin
LIURE P unchecked (→ freeman) Free,
LIBRO P (Old Occitan: liure; Provençal: libro ) freeman
V VRIJEN P vrijen (verkering hebben; minnekozen; vrijen To court Dutch

(1240)
The original meaning is “to love” (from:
vriend Etymologiebank).
V VRIEND - Vriend - Originally the meaning ‘friend’ is vriend friend Dutch
“he, who ritually is installed as a next of
kin”. (from: Etymologiebank)
Table 2 Four perfect pentagrams, which are related to“free people”
4 From: Lex salica (Salic or Salian law)

The antipodes Father and Mother (FAÐIR and MÓÐIR)
In Old-Norse the words Father (faðir, FAÐIR) and Mother (Móðir, MÓÐIR) are perfect
pentagrams. The phonetic category's patterns for these words are equivalent: the labials F and M,
gutturals A and Ó. Both words share the linguals Ð, palatals I, dentals R. The first letter for the
word “Father” may be varying between “F”, “V”, “P”, whereas the first letter “M” for “Mother” is
very stable.
The labial letter “F“ in Father is a male symbol, which indicates a dissociation. This dissociation is
also indicated by the “W” (double U or “VV”) in the German preposition “Wider” and in Dutch the
“W” in “Weder”. The English word “With” contains a “W” and should symbolize a dissociation,
but lost its value and now symbolizes an association.
In contrast the labial letter “M” in Mother is a female symbol, which indicates an association. This
association is also indicated in the “M” in the German preposition “Mit” and in Dutch the “M” in
“Met”. The associated Old-English word is “Mid” (now replaced by “with”).
The etymology for “with” may be found in with (prep.):
Old English wið "against, opposite, from, toward, by, near," a shortened form related to
wiðer, from Proto-Germanic *withro- "against" (source also of Old Saxon withar
"against," Old Norse viðr "against, with, toward, at," Middle Dutch, Dutch weder,
Dutch weer "again," Gothic wiþra "against, opposite"), from PIE *wi-tero-, literally
"more apart," suffixed form of *wi- "separation" (source also of Sanskrit vi "apart,"
Avestan vi- "asunder," Sanskrit vitaram "further, farther," Old Church Slavonic vutoru
"other, second"). Compare widow (n.).
Sense shifted in Middle English to denote association, combination, and union, partly
by influence of Old Norse vidh, and also perhaps by Latin cum "with" (as in pugnare
cum "fight with"). In this sense, it replaced Old English mid "with," which survives only
as a prefix (as in midwife). Original sense of "against, in opposition" is retained in
compounds such as withhold, withdraw, withstand.5
In Sanskrit the pattern PITAR for Pitar (father) largely follows the Old Norse pattern of Father
(faðir, FAÐIR). In another Sanskrit database the Father's is translated as 'PITṚ' or 'PITĀ'41 and
Mother 'MĀTĀ'18 6, which largely matches the Old Norse pattern of Mother (Móðir, MÓÐIR).
The rules for association (a labial M) and dissociation (the labials F, P, V, W) seem to be shared by
Old Norse and Sanskrit.
Brother (bróðir)
Compared to the Old-Norse structure of FAÐIR and MÓÐIR the structure of brother
(bróðir) (BRÓÐIR7) is disturbed and looses its perfect pentagram pattern by inserting an R.
In a similar pattern the English structure of BROThER (with FAThER and MOThER) is
disturbed and looses its perfect pentagram pattern by inserting an R.
5 Source of the etymology for with: with (prep.) in https://www.etymonline.com

6 An Etymosophy of 'Father' and 'Mother', Contemplationam
7 Old-Norse Dictionary: Top a b c ch co cr d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w y z
A Pentagram of Vowels
Theology as an investigation of divine Names

My kind of theology concentrates on the investigation of divine Names, which may even be
considered as the summits of our vocabulary. I felt like searching for the most important of all
pentagrams.
From my studies I knew the vowels belonged to the Alpine regions of the philosophical valleys, but
I had to find some more evidences.
The symbolic device AEIOU of Frederick III

"A.E.I.O.U." (sometimes A.E.I.O.V.) was a symbolic device coined by Frederick III (1415–1493)
and historically used as a motto by the Habsburgs. One note in his notebook8 (discovered in 1666),
though not in the same hand, explains it in German and Latin as "All the world is subject to Austria"
(Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan or Austriae est imperare orbi universo).[1]
Frederick habitually signed buildings such as Burg Wiener Neustadt or Graz Cathedral as well as
his tableware and other objects with the vowel graphemes.[2]
AEIOU is a vowel pentagram, which had been composed in 1437, before Frederick was to be
installed as an emperor.9 The emperor never explained how his device should be interpreted.
The vowel sequences

The vowel sequence AEIOU had been distributed at various locations in the Hapsburg cities, but
the impact could only be understood in the regions where the Latin alphabet is used.
The Greek alphabet also contained another vowel sequence AEHIOUΩ, in which two pairs of
letters E, H and O, Ω could be split up in two short vowels (E and O), respectively long vowels (H
and Ω).
In the Hebrew alphabet the vowels cannot be seen directly and will have to be identified with the
help of the Mothers of Reading.
Matres lectionis (from Latin "mothers of reading", singular form: mater lectionis, from Hebrew: ‫אם ם‬
‫הה‬‎‫ קִרראייא‬ʾem kəriʾa) are consonants that are used to indicate a vowel, primarily in the writing down of
Semitic languages such as Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac. The letters that do this in Hebrew are aleph
‫א‬, he ‫ה‬, waw ‫ ו‬and yod ‫י‬,
8 Alfons Lhotsky: A.E.I.O.U. Die „Devise“ Kaiser Friedrichs III und sein Notizbuch. In: Mitteilungen des Instituts
für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung. Band 60, 1952, S. 155–193. Notebook of emperor Frederick III
(1437)
9 Alfons Lhotsky: A.E.I.O.U. Die „Devise“ Kaiser Friedrichs III und sein Notizbuch. In: Mitteilungen des Instituts
für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung. Band 60, 1952, S. 155–193. Notebook of emperor Frederick III
(1437)
The Hornbooks10
In 1912 Flinders Petrie analyses the alphabetical structures, in which he suggests a repetitive pattern
of the letters vowel, labial, guttural, and dental, to be extended to (1) vowels, (2) labials, (3)
gutturals, (4) dentals, (5) liquids11, and (6) sibilants12”.
These extensions may have been performed completely or in a number of alphabets partly:
It had long ago been noticed by Lepsius, Donaldson, and Taylor that, embedded in the
Phoenician, Greek, and Italian alphabets there is a repeated sequence of letters,—vowel,
labial, guttural, and dental.
What has however been ignored is that this system is extended a whole series further in
the Greek than in the Phoenician alphabet, forming a fifth row and the beginning of a
sixth. The liquids (L, M, N) and sibilants (Ś, Ṣ, S) were added later and form no part of
such a scheme. If we follow the Greek alphabet we may put the original series in
capitals, and the additions in minuscules, thus :13
Fig. 1: (Uncompleted) Repeated sequence of letters in the

Greek alphabet; From: The formation of the alphabet :
Petrie, W. M. Flinders (William ...), 1912.
The reason that the signs of the last row soon fell into abeyance may well be that they
were so much alike that they seemed confusing ; and as alphabets tend to diminish by
careless approximations of the sounds, so the last row was dropped from most
alphabets, and the last but one, or fifth, row was also dropped out of the Phoenician.
The previous and the following tables have been composed by Flinders Petrie in 1912. His amazing
concept allows us to understand the composition of the Ugaritic signary and the Greek alphabet.
In “The Formation of the Alphabet” (1912) Flinders Petrie compares these alphabetical structures as
Hornbooks, which have been used at elementary schools to teach children the alphabet.
10 Hornbooks and Notes on the Common Architecture of Alphabetical Structures

11 The letters L, M, N.
12 Various S-letters (Ś, Ṣ, S)
13 The formation of the alphabet : Petrie, W. M. Flinders (William ...,) 1912.
The Hornbooks looked like periodic tables in which the chemical behavior of the atoms are
categorized. Initially the descriptions of Flinders Petrie and other investigators were restricted to the
alphabets of Indo-European languages. A remarkable section was the line of vowels which are
grouped in the symbolic device AEIOU coined by Frederick III (1415–1493).
I remember to have associated the line AEIOU with Greek words ἀεί – always and
αιωνιότητα (eternity), Aeon ("life", "vital force") and αἰών (aiṓn, “age, eon”). 14
In Greek ἀεί translates as: always, unceasingly, perpetually; on every occasion 15. The Word's
Origin
is defined as “of uncertain origin”, but we may be sure of the vowel concentration.
Therefore ἀεί is a sacred word as well as æ.
In Old Norse and Icelandic the vowel æ ( ǣ ) represents “ever, at any time”.16
In Flinders Petrie's periodic tables and in some Hornbooks the line of vowels AEIOU had been
given a priority in the tables. Life and Eternity seemed to be given a priority in philosophy.
The vowels then formed a line, and their combinations with the consonants were given
in a tabular form. The usual blessing—“In the name of the Father and of the Sonne and
of the Holy Ghost, Amen”—followed, then the Lord’s Prayer, the whole concluding
with the Roman numerals17.
Fig. 2 Details of a Hornbook (Battledore, public domain)
14 Αιωνιότητα – eternity (translation in Greek-French dictionary)

15 Strong's Greek: 104. ἀεί (aei) -- ever, unceasingly
16 Eternity - a Pre-Thales-Root for Western Philosophy
17 Hornbooks
The Sefer Yetzirah
An interesting Hebrew document Sefer Yetzirah (Book of Formation, or Book of Creation) is one of
the earliest extant book on Jewish mysticism, which accurately describes the categorization of the
Hebrew alphabetical letters. This categorization is based on 5 categories (linguals, labials, gutturals,
palatals and dentals. This categorization however does not explicitly contain reference to the role of
the vowels:
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter
4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the
Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph
( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the
tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial
sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬,
yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the
palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau
(‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of]
sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds]
produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.18”
The Hebrew categorization did not match the categorization system in the periodic tables and the
Hornbooks. Of course the Mothers of Reading allowed to categorize some of the consonants in the
Hebrew alphabet.
In the European languages the semi-vowels caused problems as these elements belonged to the
vowels and consonants and had to be included in the 5 standard categories.
In the Hebrew alphabet most vowels Alef Æ1, Hee Ε5, Chet H8, Ajien Gh16, were categorized as
gutturals19. The 16th letter (Ajien, “Gh”, a glottal stop) often is categorized as an “O”-vowel. In
Flinders Petrie's periodical tables the vowel column contained two vowels I and U, which according
to the Hebrew tradition belonged to other categories. The 10 th letter Yod I10 is a palatal and the 6th
letter Waw V6 is a labial.
18 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
19 Rabbi Saadia Gaon categorized the Hebrew alphabet as follows: lingualen: D4, T9, L12, N14, T22 , palatalen: G3, I10,
Ch11, K19, gutturalen: Æ1, Ε5, H8, Gh16, labialen: B2, V6, M13, Ph17, en de dentalen: Z7, S15, Ts18, R20, S21.
The alphabet as a 2-dimensional table
If in a table the 5 columns for the categories are sorted according to the name TIΕUS and we fill the
table with the Hebrew letters upward according to the alphabetical order, the second line contains
the Great Name IΕV20. The central axis of the table lists the guttural letters Alef Æ1, Hee Ε5, Chet H8,
Ajien Gh16.
T22 S21
N14 K19 Gh16 Ph17 R20
L12 Ch11 H8 M13 Ts18
TIΕUS → T9 I10 Ε5 V6 S15
D4 G3 Æ1 B2 Z7
Table 3 The word TIΕUS in the Hebrew alphabet with 5 categories
The 5 categories are specified by Rabbi Saadia Gaon in Modern Hebrew phonology
(The reading direction of the Hebrew alphabet may require a horizontal mirroring of the table)
This structure may avoid the publicity of the Great Name IΕV.
Another sorting of the columns displays another divine name TIVΕS (for the European deity Tiw):
T22 S21
N14 K19 Ph17 Gh16 R20
L12 Ch11 M13 H8 Ts18
TIVΕS → T9 I10 V6 Ε5 S15

D4 G3 B2 Æ1 Z7
Table 4 The word TIVΕS in the Hebrew alphabet with 5 categories
The 5 categories are specified by Rabbi Saadia Gaon in Modern Hebrew phonology
This categorization of the alphabet and the generation of the pentagrams may be correlated to the
legendary animal, which had initiated the Frankish dynasty. The animal is named Quinotaur (Lat.
QUINOTAURUS)21 and is described as a bull with 5 horns.
The image of the Hebrew alphabet with 5 categories may be interpreted as 5-sectioned 2-
dimensional image TIΕUS, in which the extending left T22 - and right S21 -columns represent 2
horns and the three lower “horns” represent the rest (containing the Great Name I10, Ε5, V6,) of a
bull's face.
The same 5 categories may also be identified in the alphabets of the Old-Persian and Sanskrit
languages. These languages also added other categories such as nasals, semi-vocals, glottals and
sibilants, which also may be found in Flinders-Petrie's tables22:
20 Patterns of the European Languages

21 A Possible Explanation for the Legend of the Quinotaur
22 A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets
Triad 1 Triad 2 Triad 3 Triad 4 Triad 5 Triad 6 Triad 7
Velar Dentals Semi-
Palatals Labials Nasals Sibilants
Vowels Gutturals Alveolar vocals L
C, Ç, J P, F, B N&M S, Z, Ś Glottal
K, X, G T, Θ, D Y, V, R
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
k- x- g- c- ç- j- t- θ- d- p- f- b- n- m- y- v- r- l- s- z- š- h-
K X G C Ç J T Θ D P F B N M Y V R L S Z Š H
X C Ç Θ P F B Y L S Z Š H
K- G- J- T- D- N- M- V- R-
-(A) K G J T D N M V R
-Ī — — Ji Ti Di Ni Mi Vi Ri
-Ū Ku Gu — Tu Du Nu Mu — Ru
Table 5 The categorization in the Old Persian cuneiform alphabet
Fig. 3 Vowels and consonants, Semi-vowels and Sibilants

(sorted according to Gutturals, Palatales, Cerebrals, Dentals, and Labials)
(Source: Page 13 at A Practical Grammar of the Sanskrit Language (1864): Sir Monier Monier-Williams)
Overview of the symbolism in the pentagrams

The most relevant words of the pentagrams, which are generated from the letters in 2-dimensional
table with the Hebrew categorization, represent:
• gods, such as DIAUS, TIWAS, Jupiter (*DJOUS PITER) and the day ŠIWAZ, ..
• kings and emperors, such as CLOVIS or LOUIS,...
• peoples or tribes, such as the FRANKs, ERMÏNones (ARMINones), etc.
As an extra section we may find a number of trigrams (3-letter words, mostly vowel words) with
letters, which may be found in the inner 3 columns (labial, guttural, palatal) with the vowels. These
words are identified as:
• personal pronouns of the 1st person singular, which often are identified as cores (IAU, IEU,
JOU) for the corresponding divine names (DIAUS, DIEU(S), DJOUS),
• the trigrams (“*AEI” and *AIW- , resp. *AYU-) which may be related to elementary
symbols such as “eternity”, “life”, “law”, “matrimony”, “tradition”.
Often these words have been reduced to singular letters such as the Old English word æ (law,
marriage) or the Old English word “A” ("ever, always).
Personal pronouns of the first person singular as a pentagram
A few exceptions suggest that the original PIE-personal pronoun of the first person singular
may have been DIAUS, identical to the corresponding divine name DIAUS. This would
have added a great number entries of pentagrams for these pronouns. Unfortunately I did not
found (yet) a pentagram as a personal pronoun of the first person singular 23. A very close
similarity between the names of the Creator and his Creature is found in the Campidanese24
dialect (Sardinia) in the words dèu (Ego-pronoun) and Deu (God). Also the old-Persian ego-
pronoun “adam25” (English: “I”) correlates the “ego” to the creation legends.
In a few Romance languages (Walloon, Savoyan and Sardinian) the consonant “D” may be found in the
personal pronouns (such as Dji) as well as in the sky-god's name (such as Dju), which intensifies the
correlations between these elements.
In fact the Walloon (walon) language represents the transit are between Dutch and French languages
and also intrigued me for a threefold linguistic structure “Dju, dji, djin” (translated as “God, I,
Man”) 26:
Word (English) Walloon
God Diu, Dju or Diè
I Dji, mi
man (human being) djin
Table 6 Threefold linguistic structure “Dju, dji, djin” in Walloon
4 God (“Dju”) created a Man (“Djin”) and

myself (“I”) according to His image
Also the Savoyan dialects correlate the ego-pronouns to their divine Names.
These correlations concentrate on the linguistic borderlines between two large linguistic territories
such as between Savoyan and Sardinian (at the French / Italian-borderline), and Walloon (at the
French / Dutch-borderline).
23 The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy

24 Hieroglyphs in Indo-European Languages
25 I: meaning, definition, synonyms - WordSense.eu
26 Described in Notes to the Walloon Dictionary in which the Walloon samples have been derived from the Walloon
Swadesh list and other sources such as the Free Walloon Dictionary
The trigrams “AIU” en “AIΩ“ as a core for “eternity”
The Greek word αιών (aiôn) has a wide-ranging meaning as well as a wide. ranging
history: it is most commonly translated as 'eternity' but has as its first. meaning 'life' or
'lifetime'; it has its place in Greek literature and philosoph. but also in the Greek Bible,
where it represents the Hebrew word 'olâm27.
In order to understand the European concept of “eternity” we will have to analyze the PIE-core
*aiw- and the Greek & Latin words for “eternity”. The concept of “eternity” may have changed in
the course of time. The transition changed the interpretation from “long period” until a genuine
endless “eternity”. Apart from some deterioration the words remained the same, but the
interpretation changed.
Αἰών :From earlier αἰϝών (aiwṓn), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vital force, life,
long life, eternity”), whence also ἀεί (aeí, “always”). Cognate with Latin aevum, English
aye. 28
The letters of the PIE-core *AIW- , resp. *AYU-

The letters of the PIE-kern *aiw- (*AIW- , resp. *AYU-) may also be identified as the vowels in the
core of the PIE-sky god DYAUS. The sequence order has changed to locate the initial alphabetical
symbol A at the beginning. The three letters A, Y and U represent the extreme vocal sounds in the
vocal tract. The A represents the sound of a wide opened, unblocked channel in the vocal tract. The
I is the extreme sound at the front-side of the mouth and the U is the deepest sound of the deepest
part of the throat. These sounds A, Y and U are the archaic vowel triad.
Etymology-online describes the core *aiw- as follows29:
*AIW- , also *AYU-, Proto-Indo-European root meaning "vital force, life; long life,
eternity."
It forms all or part of: age; aught (n.1) "something; anything;" aye (adv.) "always, ever;"
Ayurvedic; coetaneous; coeval; each; eon; eternal; eternity; ever; every; ewigkeit;
hygiene; longevity; medieval; nay; never; no; primeval; sempiternal; tarnation; utopia.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit AYU-
"life;" Avestan AIIU "age, life(time);" Greek AIŌN "age, vital force; a period of
existence, a lifetime, a generation; a long space of time," in plural, "eternity;" Latin
AEVUM "space of time, eternity;" Gothic AIWS "age, eternity," Old Norse ÆVI
"lifetime," German EWIG "everlasting," Old English A "ever, always."
Although these letters match the core for the name of the PIE-sky-god I wanted to check how far
the letters fit in the numbering concept.
The “eternity” ΑΙΩΝ

The Greek alphabet also has been used as a numbering system. The role of the central symbol “I”
for the number 10 played a central role. Up to I=10 the letters were counted as unit numbers (1, 2,
3,...9), from 10 up to 100 as tens (10, 20, ..., 90) and from 100 as hundreds (100, 200, 300, 400).
27 'Eternity' Revisited: A Study Of The Greek Word Αἰὠν - Heleen M. Keizer Philosophia Reformata Vol. 65, No. 1
(2000), pp. 53-71 (19 pages)
28 Αἰών
29 *aiw- | Origin and meaning of root *aiw- by Online Etymology ...
In order to shift the letter I in the alphabet to the tenth location the Greeks had to insert an obsolete
letter (digamma Ϝ) into the 6th location of the alphabet:
The present system probably developed around Miletus in Ionia. 19th-century classicists
placed its development in the 3rd century BC, the occasion of its first widespread use.
[3] More thorough modern archaeology has caused the date to be pushed back at least to
the 5th century BC,[4] a little before Athens abandoned its pre-Euclidean alphabet in
favor of Miletus's in 402 BC, and it may predate that by a century or two.[5]
The present system uses the 24 letters adopted by Euclid as well as three Phoenician and
Ionic ones that were not carried over: digamma, koppa, and sampi. The position of those
characters within the numbering system imply that the first two were still in use (or at
least remembered as letters) while the third was not. The exact dating, particularly for
sampi, is problematic since its uncommon value means the first attested representative
near Miletus does not appear until the 2nd century BC[6] and its use is unattested in
Athens until the 2nd century AD.[7] (In general, Athens resisted the use of the new
numerals for the longest of any of the Greek states but had fully adopted them by c. AD
50.[2]) 30
The alpha (αʹ) is the initial number 1. The jota (ιʹ) is the central number 10, from which the
numbering switches to 10-steps and rho is the number 100, from which the system switches to 100-
steps. The omega (ωʹ) is the last regular alphabetical letter and represents 800.
The three letters, the first letter (alfa, αʹ), the central jota (ιʹ) and the last alphabetical letter omega
(ωʹ) form the vowel word aiω. The category of the vowel omega (representing “OO“ or “OU”) is
unknown. It may be guttural or labial.
The Hebrew alphabet attributes of the representative for the O-Mikron vowel as a guttural. The
digamma (F, V, U, W) however is a labial.
As a 6th alphabetical letter the digamma (Ϝʹ) could be located as an F for the number 6 and as a U (at
position 400). The digamma (Ϝʹ) has been inserted as a W in αἰϝών (AIWṒN).
If we remove the digamma W the word AIWṒN is trasnformed into AIṒN, which would modify
the Omega into a labial letter. This interpretation is confirmed in the Latin word: aevum, AEVUM.
Letter Value Letter Value Letter Value
αʹ 1 ιʹ 10 ρʹ 100
βʹ 2 κʹ 20 σʹ 200
γʹ 3 λʹ 30 τʹ 300
δʹ 4 μʹ 40 υʹ 400
εʹ 5 νʹ 50 φʹ 500
Ϝʹ of ςʹ of στʹ 6 ξʹ 60 χʹ 600
ζʹ 7 οʹ 70 ψʹ 700
ηʹ 8 πʹ 80 ωʹ 800
θʹ 9 Ϟʹ 90 Ϡʹ 900
Table 7 Greek numerals
30 Greek numerals
The insertion of the digamma (Ϝ) allowed the Greek word AIOON to position the letter “I” at the
10th location, which attributed the vowels A (1), I (10) and Ω (800) as suitable keys for the
beginning, the center and the end.
Theoretically the word AIOON covers a period of 800 years. The end number sampi (Ϡ) with a
value 900 had to be included to fill the basic decimal range to a maximum of 1000.
The range could be expanded between 1,000 and 999,999 by using diacritic markers at the left-sides
of the numbers. The number 2005 might be expressed as ͵βεʹ (2000 + 5)31.
From Plato (427-347 BCE) and Aristotle (384-322 BCE) the aioon could be extended to “eternity.
Strange as it may seem the 5-letter words (Greek: αἰϝών, AIWṒN, Latin: aevum, AEVUM) may be
interpreted as tiny number sequence, which are encoded as alphabetical letters A, I and ω in the
Greek, respectively A, I and V or U in the Latin alphabets.
This concept however may only be found in the Greek and Latin alphabets, which support the
applied numbering system.
The eternity “AIW” in the runic signaries

The PIE-core “*AIW-” for the “eternity”-concepts32 is described as a archaic triad of the vowels
A, I and U. As a digamma the letter “U”may be replaced by equivalents “F”, “V” or “W”.
The triad A, I and U allows us to compose the words “AIU”, “AIF” or “AIW” including the English
word “AY” (always). We do not need a pentagram: the 3-letter word “AIW” is a trigram. The
etymology for Ay is documented as follows:
AY, AYE. The word “aye,” meaning always (and pronounced as in “day”; connected
with Gr. ἀεί, always, and Lat. aevum, an age), is often spelt “ay,” and the New English
Dictionary prefers this. “Aye,” meaning Yes (and pronounced almost like the word
“eye”), though sometimes identified with “yea,” is probably the same word
etymologically, though differentiated by usage; the form “ay” for this is also common,
but inconvenient; at one time it was spelt simply I (e.g. in Michael Drayton’s Idea, 57;
published in 1593). 33
(archaic, poetic or Northern England) Always; ever; continually; for an indefinite time.
From Middle English ai, from Old Norse ei, from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz (“eternity,
age”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyu- (“vitality”); cognate with Old English ā,
Ancient Greek ἀεί (aeí, “always”), and Latin aevum (“an age”). 34
Dieterich's runic dictionary defines the letters A, I and U as the vowels for the .
Fig. 5: The 15-letters alphabet Hälsinge-runes,

These runes were in use between the 10th and 12th century.
Source: Runen-Sprach-Schatz (1844) of the author Udo Waldemar Dieterich
The letter A is a guttural, the I a palatal and the U is a labial.

31 Greek numerals
32 *aiw- | Origin and meaning of root *aiw- by Online Etymology ...
33 Ay in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
34 Ay
In runic dictionary the runic word for ags. “AY” (“always”) is defined as “AIFIKR“. The Gothic
expression for the word “always is “AIVS”:
Fig. 6 Entry AIFIKR in Dieterich's runic dictionary

Source: Runen-Sprach-Schatz (1844) of the author Udo Waldemar Dieterich
The Germanic derivatives *aiw-i-z (/*aiw-a-z); *aiw-i-; *aiw-ō-; adv. *aiwi-n; *aiw-īn- f. 35 are
varying between AIWIZ, AIWO and AIWIN. The Saterfriese dictionary lists “eternal” as “äivig”
(ÄIVIG)36, which is based on the PIE-root *AIW- and is spelled as AIFIK.
The singing of long vowel words (IAEHOUΩ, IAΩOUHE....)

The number of vowels may vary from alphabet to alphabet. Classical Latin uses 5 vowels and
classical Greek 7.
A remarkable historical remark to divine names in Egyptian religion may be found in the work De
Elocutione of Demetrius37 and this seems to refer to the archaic vowels, which may have been
uttered in their succession A-E-H-I-O-U-Ω38.
“71. In Egypt the priests, when singing hymns in praise of the gods, employ the seven
vowels, which they utter in due succession ; and the sound of these letters is so euphonious
that men listen to it in preference to flute and lyre. To do away with this concurrence,
therefore, is simply to do away entirely with the music and harmony of speech.—But perhaps
this is not the right time to enlarge on these matters.39”
In “De Elocutione” the author Demetrius40 refers to a 7 vowel Name, probably: IAΩOUHE
(Ιαωουηε41). The real sequence however is unknown. In the Miletus' theatre a series of inscriptions
started with Ιεουαηω42. There is a single instance of the heptagram Greek, Ancient (to 1453);:
ιαωουηε,[40] K. Preisendanz, Papyri Graecae Magicae, Leipzig-Berlin, I, 1928 and II, 1931.
35 Indo-European etymology : List with all references – https://starling.rinet.ru › cgi-bin › etymology › data › piet
36 In het äivig [Adj.]: ewig: nit äivig: zeitlich, endlich. →ee-uwig. (Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch - Helmut Buske
Verlag)
37 Demetrius, of Phaleron, b. 350 B.C. Spurious and doubtful works
38 The Mystery of the Seven Vowels
39 Demetrius On style, the Greek text of Demetrius De elocutione
40 Notes to the vowels in De Elocutione of Demetrius (Demetrius On style, the Greek text of Demetrius De
elocutione ...
41 Ιαωουηε – Proceedings in the Pronouns' Etymology – Summary - The Vowels' Symbolism in Archaic Hymns
42 The Mystery of the Seven Vowels in Theory and Practice. Grand Rapids: Phanes Press, 1991
Summary of the analysis of the PIE-core “*AIW-”
The PIE-core “*AIW-” correlates to the vowel-triad “IAU“ in the name of the PIE-sky-god DIAUS
PIT(A)ṚṚ. Additionally the vowel-core “IAU“ correlates with the Great Name “IΕV“ (Hebrew:
“IHV”, “Jeve”)43.
The core “*AIU-” may symbolize the size of the sky DIAUS.
The English word “AY” (“always”) may be an abbreviation of AIU (always).
43 Patterns of the European Languages

The dictionaries of the perfect and imperfect pentagrams (130)
The presented dictionaries of the perfect and imperfect pentagrams are incomplete.
The categorization of the alphabetical letters has not been restricted to the European languages, but
also may be found in the Hebrew, Old-Persian and Sanskrit languages. A Sanskrit sample for the
categorization is the word for the sky-god DIAUS (Dyáuṣ Pitṛ)Ṛ .
A number of pentagrams are found in the royal names (CLOVIS, CARLOMAN, CAROLUS,
LOUIS…) of the Frankish kings as well as in the Latin names (AUGUST) of the Roman emperors.
# Pentagram P Reference Explanation Language

1.
A AEIOU - Motto of emperor Frederik III (1415-1493) AEIOU Duits
2.
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
3.
A AUGUST – Augustus – the first princeps (vgl. "emperor") August English
AUGUSTUS - of Rome (as a Roman emperor) Latin
4.
A AUSTRALIA - Name of Australia Australia English
5.
A AUSTRALIS - (Latin australis, meaning "southern") southern Latin
6.
B BΕRLIJN - Berlin The name Berlin may have been derived Berlin Dutch
from Slavic word 'berl' (English: “moor”) .
7.
B BRAIN P Brain, brein, hersenen; of uncertain origin, Brain English
B BREIN P perhaps fr. PIE root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brein Dutch.
brain"
8.
B BRANGA - Old-Frisian dictionary To bring Old-Frisian
9.
B BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
10.
B BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed Brian Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
11.
B BRIDE P Bride – bruid Engels
B BREID P Old Frisian BREID, Oudfries
B BRUID - Dutch BRUID Nederlands
12.
B BRITAIN - Britain (*PRITANĪ) Britain English
13.
B BRÓÐIR - Bróðir (brother) Brother Old-Norse
14.
B BYZANTIUM - Byzantion (Greek) Constantinople Latin
15.
C CARLOMAN - Carloman - Brother of Charlemagne Carloman Latin
16.
C CAROLUS - Carolus Magnus (747/748–814) Charlemagne Latin
Karel is a Germanic name which is linked to the
Dutch word Kerel (the lowest rank of freemen).
17.
C CAVIAR - The etymology of the word 'caviar' comes from Caviar ('fish roe') English
KAVIAAR - the Greek 'AVYRON' (egg) or from the Persian Dutch
AVYRON - 'havia' which translates as 'fish roe'. (Caviar) Greek
18.
C CHURL P Churl (ceorl or CHURL), the lowest rank of Kerel (freeman) English
freemen).
19.
C CLOþES - Old English: CLAÞ kleed Engels
20.
C CLOVIS - Clovis (Chlodovechus) Clovis French
21.
C CRONUS - Cronus (Father of Zeus) Greek: Κρόνος Cronus Greek
22.
C CROWN P "crown" – from Latin corona crown English
23.
C CVRIALΕS - Curiales Curiales Latijn
24.
D DEIWOS – *DEIWOS Etymology Dyeus PIE
D(E)IUOS -
25.
D DIAUS P Dyáuṣ PitṛṚ Sky-Father Vedic
Sanskrit
26.
D DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
27.
D DIVES P dives rich Latin
28.
D DÓTTIR - dóttir (Daughter) Daughter Old-Norse
29.
D DRUIDΕ - druid druid French
30.
D DYEUS P *Dyeus DIEUS Proto-Indo-
European
31.
F ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) (H)ERMÏN – Herman Latin
(ARMIN)
32.
F FAÐIR P faðir Father Old-Norse
33.
F FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti Latin
34.
F FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” bicycle dutch
‘running’; etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
35.
F FIRMAN - Firman ("decree" or "order") Order Persian
36.
F FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
37.
F FRIEND - friend friend English
38.
F FRIGGA P Frigg - wife of the god Odin. Frigg English
39.
G GAUD - Runen-Sprach-Schatz (Runic dictionary, deity
German)
40.
G GAUTAMA - Gautama Boeddha leader (?) Sanskrit
41.
G GAUTR P Runen-Sprach-Schatz (Runic dictionary, wise man Icelandic
German)
42.
G GELUK - geluk (etymology: uncertain) (Good) Luck Dutch
43.
G GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) Family, pedigree Latin
44.
G GERMAN - German, Arminius, (Slavic form of German English
(ARMIN) Herman).
45.
G GODAN - Godan - the Lombard name for Odin, a god of Godan Lombard
Germanic paganism
46.
G GROET - GRUOZ Greetings Dutch
47.
H HABIJT - kleding (van Latijn “habere” = “hebben”) kleding Nederlands
48.
H HIRÐA - hirða (thrift, thriftiness) thrift Old-Norse
49.
I IANUS P Janus -god of beginnings, gates, transitions, Janus Latijn
J JANUS P time, duality, doorways,[1] passages, frames,
endings.
50.
I INGÆV - Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Ingaevones INGOV – Angel (?) Latin
51.
I IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
*DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
52.
I ISHTAR - Ishtar worshipped by the Akkadians, Ishtar East
Babylonians, and Assyrians Semitic
53.
I ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
54.
I ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones ISTÆV – Latin
55.
I ῚOΎΔΑΣ - Judas ῚOΎΔΑΣ Ὶούδας Greek
56.
J JUDAS P Judas Judas Dutch
57.
J JURSALA - Runen-Sprach-Schatz (Runic dictionary, Jerusalem Old-
German) Swedish
58.
J JUTES P Jutes People of Jutland English
59.
J JΕRUZALΕM - Jerusalem Jerusalem Dutch
60.
K KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise runes
“Guth” (God)
61.
K KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), kruid Duits
KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da Nederlands
CRUYT - Indo-Europese verwanten zeer onzeker.
62.
L LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) Lewis English
63.
L LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘de krachten van het lieve’ love Dutch
[10e eeuw; W.Ps.]
64.
L LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
65.
L LIVER P liver liver English
66.
L LIVES P lives lives English
67.
L LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS Clovis French
68.
L LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) - LOUIS Louis French
69.
L LOUVRE - The origin of the name Louvre is unclear. Castle Louvre (Paris) French
70.
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, free Latin
L LIURE P unchecked (→ freeman) Old
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: liure ; Provençal libro Occitan
L LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Provencal
Portuguese
71.
M MANUS P Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
72.
M MARCUS - Marcus – (from *mart-kos, the Roman god Marcus Latin
Mars).
73.
M MARCΕL - Marcellus (maybe related to Marcus) Marcel French
74.
M MASSALIA - Massilia (Greek) Marseille Latin
75.
M MENNISKO - man (person) Man (person) Old-Dutch
76.
M MENSCh P man (person) Man (person) Dutch
77.
M METIS P Metis (personified by Pallas Athene, page. 2- Wisdom, mind Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) 59) (wisdom). She was the first wife of Zeus.
78.
M MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas Greek
(ΜΊΔΑΣ) one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
79.
M MINOS P Royal Name Minos Linear A
(Crete)
80.
M MINSChE - man (person) man (person) Mid.-Dutch
81.
M MÓÐIR P Móðir - mother mother Icelandic
82.
M MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
83.
N *NEKWT - Night night PIE
84.
N NIEU(W)S - news news Dutch
85.
P PARCA(e) - Parcae; Greek Moirai (ΜOIRAI) Fates (FATES) Latin
86. P PARIS P Paris -from Late Latin name of an earlier settlement, Lutetia Paris Paris
Parīsiōrum "Lutetia of the Parisii", a Gaulish tribe.
87.
P PATRICIUS - Patrick (name) Patrick Latin
88.
P PΕNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA pēnis Latin
89.
P PITAR P Pitar (father) Father Sanskrit
90.
P PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Sankt-Piter-Boerch Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from
Geschiedenis)
91.
P PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
92.
P PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
93.
P PRANGER - Pranger (pillory) pillory German
94.
P PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (Fish-)fork English
95.
P PYOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
96.
P PYRΕNΕ - Pyrene (name) Pyrene (city) Greek
97.
P PΕRICLΕS - Pericles (name) Pericles Greek
98.
R RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere Ruins Dutch
R RUINA P Latin
R RUINÆ P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
99.
S SIMON P simon simon eigennaam
100
.
S SINΕW - sinew sinew English
101
.
T TERUG P terug (backwords) backwards Dutch
102
.
T ThEMIS P ThEMIS – justice Themis (justice) Grieks
(ΘΈΜΙΣ) P Na METIS second spouse of Zeus
103
.
T THUIS P thuis (at home) Thuis (at home) Dutch
104
.
T TIBER P Tiber (name) Tiber as a river Latin
105
.
T TIBERINUS - Tiberinus (name) Tiberinus as a king Latin
106
.
T TIBERIUS - Tiberius (name) Tiberius as an emperor Latin
107
.
T TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
108
.
T TIVAS P *Tīwaz deity Proto-
Germanic
109
.
T TIWAS P Tiwaz Sun (as a deity) Luwian
110
.
T TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr rune
111
.
T TUISCO - *Tīwaz deity Latin
112
.
T TUÏSTO - *Tīwaz deity Dutch
113
.
T TAUROS - Taurros (bull) bull Greek
T TARVOS - Tarvos (bull) Gaulish
114
.
T TYPhṒS P Typhos (Τυφώς), was a monstrous serpentine Typhos Greek
giant and one of the deadliest creatures in Greek
mythology. Typhon
115
.
U URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine Latin
U URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root English
*we-r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" sperm (source: urine) Dutch
116
.
V VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) Clothes (plural) Old-Norse
117
.
V VEChTΕN - Vechten (To fight) To fight Dutch
118
.
V VENUS P Godess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus Latin
prosperity and victory
119
.
V VICAR deputy, second in command ; (from PIE root deputy English
*weik- (2) "to bend, to wind")
12
0.
V VIJAND - vijand (tegenstander) (uit: Etymologiebank) opponent Dutch
van Proto-Germaans *FIJĒN- ‘haten’
121
.
V VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
122
.
V VRIEND - Vriend - Originally the meaning ‘friend’ is “he, friend Dutch
who ritually is installed as a next of kin”. (from:
Etymologiebank)
123
.
V VRIJEN P vrijen (verkering hebben; minnekozen; To court Dutch
(1240)
The original meaning is “to love” (from: vriend
in Etymologiebank).
124
.
W (W)ODIN - reconstructed Proto-Germanic masculine Wodan Dutch
*WŌĐANAZ - theonym
*WŌDUNAZ - *Wōđanaz (or *Wōdunaz)
125
.
W WRANG P Wrang (sourish) sourish Dutch
126
.
W WRONG P wrong wrong English
127
.
Y YEHÛDÂH - Judah Judah Hebrew
128
.
Z ZENUW - Zenuw - senuw ‘zenuw, pees, spier sinew Dutch
129
.
Z ZODÏΑCUS - Zodiac Zodiac Latin
130
.
Table 8 Dictionary with a number (~130) Indo-European pentagrams
The name Louvre

According to the etymology the origin of the name Louvre is unclear.
The Louvre Castle was built by King Philip II of France (1165 – 1223, a son of King Louis VII).
Under the orders of Louis IX of France, the castle was enlarged and new rooms were built without
any real defensive purpose, an example would be the Salle Saint-Louis (Room Saint-Louis in
French) in 1230–1240.
Maybe the name Louvre could be related to LOUIS. The Salle Saint-Louis was built in 1230–1240.
Evidence of the perfect pentagrams in Greek Mythology
At the beginning of Greek mythology Zeus was born as the 6 th child of Kronos. His mother Rhea
gave the baby to her sister ThEMIS (ΘΈΜΙΣ, Greek: “justice”)44, who was told to hide the child in
a cave at the island of Crete, where a goat Amalthea was to take care of him.
After a year Metis (cleverness, wisdom) gave Kronos a medicine, which forced Zeus to vomit the 5
children, who had been born and swallowed by their father before Zeus' birth.
Metis (METIS or in Greek language (ΜΗΗΤΙΣ, wisdom)45, who handed out the medicine to Zeus,
became his second wife, but on her turn was to be swallowed by her husband. The strange drink
caused a heavy headache. In order to get rid of the pain he ordered his smith Hephaistos, who took
his axe to remove Pallas Athena from his head.
# Pentagram P Reference Reference Language

1.
Sanskrit
2.
European
3.
C CRONUS - Cronus (Father of Zeus) Greek: Κρόνος Cronus Greek
4.
D DZEUS - ZEUS ZEUS Greek
5.
M METIS P Metis (personified by Pallas Athene, page. 2-59) Metis Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) (wisdom). She was the first spouse of Zeus. Wisdom, mind
6.
T ThEMIS P ThEMIS – Na METIS the 2nd spouse of Zeus Themis (justice) Greek
(ΘΈΜΙΣ) P
7.
T TYPhṒS P Typhos (Τυφώς), was a monstrous serpentine Typhos Greek
giant and one of the deadliest creatures in Greek
mythology. Typhon attempted to overthrow
Zeus for the supremacy of the cosmos.
8.
M MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas Greek
(ΜΊΔΑΣ) one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
9.
M MINOS P Minos - Royal Name, King of Crete and Minos Linear A
Son of Zeus and Europa (Crete)
Table 9 A number of pentagrams in Greek mythology (and the PIE-roots)
44 Themis (Ancient Greek: Θέμις) is an ancient Greek Titaness. She is described as "[the Lady] of good counsel," and
is the personification of divine order, fairness, law, natural law, and custom.
45 Metis (Ancient Greek: Μῆτις, romanized: Mêtis, lit. 'wisdom', 'skill', or 'craft'), in ancient Greek religion, was a
mythical Titaness belonging to the second generation of Titans.
THEMIS (divine laws)
The name “Themis” ThEMIS is claimed to be untranslatable, although it is a perfect pentagram:
Moses Finley remarked of themis, as the word was used by Homer in the 8th century
BCE, to evoke the social order of the 10th- and 9th-century Greek Dark Ages:
Themis is untranslatable. A gift of the gods and a mark of civilized existence,

sometimes it means right custom, proper procedure, social order, and sometimes
merely the will of the gods (as revealed by an omen, for example) with little of the
idea of right.[2]
Finley adds, "There was themis—custom, tradition, folk-ways, mores, whatever we may
call it, the enormous power of 'it is (or is not) done.' The world of Odysseus had a
highly developed sense of what was fitting and proper."[3]
In Greek language the correlation between Zeus' first Themis (ΘΈΜΙΣ) and second wife Metis
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) a genuine symbolic name-giving act. Both names describe the titans ThEMIS and
METIS as perfect pentagrams. Also the core of Zeus' name (DZEUS, which is derived from
DYEUS) belonged in analogy of DIAUS (Dyáuṣ Pitṛ)Ṛ , to the perfect pentagrams.
DIKE (human laws) in contrast to THEMIS (divine laws)

Dike (DIKE) executed the law of judgments and sentencing and, together with her mother Themis
(ΘΈΜΙΣ), she carried out the final decisions of Moirai (ΜOIRAI). For Hesiod, Justice is at the
center of religious and moral life who, independently of Zeus, is the embodiment of divine will.
This personification of Dike stands in contrast to justice viewed as custom or law and as retribution
or sentence.[6] :
The oldest "recorded" appearance of justice in ancient Greece is found in the Iliad and
Odyssey of Homer. Homer uses the Greek words ("dike ") and ("themis ") with which it
is associated, to designate "custom" or "way of behavior" that accords with what is
ordained by law, with emphasis on human decrees46.
The inferior Dike (DIKE, which is not a perfect pentagram for "custom" or "way of behavior") is
not as good as her mother Themis (ΘΈΜΙΣ), who represents the divine will and deserves a a perfect
pentagram.
METIS (the witness or wisdom)

According to Hesiodes METIS (the witness or wisdom) was responsible for extremely powerful
children.
Her husband Zeus preferred to store his wife inside his belly:
Zeus lay with Metis but immediately feared the consequences. It had been prophesied
that Metis would bear extremely powerful children: the first, Athena and the second, a
son more powerful than Zeus himself, who would eventually overthrow Zeus.[6]
The similarities between Zeus swallowing Metis and Cronus swallowing his children
have been noted by several scholars. This also caused some controversy in regard to
reproduction myths. [9][10]
46 Donna Marie Giancola, "Justice and the Face of the Great Mother (East and West)"
Of course the swallowing of a (pregnant) wife including the unborn child may have been chosen to
prevent the hiding of the children, which had caused the loss of the reign of his father Kronos.
An epithet of Athena is Τριτογένεια, which is interpreted as a birth from the head. Anyway
ΤΡῘṚΤΟΣ is not a perfect pentagram: TRITOOS or TΡῘṚTΟΣ. The birth of Pallas Athena took place at
the banks of the river TRITO.
But he seized her with his hands and put her in his belly, for fear that she might bring
forth something stronger than his thunderbolt: therefore did Zeus, who sits on high and
dwells in the aether, swallow her down suddenly. But she straightway conceived Pallas
Athene: and the father of men and gods gave her birth by way of his head on the banks
of the river TRITO. And she remained hidden beneath the inward parts of Zeus, even
Metis, Athena's mother, worker of righteousness, who was wiser than gods and mortal
men. There the goddess (Athena) received that[3047] whereby she excelled in strength
all the deathless ones who dwell in Olympus, she who made the host-scaring weapon of
Athena. And with it (Zeus) gave her birth, arrayed in arms of war.48
Apart from the birth of Pallas Athena at the river Trito somewhere else the TRITON was to be born
as “an awful god”:
And of Amphitrite and the loud-i-oaring Earth-Shaker was born great, wide-ruling
TRITON, and he owns the depths of the sea, living with his dear mother and the lord his
father in their golden house, an awful god.
Fig. 7: Justice in Hellenic and Roman History
47 sc. the aegis. Line 929s is probably spurious, since it disagrees with 929 q and contains a suspicious reference to
Athens. (Source The Theogony van Hesiodus )
48 The Theogony van Hesiodus
Minos (king of Crete and a son of Zeus and Europa)
Also Minos (Μίνως, with a perfect pentagram ΜΙNΩΣ as name), king of Crete, is a son of Zeus and
Europa. The etymology of the name Minos in Linear A suggests the following interpretation of the
spelling:
• ΜWΙ-NU RO-JA (Minos the king)49
• ΜΙ-NU-TE50 (Minos)
"Minos" (ΜΙNΩΣ) is often interpreted as the Cretan word for "king",[2] or, by a
euhemerist interpretation, the name of a particular king that was subsequently used as a
title.
"We call him Minos (ΜΙNΩΣ), but we do not know his name, probably the word is a
title, like Pharaoh or Caesar, and covers a multitude of kings" (Will Durant, The Life of
Greece [The Story of Civilization Part II), New York: Simon & Schuster), 1939:11).51
49 According to La Marle's reading of Linear A,[3] which has been heavily criticised as arbitrary,[4] we should read
mwi-nu ro-ja (Minos the king) on a Linear A tablet. Source: Etymology (Minos)
50 There is a name in Minoan Linear A mi-nu-te that may be related to Minos. Source: Etymology (Minos)
51 Source: Etymology (Minos)
The names ΜENES, ΜANNUS, ΜANU, ΜEON, ΜAEONΙA, ΜΙZRAΙΜ
I just suggest to consider the number of imperfect pentagrams (ΜΙNΩΣ, ΜENES, ΜANNUS,
ΜANU, ΜEON, ΜAEONΙA, ΜΙZRAΙΜ) as analog patterns for the perfect pentagram Minos
(ΜΙNΩΣ):
Some scholars see a connection between Minos (ΜΙNΩΣ) and the names of other
ancient founder-kings, such as Menes (ΜENES) of Egypt, Mannus (ΜANNUS) of
Germany, and Manu (ΜANU) of India,[6][7] and even with Meon (ΜEON) of Phrygia
and Lydia (after him named Maeonia (ΜAEONΙA)), Mizraim (ΜΙZRAΙΜ) of Egypt in
the Book of Genesis and the Canaanite deity Baal (BAAL).[8] 52
The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek and Runic Mythology

A couple of the keywords Themis and Metis in Greek symbolism turn out to be two perfect
pentagrams which in the justicial system represent two basic key-elements. As names these words
represent the first two mates or wives for Zeus.
In Greek language the correlation between Zeus' first spouse Metis (ΜΗΗΤΙΣ)53 and second spouse
Themis (ΘΈΜΙΣ)54 represents a genuine symbolic name-giving act. Both names describe the titans
ThEMIS and METIS as perfect pentagrams. Also the core of Zeus' name (DZEUS, which is derived
from DYEUS) belonged, in analogy of DIAUS (Dyáuṣ Pitṛ)Ṛ , to the perfect pentagrams.
The couple of pentagrams consists of :
• Metis (METIS, or in Greek language: ΜΗΗTΙΣ, “wisdom”),
• Themis (ThEMIS, or in Greek language: ΘΈΜΙΣ, “justice”)
The etymology for Metis is explained as follows:
Greek goddess personifying prudence, first wife of Zeus, from Greek Mētis, literally
"advice, wisdom, counsel; cunning, skill, craft," from PIE root *me- (2) "to measure." 55
The etymology for Themis is explained as follows:

Greek goddess of law and justice, the name means "custom, right," literally "that which
is laid down or established" (by custom); also "laws, ordinances," but closer in sense to
Latin ius (see jurist) than to lex (see legal); related to “thema” "proposition; that which
is placed" (see theme)56.
Themistocles (Greek: Θεμιστοκλῆς Themistoklẽs; "Glory of the Law";[3] c. 524–

459 BC)[1][2] was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of
non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian
democracy. 57
These words correlate with a couple of runic words named “WIT” and “TIW”, which are identified
as cores
52 On the origin and ramifications of the English language: Preceded by an inquiry into the primitive seats, early
migrations, and final settlements of the principal European nations, Henry Welsford, 1845, pp. 11–12.
53 Metis (Ancient Greek: Μῆτις, romanized: Mêtis, lit. 'wisdom', 'skill', or 'craft'), in ancient Greek religion, was a
mythical Titaness belonging to the second generation of Titans.
54 Themis (Ancient Greek: Θέμις) is an ancient Greek Titaness. She is described as "[the Lady] of good counsel," and
is the personification of divine order, fairness, law, natural law, and custom.
55 Source: Metis
56 Source: themis
57 Source: Themistocles
1. for the Sky-god WOTan (w)ODin, symbolizing the verb “to WIT” and the Dutch word
“WETEN”, related to Zeus' 1st wife Metis (METIS), who is responsible for true WISdom.
2. respectively the Sky-god “TIW” (TIWas), symbolizing the verb “to ThINK“ and the Dutch
word “DENKEN” (“to ThINK; core: “ThING” or “TIWES”), related to Zeus' 2nd wife
Themis (ThEMIS), who is responsible for Germanic JUStice and related to the “ThING”.
The sky-god “TIW” is still honored by the day of the week TUESDAY (TIWESday).
Obviously WOTAN or (w)ODIN, and TIWas were both sky-gods, who in analogy of the Greek
METIS and ThEMIS represented the opposite symbols of (1) true WISdom o-o (2) JUStice.
Germanic Greek
Symbol Word Categories Name Relation
to DYEUS
runes sky-god English Dutch
WISdom WIT WOTan TO WIT WETEN Metis Zeus' 1st wife
ᚠᚢᚦ (w)ODin WITNESS METEN METIS
JUStice TIW TIWas TO ThINK DENKEN Themis Zeus' 2nd wife
ᚦᚢᚠ ThING DING ThEMIS
TUESDAY DINSDAG
TIWESday TIWESdag
Table 10 The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek and Runic Mythology
The oppositions are defined as: WISdom o-o JUStice, WIT (WOTan) o-o TIW (TIWas), to WIT
(WETEN) o-o to ThINK (DENKEN),
In English language the cores WIS in WISdom and JUS in JUStice are based on an opposition “WI
o-o JU“, which also is found in the cores MET o-o ThEM in the Greek words Metis and Themis
and the runic cores WIT o-o TIW.
The same opposition is found in the deities WOTan o-o TIWas. WOTan was the god of WISdom
(WETEN) and in contrast TIWas was responsible for human JUStice of the ThING (justice, Dutch:
DING) related to the tool “to ThINK”.
Obviously the Greek language, English and the runic language use words which put an opposite
symbolism in the topics “human” (in contrast to divine”) JUStice and WISdom.
Maybe the word “TO WIT“ (in Dutch: WETEN) symbolizes the true WISdom of METIS, whereas
the ThING (and “ThINKing”) belonged to TIW and TIWES who were responsible for JUStice
(obviously not based on true WISdom).
The Dutch words METEN (“measure”, maybe related to the exact knowledge of WETEN) may be
the more exact procedure instead of guessing, which is encoded in a proverb METEN is WETEN.
Therefore the opposition in the words for WISdom and JUStice are shared in Germanic and Greek
languages.
• in English “WISdom” contains a core WIT , Dutch WET, German WIS.
• in Greek language “wisdom” contains a core MET, which best matches the Dutch core
WET. Both patterns are matching the sequence labial–guttural–lingual.
• in English “JUStice” contains the cores TIW and ThINK, in Dutch and German DENK.
• in Greek language “JUStice” contains a core ThEMIS, which optimally matches the English
core TIWES in TIWESday. Both patterns are matching the sequence lingual-*-labial–*–
dental (in which the wildcards switch the letter-categories guttural E and palatal I).
Roman justice split up in the definitions of FAS and IUS 58
The Roman philosophy also used different words FAS and IUS (originally maybe: IOUS) to
“know for sure” (WISdom) and for human ThINKing, which could be erroneous. The word
IOUS was integrated in the sky-god's name DIOUS-PITAR. If the word “pitar59” is spelled
with an “I” the original root words for PITAR or alternatively PATIR (both “father”)
represent a perfect pentagram.
Public business, including the official business of the Roman state, had to be transacted on dies
fasti, "allowed days". The word FASTI for the "allowed days" represents a perfect pentagram.
FAS is a central concept in Roman religion. Although translated in some contexts as
"divine law,"[240] fas is more precisely that which is "religiously legitimate,"[241] or
an action that is lawful in the eyes of the gods.[242] In public religion, fas est is
declared before announcing an action required or allowed by Roman religious custom
and by divine law.[243] Fas is thus both distinguished from and linked to ius (IUS,
plural iura IURA), "law, lawfulness, justice," as indicated by Vergil's often-cited phrase
fas et iura sinunt, "fas and iura allow (it)," which Servius explains as "divine and
human laws permit (it), for fas pertains to religion, iura to the human being."[244]
In analogy to the completion of IOU(S)-piter to (D)IOU(S)-piter (Jupiter) the singular for the
contrarian human law ius IOUS may be completed with an initial “D” to DIOUS respectively the
plural IURA to DIURA. The word IOU(S) represents the IU-core in JU-piter.
In Roman calendars, days marked F are dies fasti, when it is fas to attend to the
concerns of everyday life.[245] In non-specialized usage, fas est may mean generally "it
is permissible, it is right."
The etymology of fas is debated. It is more commonly associated with the semantic
field of the verb for, fari, "to speak,"[246] an origin pressed by Varro.[247] In other
sources, both ancient and modern, fas is thought to have its origin in an Indo-European
root meaning "to establish," along with fanum (FANUM) and feriae (FERIAE).[248]
See also Fasti (FASTI)and nefas (NEFAS).
The core SAP of SAPIENS, SAPIO (to know) is related to SAF which is the reversed core (FAS)
of Fasti (FASTI). This SAP-word (including SAPIENS) could have been a negative symbol,
because Eve ate the apple of the sacred Tree of Wisdom.
However there is another word (a verb) COGNITO for “to know”, which is based on (G)NŌSCŌ:
• COGNITUS (cognitus)60 (known , noted) is based on nosco earlier gnōscō, from Proto-Italic
*gnōskō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnnh₃sḱéti.
• The derivatives of cognitus are :
◦ Old French: cointe : COINTE,
◦ Middle English: queynte, cwointe, cuinte, cwuinte : QUEYNTE, CWOINTE, CUINTE,
CWUINTE;
◦ English: quaint : QUAINT and
◦ Scots: quent : QUENT (obsolete).61
58 Source: Glossary_of_ancient_Roman_religion#F
59 In analogy to DYÁUṢ PITṚṚ
60 perfect passive participle of cognōscō (“know, recognize”).
61 Source: nosco
The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek, Roman and Runic Mythology
The divine names TIWas and DIOUS-PITAR suggest to insert an initial letter D in (D)JUStice, which
allows us to link Jupiter and Justice to the “human” ThINK and DING and DENK-category, which
represents a human activity in thinking. Also Zeus himself belongs to this errors-prone category.
Only Zeus' first wife Metis (METIS) is the Greek deity and the Germanic sky-god WOTan,
respectively (w)ODin is the male representative, which represent the “true wisdom”.
The labial W-words are linked to WISdom, WIT, METIS, WOTan, WETEN and for their labial
categories are also linked to the words FAS and FASTI.
The lingual D- word are linked to (D)JUStice, TIW , TIWas, ThINK, ThING, TIWESday, ThEMIS,
and for their pseudo-lingual categories (D)IOUS and (G)NŌSCŌ are also linked to the words IOUS
and NŌSCŌ (COGNITUS).
These relations are (my) assumptions, which of course need some authorization. In the meantime I
think the following may be helpful to check the links between Germanic, Greek and Latin. I would
not be surprised if any other languages may be added....:
Germanic Greek Latin

Symbol Word Categories Name Name/ Completed
Relation word Categories
to DYEUS
runes sky-god English Dutch
WISdom WIT WOTan TO WIT WETEN Metis FAS FASTI
ᚠᚢᚦ (w)ODin WITNESS METIS Zeus'
1st wife
(D)JUStice TIW TIWas TO ThINK DENKEN Themis IUS (sing.) DIOUS
JUStice ᚦᚢᚠ ThING DING ThEMIS Zeus' IURA (pl.) DIURA
TUESDAY DINSDAG 2nd wife IU-piter DIOUS-PITAR
TIWESday TIWESdag
NŌSCŌ
QUAINT
COGNITUS
Table 11 The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek, Roman and Runic Mythology
Peoples and Divine Names with pentagrams as names (19)
The following list of 19 pentagrams may be extracted from the previous list of all pentagrams:

1.
Sanskrit
2.
3.
4.
European
5.
D DZEUS - ZEUS ZEUS Grieks
6.
FRANK P
7.
endings.
8.
9. H HERMINones - Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – HERMINones HERMIN- ones Latin
10. I INGÆVones - Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – INGÆVones INGÆV- ones Latin
11. I ISTÆVones P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – ISTÆVones ISTÆV – ones Latin
12.
MANOE - (the father of men)
13.
M METIS P Metis (personified by Athena, pag. 2-59) Mind, wisdom Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. She was the first spouse of Zeus.
14.
M MINOS P Minos - Royal Name, King of Crete and Minos Linear A
Son of Zeus and Europa (Crete)
15.
16.
T ThEMIS P ThEMIS – After METIS the 2nd wife of Zeus Themis (justice) Greek
(ΘΈΜΙΣ) P
17.
18.
19.
20.
Table 12 Dictionary with a number (19) of pentagrams for Indo-Euro-European peoples and gods
Religious words with reconstructed letter categories
The imperfect pentagrams for divine names may illustrate the statistics for the concentrations of
perfect pentagrams.
The following list of divine names is composed from the “Religionerna i historia och nutid
(together with Åke V. Ström 1957)62” published by Helmer Ringgren and Åke V.Ström:
Topic PIE-core Sanskrit Awest. Greek Latin Germanic Celtic Got.

Icelandic Anglo-Sax
Creation Prototype YMIR
Legend JAMA-
JIMA
Sky-God DYAUS DYAUS (D)ZEUS TUISCO TUISTO TIW
TIWAS
First King MANUS MINOS MAN-
MANOE NUS
Root HERMINonen,
Fathers ISTÆVonen,
INGÆVonen.
sacrifice *JAGOS JADZJNA JAS- HAGIOS

(HEILIG) NA HAGNOS
(HOLY) (HEILIG)
PRIESTER *BHLAGh(S BRAHMAN FLAMEN BRAGI
)-MEN
KONING *REGS RADZJ REX RIX, RI REIKS
Wine *MEDhOE MADhOE METhU MJODhR MEODO
(MEDE) (WIJN) (MEDE) (MEDE)
Table 13 Common, religious words with reconstructed letter categories

Although the common, religious words share common PIE-cores (such as *JAGOS and *REGS) only
the names of the gods and the first king MINOS and the legendary Indian MANUS respectively
Germanic MANNUS may be identified as perfect pentagrams.
Only the names of the sky-god DYAUS (in Sanskrit), the Germanic sky-god TIWAS and the Cretan
king MINOS are carrying perfect pentagrams as names.
Of the names of the three Germanic tribes, which are found in Tacitus's Germania two of the names
HERMINonen, ISTÆVonen, INGÆVonen are identified as perfect pentagrams.
The other common, religious words are at least sharing a similar pattern of categories, such as
BRAHMAN o-o FLAMEN
• the letter F in FLAMEN matches to the letter B in BRAHMAN,

• the letter A in FLAMEN matches to the letters AH in BRAHMAN,
• the letters EN FLAMEN match to the letters AN in BRAHMAN.
In the same way the corelation between the words is found for the “sweet honey wine” MEDE:
MEDE o-o MEDhOE, MADhOE, MJODhR, MEODO
62 Religionerna i historia och nutid (together with Åke V. Ström 1957)

Imperfect pentagrams (~30) in name-giving for gods and peoples
The following list of words do not match the rules for perfect pentagrams:
# Pentagram P Reference Reference Language
1.
A ASURA - Asura Asura
2.
A ĀTMAN - Ātman , attā or attan (“adem”) in Buddhism is Atman
the concept of self
3.
B BRAHMA - Brahma, the Creator in Hinduism Brahma Sanskrit
4.
C ChTON - Earth Earth Greek
5.
D DELPhOI - Delphoi Delphi Greek
6.
D DZEUS - ZEUS ZEUS Greek
7.
E ELYSION - Elysium Ἠλύσιον (Ēlúsion) Elysian Fields Elysian Fields Greek
8.
F FRIGGA - Frigg - wife of the god Odin. Frigg Engels
9.
H HERAKLES – Heracles, Herakles, Greek
H HERCULES - Hercules Hercules Latin
10.
H HESTIA - Hestia
11.
I INDRA - Indra Indra
12.
J JUMALA - Chapter: Asian religions JUMALA Finnish
13.
J JUNO - Juno Juno Latin
14.
J JUPMEL - Chapter: Asian religions JUPMEL Samic
15.
K KOPROS - Kopros (Cyprus) Kopros (Cyprus) Greek
16.
M MASJA - Masja & Masjanak, the first human beings (page Masja
163)
17.
N NUMEN - Numen "divinity", or a "divine presence", Numen Latin
"divine will."
18.
O OMPhALOS - Center (“Navel”) of the world Navel Greek
19.
P PhOIBOS - Phoibos (stralend) Apollo's chief epithet was Phoibos Greek
PhOEBOS Phoebus
20.
P PSYChE - Psyche (Greek goddess of the soul) Psyche Greek
21.
P PYTHOON - Python (dragon) Python Greek
22.
Q QUIRINUS - Quirinus Quirinus Latin
23.
S SHIWA - Shiva, Shiwa of Śiva (the destroyer deity) Sjiwa Sanskrit
24.
T TENGRI - Chapter: Asian religions TENGRI Siberian
25. T ThAMBOS - Θάμβος – amazement, astonishment astonishment Greek
26.
T TINIA - Etruscan sky-god Etruscan
27.
T TRIMURTI - Trimurti – Creator-Protector-Destroyer Sanskrit
28.
V VESTA - Vesta Vesta Latin
29.
V VISHNU - Vishnu – Protector in Hinduism Vishnu Sanskrit
30.
Þ ÞENGA - Þingsa, Þenga ;Etymology uncertain, maybe: THINCSUS (Ding) Germanic
*ÞINgSA-, P idg. *ten- (1), *tend-, *tenə-, *tenh₂-, Verb, to Þingsa
*ÞINgSAZ - extend, stretch, span , Pokorny 1065; Þenga
Table 14 Dictionary with a number (~30) of imperfect pentagrams

Perfect pentagrams (67)
The following table contains 66 perfect pentagrams:
1.
2.
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
3.
B BRAIN P Brain, brein, hersenen; of uncertain origin, Brain English
B BREIN P perhaps fr. PIE root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brein Dutch.
brain"
4.
B BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
5.
B BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed Brian Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
6.
B BRIDE P Bride – Old Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Engels
B BREID P Oudfries
B BRUID - Nederlands
7.
C CHURL P Churl (ceorl or CHURL), the lowest rank of Kerel (freeman) English
freemen).
8.
C CROWN P "crown" – from Latin corona kroon Engels
9.
Sanskrit
10.
11.
12.
European
13.
F ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) (H)ERMÏN – Herman Latin
(ARMIN)
14.
F FAÐIR P faðir Father Old-Norse
15.
F FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti Latin
16.
F FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” bicycle dutch
‘running’; etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
17.
FRANK P
18.
G GAUTR P Runen-Sprach-Schatz (Runic dictionary, wise man Icelandic
German)
19.
G GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) Family, pedigree Latin
20.
endings.
21.
22.
I ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
23.
I ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones ISTÆV – Latin
24.
J JUDAS P Judas Judas Dutch
25.
J JUTES P Jutes People of Jutland English
26.
K KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise runes
“Guth” (God)
1.
27.
28.
L LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) Lewis English
29.
L LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘de krachten van het lieve’ Love Dutch
[10e eeuw; W.Ps.]
30.
L LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
31.
L LIVER P liver liver English
32.
L LIVES P lives lives English
33.
L LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS Clovis French
34.
L LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) - LOUIS Louis French
35.
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, free Latin
L LIURE P unchecked (→ freeman) Old
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: liure ; Provençal libro Occitan
L LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Provencal
Portuguese
36.
(the father of men)
37.
M MENSCh P man (person) Man (person) Dutch
38.
M METIS P Metis (personified by Athena, pag. 2-59) Mind, wisdom Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. She was the first wife of Zeus.
39.
M MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas Grieks
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
40.
M MINOS P Royal Name Minos Linear A
(Crete)
41.
M MÓÐIR P Móðir - mother mother Icelandic
42.
M MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
43. P PARIS P Paris -from Late Latin name of an earlier settlement, Lutetia Paris Paris
Parīsiōrum "Lutetia of the Parisii", a Gaulish tribe.
44.
P PΕNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA pēnis Latin
45.
46.
P PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Sankt-Piter-Boerch Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from
Geschiedenis)
47.
P PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
48.
P PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
49.
P PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (Fish-)fork English
50.
P PYOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
51.
R RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere Ruins Dutch
R RUINA P Latin
R RUINÆ P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
52.
S SIMON P simon simon eigennaam
53.
T TERUG P terug (backwords) backwards Dutch
54.
T ThEMIS P ThEMIS – After METIS the 2nd wife of Zeus Themis (justice) Greek
1.
(ΘΈΜΙΣ) P
55.
T THUIS P thuis (at home) Thuis (at home) Dutch
56.
T TIBER P Tiber (name) Tiber as a river Latin
57.
T TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
58.
T TIVAS P *Tīwaz deity Proto-
Germanic
59.
60.
61.
U URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine Latin
U URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root English
*we-r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" sperm (source: urine) Dutch
62.
V VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) Clothes (plural) Old-Norse
63.
64.
V VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
65.
V VRIJEN P vrijen (verkering hebben; minnekozen; To court Dutch
(1240)
The original meaning is “to love” (from: vriend
in Etymologiebank).
66.
W WRANG P Wrang (sourish) sourish Dutch
67.
W WRONG P wrong wrong English
68.
69.
70.
Dictionary with a number (~67) Indo-European perfect pentagrams
The ( uncertain ?) etymology for the word brain63

Brain (n.)
"soft, grayish mass filling the cranial cavity of a vertebrate," in the broadest sense,
"organ of consciousness and the mind," Old English brægen "brain," from Proto-
Germanic *bragnan (source also of Middle Low German bregen, Old Frisian and Dutch
brein), of uncertain origin, perhaps from PIE root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" (source
also of Greek brekhmos "front part of the skull, top of the head").
But Liberman writes that brain "has no established cognates outside West Germanic"
and is not connected to the Greek word. More probably, he writes, its etymon is PIE
*bhragno "something broken."
63 Source: Brain
Imperfect pentagrams (53)
The following table contains 53 imperfect pentagrams:
1.
A AEIOU - Motto of emperor Frederik III (1415-1493) AEIOU Duits
2.
A AUGUST – Augustus – the first princeps (vgl. "emperor") August English
AUGUSTUS - of Rome (as a Roman emperor) Latin
3.
A AUSTRALIA - Name of Australia Australia English
4.
A AUSTRALIS - (Latin australis, meaning "southern") southern Latin
5.
B BRANGA - Old-Frisian dictionary To bring Old-Frisian
6.
B BRITAIN - Britain (*PRITANĪ) Britain English
7.
B BRÓÐIR - Bróðir (brother) Brother Old-Norse
8.
B BYZANTIUM - Byzantion (Greek) Constantinople Latin
9.
B BΕRLIJN - Berlin The name Berlin may have been derived Berlin Dutch
from Slavic word 'berl' (English: “moor”) .
10.
C CARLOMAN - Carloman - Brother of Charlemagne Carloman Latin
11.
C CAROLUS - Carolus Magnus (747/748–814) Charlemagne Latin
Karel is a Germanic name which is linked to the
Dutch word Kerel (the lowest rank of freemen).
12.
C CLOVIS - Clovis (Chlodovechus) Clovis French
13.
C CVRIALΕS - Curiales Curiales Latin
14.
D DEIWOS – *DEIWOS Etymology Dyeus PIE
D(E)IUOS -
15.
D DÓTTIR - dóttir (Daughter) Daughter Old-Norse
16.
D DRUIDΕ - druid druid French
17.
F FRIEND - friend friend English
18.
G GAUD - Runen-Sprach-Schatz (Runic dictionary, deity
German)
19.
G GAUTAMA - Gautama Boeddha leader (?) Sanskrit
20.
G GERMAN - German, Arminius, (Slavic form of Herman). German English
(ARMIN)
21.
G GODAN - Godan - the Lombard name for Odin, a god of Godan Lombard
Germanic paganism
22.
H HIRÐA - hirða (thrift, thriftiness) thrift Old-Norse
23.
I INGÆV - Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Ingaevones INGOV – Angel (?) Latin
24.
25.
I ῚOΎΔΑΣ - Judas ῚOΎΔΑΣ Ὶούδας Greek
26.
J JURSALA - Runen-Sprach-Schatz (Runic dictionary, Jerusalem Old-
German) Swedish
27.
J JΕRUZALΕM - Jerusalem Jerusalem Dutch
28.
29.
L LOUVRE - The origin of the name Louvre is unclear. Castle Louvre (Paris) French
30.
M MARCUS - Marcus – (from *mart-kos, the Roman god Marcus Latin
Mars).
31.
M MARCΕL - Marcellus (maybe related to Marcus) Marcel French
32.
M MASSALIA - Massilia (Greek) Marseille Latin
33.
M MENNISKO - man (person) Man (person) Old-Dutch
34.
M MINSChE - man (person) man (person) Mid.-Dutch
35.
N *NEKWT - Night night PIE
36.
N NIEU(W)S - news news Dutch
37.
P PATRICIUS - Patrick (name) Patrick Latin
38.
P PRANGER - Pranger (pillory) pillory German
39.
P PYRΕNΕ - Pyrene (name) Pyrene (city) Greek
40.
P PΕRICLΕS - Pericles (name) Pericles Greek
41.
T TIBERINUS - Tiberinus (name) Tiberinus as a king Latin
42.
T TIBERIUS - Tiberius (name) Tiberius as an emperor Latin
43.
T TUISCO - *Tīwaz deity Latin
44.
T TUÏSTO - *Tīwaz deity Dutch
45.
T TAUROS - Taurros (bull) bull Greek
T TARVOS - Tarvos (bull) Gaulish
46.
V VEChTΕN - Vechten (To fight) To fight Dutch
47.
V VIJAND - vijand (tegenstander) (uit: Etymologiebank) opponent Dutch
van Proto-Germaans *FIJĒN- ‘haten’
48.
V VRIEND - Vriend - Originally the meaning ‘friend’ is “he, friend Dutch
who ritually is installed as a next of kin”. (from:
Etymologiebank)
49.
W (W)ODIN - reconstructed Proto-Germanic masculine Wodan Dutch
*WŌĐANAZ - theonym
*WŌDUNAZ - *Wōđanaz (or *Wōdunaz)
50.
Y YEHÛDÂH - Judah Judah Hebrew
51.
Z ZODÏΑCUS - Zodiac Zodiac Latin
52.
53.
54.
Table 15 Dictionary with a number (~53) Indo-European imperfect pentagrams

The generation of Pentagrams
The generation of pentagrams may have been a traditional event if a new dynasty of kings was to be
organized. Of course an existing name may be used, but a superior new era may also innovated new
name.
A few times the Frankish kings succeeded to conquer a new territory which doubled their European
kingdom. This could have required a new name such as LOUIS, which was not even a new name
and seems to be inherited from ChLOVIS.
At the beginning of my study of pentagrams the identification of perfect pentagrams turned out to
be difficult. However in the the course of time the list of the pentagrams helped me to find new
entries.
As soon as I found a perfect pentagram I also could try to permute the existing letters and/or
exchanged letters against other members for each category. This strategy also may have helped to
compose new names for new dynasties.
Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
The elementary transition FIEND → VRIJEN → FRIEND → EEgade.........................................4
Freedom......................................................................................................................................6
The antipodes Father and Mother (FAÐIR and MÓÐIR)................................................................7
Brother (bróðir)...........................................................................................................................7
A Pentagram of Vowels....................................................................................................................8
Theology as an investigation of divine Names...........................................................................8
The symbolic device AEIOU of Frederick III.............................................................................8
The vowel sequences...................................................................................................................8
The Hornbooks ...........................................................................................................................9
The Sefer Yetzirah.....................................................................................................................11
The alphabet as a 2-dimensional table......................................................................................12
Overview of the symbolism in the pentagrams.........................................................................13
Personal pronouns of the first person singular as a pentagram............................................14
The trigrams “AIU” en “AIΩ“ as a core for “eternity”.................................................................15
The letters of the PIE-core *AIW- , resp. *AYU-.....................................................................15
The “eternity” ΑΙΩΝ.................................................................................................................15
The eternity “AIW” in the runic signaries................................................................................17
The singing of long vowel words (IAEHOUΩ, IAΩOUHE....)..............................................18
Summary of the analysis of the PIE-core “*AIW-”..................................................................19
The dictionaries of the perfect and imperfect pentagrams (130)...................................................20
The name Louvre ....................................................................................................................24
Evidence of the perfect pentagrams in Greek Mythology........................................................25
THEMIS (divine laws).........................................................................................................26
DIKE (human laws) in contrast to THEMIS (divine laws)..................................................26
METIS (the witness or wisdom)..........................................................................................26
Minos (king of Crete and a son of Zeus and Europa)..........................................................28
The names ΜENES, ΜANNUS, ΜANU, ΜEON, ΜAEONΙA, ΜΙZRAΙΜ......................29
The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek and Runic Mythology.................................29
Roman justice split up in the definitions of FAS and IUS...................................................31
The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek, Roman and Runic Mythology...................32
Peoples and Divine Names with pentagrams as names (19)................................................33
Religious words with reconstructed letter categories......................................................34
Imperfect pentagrams (~30) in name-giving for gods and peoples.................................35
Perfect pentagrams (67)........................................................................................................36
The ( uncertain ?) etymology for the word brain.............................................................38
Imperfect pentagrams (53)...................................................................................................39
The generation of Pentagrams.......................................................................................................41
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd......................................................43
Appendix – Papers of J. Richter at Academia.edu and Scribd
The (approximately) 200 following papers are sorted according to the initial upload date64 :
1. The Evidence of Perfect and Imperfect Pentagrams
2. De woordenlijsten der perfecte en imperfecte pentagrammen
3. Verbale echo's in de Europese talen – Over de naamgeving van de Frankenkoningen
4. Patterns of the European Languages
5. Another View on the Design of the Frankish Language
6. The Generation of Perfect Pentagrams (Like LIBER, FRANK and DYAUS)
7. The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia
8. Over de naamgeving voor de goden en vorsten van het Frankenrijk
9. Hoe de adelgeslachten met de namen Franken, Willem en Lodewijk de onsterfelijkheid
konden pachten
10. The Nomenclature of the Sky-Gods - How the Royals achieved Immortality - (Scribd)
11. Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets (Scribd)
12. Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
13. Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
14. The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
15. De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
16. A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the Personal
Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
17. Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish alphabets (Scribd)
18. Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
19. Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
20. A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
21. Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
22. Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
23. Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
24. Het hart van de Nederlandse taal
25. Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
26. A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
27. Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
28. The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
29. De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
30. A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
31. A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
32. A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet (Scribd)
33. A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Scribd)
34. The Impact of Ternary Coding Systems (Scribd)
35. A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
36. The Composition of the European Alphabets (Scribd)
37. The Letter Repositioning in the Greek and Latin Alphabets
38. Unstably Classified Letters in Alphabets (Scribd)
39. Notes on the Common Architecture of Alphabetical Structures (Academia.edu)
40. A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets
41. A Periodic Classification for the Gothic Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
42. A Periodic Classification for the Futhark-Alphabets (obsolete, Scribd)
43. A Periodic Classification for the Latin Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
44. The Model of a Language as a Communication Link (Scribd)
45. The Roots of the Indo-European Alphabets (12.5.2020)
64 https://independent.academia.edu/JoannesRichter, respectively https://independent.academia.edu/richterJoannes

46. Samenvatting van "The Alphabet as an Elementary Document"
47. The Alphabet as an Elementary Document
48. The Origin of the Name Dyaus
49. De oorsprong van de naam Diaus
50. The History of Designing an Alphabet (Scribd)
51. Een architectuur voor de PIE-talen (Scribd)
52. An Architecture for the PIE-Languages
53. A Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence (Scribd)
54. The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages
55. The Ternary Codes in Language and Creation (Scribd)
56. The Role of Saussure's Letter "E"
57. The Optimal Number of Vowels in Languages (Scribd)
58. A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation
59. A Golden Box to Control the Lightnings
60. The Ancient Lightning Rods around the Mediterranean Sea
61. Die ältesten Blitz(ab)leiter am Mittelmeer (Scribd)
62. Pyramids in the Role as Power Plants
63. Piramides als energiecentrales (Scribd)
64. The Role of the Pyramids in Melting Glass and Meta... (Scribd)
65. The Egyptian Drilling Technology (Scribd)
66. The Architecture of the Younger Futhark Alphabet
67. The Sources for the IΩ- Pronouns
68. Notes to Herodotus' Histories of IΩ, Europa and Medea
69. The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Successful Civilisation
70. De rol van de irrigatie en drainage in een succesv... (Scribd)
71. Notes to Frazer's "Pausanias's Description of Greece"
72. The Initials of European Philosophy
73. Atlantis vormde 3400 jaar geleden een Helleens Delta-project
74. The War against Atlantis
75. The "Ego"-Root inside the Name "Thebes"
76. The Role of the AEtts in the Futharc Alpabet
77. The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy
78. Traces of an old religion (The Root "Wit" in Wittekind)
79. Woden (Wuþ) as the Designer and Author of the Futhark Alphabet
80. Is the Core "Wut" in "Wutach" symbolizing "Wutan" ("Woden")
81. The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
82. Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
83. Simon Stevin's definitie van wetenschappelijk onderz
84. De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
85. The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
86. The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
87. King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
88. Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperik I
89. The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
90. A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
91. Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
92. Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
93. De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
94. The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
95. Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
96. A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
97. The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
98. De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
99. The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
100. The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
101. Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
102. De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
103. De fundamenten van de samenleving
104. De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
105. De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
106. The Antipodes Mith and With
107. The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
108. De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
109. The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
110. Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
111. De restanten van de dualis in het Nederlands, Engels en Duits
112. Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
113. The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
114. Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Nederlandse alfabet
115. The Backbones of the Alphabets
116. The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
117. The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
118. De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
119. The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
120. Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
121. The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
122. De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)
123. King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
124. De 4 letters van koning Chilperik I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
125. The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
126. The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
127. In het Nederlands, Duits en Engels is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
128. In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
129. The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
130. A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
131. The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
132. Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
133. Über die Evolution der Sprachen
134. Over het ontwerpen van talen
135. The Art of Designing Languages
136. Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
137. Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
138. Over het filosofische Nous-concept
139. Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
140. The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
141. A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
142. Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
143. The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
144. The Unification of Medieval Europe
145. The Divergence of Germanic Religions
146. De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
147. The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
148. Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
149. Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
150. Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
151. The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
152. Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
153. Notes to the book TIW
154. Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
155. Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
156. Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
157. The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
158. Etymology, Religions and Myths
159. The Symbolism of the Yampoos and Wampoos in Poe's “Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
from Nantucket”
160. Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
161. Ϝut - Het Nederlandse sleutelwoord
162. Concepts for the Dual Forms
163. The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
164. Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
165. Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
166. The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
167. A Linguistic Control of Egotism
168. The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
169. An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
170. The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
171. Die keltische Haarhauben
172. De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
173. The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
174. Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
175. De god met de twee gezichten
176. The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
177. Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
178. De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
179. Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
180. The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
181. Een reconstructie van de Nederlandse scheppingslegende
182. The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
183. The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
184. The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
185. Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
186. Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
187. Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer "
188. De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
189. The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
190. Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
191. Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
192. Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
193. Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
194. Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
195. The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
196. The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
197. The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
198. The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
199. De kern van de Futhark-talen
200. Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
201. De symboolkern IE van het Nederlands
202. Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
203. Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)
204. Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
205. A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
206. A Paradise Made of Words
207. The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
208. The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
209. The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
210. The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
211. The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)
212. The Hermetic Codex II - Bipolar Monotheism (Scribd)

The Evidence of Perfect and Imperfect Pentagrams

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The Evidence of Perfect en Imperfect

V VRIJEN P vrijen (verkering hebben; minnekozen; vrijen To court Dutch

4 From: Lex salica (Salic or Salian law)

5 Source of the etymology for with: with (prep.) in https://www.etymonline.com

Theology as an investigation of divine Names

The symbolic device AEIOU of Frederick III

The vowel sequences

Fig. 1: (Uncompleted) Repeated sequence of letters in the

10 Hornbooks and Notes on the Common Architecture of Alphabetical Structures

Fig. 2 Details of a Hornbook (Battledore, public domain)

14 Αιωνιότητα – eternity (translation in Greek-French dictionary)

TIVΕS → T9 I10 V6 Ε5 S15

20 Patterns of the European Languages

Fig. 3 Vowels and consonants, Semi-vowels and Sibilants

Overview of the symbolism in the pentagrams

4 God (“Dju”) created a Man (“Djin”) and

23 The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy

The letters of the PIE-core *AIW- , resp. *AYU-

The “eternity” ΑΙΩΝ

The eternity “AIW” in the runic signaries

Fig. 5: The 15-letters alphabet Hälsinge-runes,

The letter A is a guttural, the I a palatal and the U is a labial.

Fig. 6 Entry AIFIKR in Dieterich's runic dictionary

The singing of long vowel words (IAEHOUΩ, IAΩOUHE....)

43 Patterns of the European Languages

# Pentagram P Reference Explanation Language

Table 8 Dictionary with a number (~130) Indo-European pentagrams

The name Louvre

# Pentagram P Reference Reference Language

Table 9 A number of pentagrams in Greek mythology (and the PIE-roots)

Themis is untranslatable. A gift of the gods and a mark of civilized existence,

DIKE (human laws) in contrast to THEMIS (divine laws)

METIS (the witness or wisdom)

Fig. 7: Justice in Hellenic and Roman History

The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek and Runic Mythology

The etymology for Themis is explained as follows:

Themistocles (Greek: Θεμιστοκλῆς Themistoklẽs; "Glory of the Law";[3] c. 524–

Table 10 The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek and Runic Mythology

Germanic Greek Latin

# Pentagram P Reference Explanation Language

Topic PIE-core Sanskrit Awest. Greek Latin Germanic Celtic Got.

sacrifice *JAGOS JADZJNA JAS- HAGIOS

Table 13 Common, religious words with reconstructed letter categories

• the letter F in FLAMEN matches to the letter B in BRAHMAN,

62 Religionerna i historia och nutid (together with Åke V. Ström 1957)

Table 14 Dictionary with a number (~30) of imperfect pentagrams

Dictionary with a number (~67) Indo-European perfect pentagrams

The ( uncertain ?) etymology for the word brain63

Table 15 Dictionary with a number (~53) Indo-European imperfect pentagrams

64 https://independent.academia.edu/JoannesRichter, respectively https://independent.academia.edu/richterJoannes

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The letters of the PIE-core AIW- , resp. AYU-