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Chapter 2 : Troubleshooting
Group 3 : Tests and adjustments
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Ɠ Transmission oil must be at operating temperature for these checks.
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Item Description Service action
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Item Description Service action
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Item Description Service action
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2. TROUBLESHOOTING
1) TRANSMISSION
Ɠ Diagnose malfunction charts are arranged from most probable and simplest to verify, to least
likely, more difficult to verify. Remember the following steps when troubleshooting a problem :
Step 1. Operational check out procedure(See group 3 in section 1.)
Step 2. Operational checks(In this group.)
Step 3. Troubleshooting
Step 4. Tests and/or adjustments(See group 3.)
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Problem Cause Remedy
Broken ring or pinion gear. If drive shaft rotate with transmission in gear but
machine does not move, a differential failure is
indicated. Repair.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Transmission pressure Low oil level. Check transmission oil level and refill if
is low(All gears) necessary.
Failed transmission pressure Verify transmission system pressure. Do
switch. transmission system pressure test.
Plugged suction strainer. Transmission pump may be noisy if transmission
suction screen is clogged. Drain transmission.
Remove and clean suction screen.
Also, check condition of transmission filter.
Stuck transmission pressure Remove transmission pressure regulating valve.
regulating valve or broken Inspect for damage(See transmission control
spring. valve).
Failed control valve gasket. Inspect transmission control valve for external
leakage. Remove control valve.
Inspect or replace gasket.
Stuck modulation valve. Remove end cover to inspect modulation spool
and check torque on cap screws retaining control
valve to transmission.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Transmission shifts too Wrong transmission controller. Check if transmission controller has been
fast changed
System pressure too high. Do transmission system pressure test.
Stuck modulation valve. Remove and inspect modulation valve.
Replace if necessary. Also remove end cover to
inspect modulation spool and control valve
housing.
Replace if necessary.
Malfunctioning two stage piston. Remove and inspect two stage piston.
Stuck or missing check valves. Inspect transmission control valve.
Missing O-ring from end of Remove orifice and inspect port for O-ring.
modulation orifice.
Broken piston return spring. Disassemble and inspect clutch.
Transmission hydraulic High oil level. Transmission overfilled or hydraulic pump seal
system overheats leaking.
Low oil level. Add oil.
Wrong oil grade. Change oil.
Park brake dragging. Check for heat in park brake area.
Pinched, restricted or leaking Check cooler lines.
lube lines.
Machine operated in too high Operate machine in correct gear range.
gear range.
Malfunction in temperature Install temperature sensor the verify temperature.
gauge or sender. Do tachometer/temperature reader installation
procedure.
Restricted air flow through oil Do radiator air flow test.
cooler or radiator.
Failed oil cooler bypass Disassemble and inspect.
valve(In thermal bypass valve).
Failed thermal bypass valve. Remove thermal bypass valve and check to see if
machine still overheats. Do transmission oil
cooler thermal bypass valve test.
Internally restricted oil cooler. Do oil cooler restriction test.
Leakage in transmission Do transmission system pressure, element
hydraulic system. leakage, and shift modulation test.
Malfunction in converter relief Do converter out pressure test.
valve.
Low transmission pump output. Do transmission pump flow test.
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Problem Cause Remedy
Excessive transmission Too low engine low idle. Check engine low idle speed.
noise(Under load or no
Worn parts or damaged in Remove transmission suction screen. Inspect
load)
transmission. for metal particles.
Repair as necessary.
Warped drive line between Inspect drive line.
engine and torque converter.
Low or no lube. Do converter-out and lube pressure test. Do
transmission pump flow test.
Oil ejected from dipstick Plugged breather. Inspect breather on top of transmission.
Replace.
Machine lacks power Engine high idle speed set too Check high idle adjustment.
and acceleration low.
Incorrect transmission oil. Change oil.
Aerated oil. Add oil.
Low transmission pressure. Do transmission system pressure test.
Warped transmission clutch. Do transmission clutch drag checks.
Torn transmission control valve Inspect gasket.
gasket.
Brake drag. Do brake drag check.
Failed torque converter. Do torque converter stall speed test.
Low engine power. Do engine power test.
Torque converter stall Aerated oil. Put clear hose on thermal bypass outlet port.
RPM too high Run machine to check for bubbles in oil.
Stuck open converter relief Do converter-out pressure test.
valve.
Leakage in torque converter Do converter-out pressure test.
seal.
Torque converter not Replace torque converter.
transferring power(Bent fins,
broken starter).
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Problem Cause Remedy
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2) DIFFERENTIAL / AXLE
Differential low on oil External leakage. Inspect axle and differential for leaks.
Excessive differential Low oil level in differential. Check oil. Remove drain plug and inspect for
and/or axle noise metal particles in differential case.
Disassemble and determine cause.
Incorrect type of oil. Change oil
Dragging brakes. Do brake check.
Failed pinion bearing. Remove and inspect pinion.
Check to ensure pinion housing was indexed.
Incorrect gear mesh pattern Remove pinion gear housing and inspect ring and
between ring and pinion gear. pinion gear.
Failed differential pinion gears Remove differential housing drain plug and
and/or cross shafts. inspect for metal particles. Disassemble and
inspect.
Failed axle bearing. Do axle bearing adjustment check.
Mechanical failure in axle Remove differential. Inspect, repair.
planetary.
Oil seeping from outer Excessive end play in axle. Do axle bearing adjustment check.
axle seal
Worn outer bearing and/or cup. Disassemble and inspect outer axle bearing, cup,
spacer, and seal. Replace, if necessary.
Overfilled differential. Check differential oil return system for excessive
internal restriction.
3) DRIVE LINE
Excessive drive line Yokes not in line on drive Inspect. Align drive shaft yokes.
vibration or noise shafts.
Worn front drive line support Inspect, repair.
bearing.
Bent drive shaft. Inspect all drive shafts. Replace.
Loose yoke retaining nuts(Drive Inspect. Replace.
shafts wobble at high speed).
Rear axle oscillating support. Inspect, repair.
Lack of lubrication. Lubricate with proper grade of grease.
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