FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT USING ARDUINO

A MINIOR PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Electronics and Communication Engineering

By

M.S L S V SRAVYA SREE - 161FA05322

K.VIDHYA – 161FA05242
Y.KARTHIK-161FA05373
In
ELECTRONIC AND INSTRUMENTATION

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

SEKHAR M
Asst. Professor

(ACCREDITED BY NAAC WITH ‘A’ GRADE)

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
VFSTR , VADLAMUDI
GUNTUR-522213, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA

November 2019
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the minor project report entitled “FIRE FIGHTING
ROOT USING ARDUINO” that is being submitted by M.S L S V SRAVYA
SREE,K.VIDHYA and Y.KARTHIK bearing Regd.No’s: 161FA05322,161FA05242 and
171FA05373 in partial fulfilment for the award of Ⅳ year I semester B.Tech degree in
Electronics and Communication Engineering to Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology
and Research , is a record of work carried out by him/her under the guidance of SEKHAR
M of ECE Department.

Signature of the faculty guide Signature of the Head of the Department

Mr. Sekhar Dr.T.Pitchaiah M.E, Ph.D, MIEEE
Asst.Professor Assoc.Professor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract 1
Chapter 1: Introduction 2
Chapter 2: Circuit diagram 3

Chapter 3: Components 4

Chapter 4: Description 5,6

4.1. Bread Board
4.2. Arduino UNO
4.3. Flame sensor
4.4. Connecting wires
4.5. Servo motor
4.6. Motor driver module(L293D)
Chapter 5: Hardware Implementation 7

Chapter 6: Circuit Explanation 8

Chapter 7: Observation and working 9

Chapter 8: Advantages and Disadvantages 10

Chapter 9: References 11
 ABSTRACT
Fire accidents causes heavy loss of both human life’s and property. If there is a huge fire
accident, man alone can’t put the fire off. So the main objective of this project is to put off
the flame immediately by recognizing through a robot. This robot searches for fire and
douses it before the fire could spread out of range and control. The principles used in this
project are such that enable our robot to be extended to a more robust system to be used to
combat actual fires in residential or commercial settings. we are using a flame sensor to
detect the flame and we are using water to put the fire off. water can be sprinkled by placing a
water can above the servomotor.

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 1.INTRODUCTION

According to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), it is estimated that more than 1.2 lakh
deaths have been caused because of fire accidents in India from 2010-2014. Even though
there are a lot of precautions taken for Fire accidents, these natural/man-made disasters do
occur now and then. In the event of a fire breakout, to rescue people and to put out the fire we
are forced to use human resources which are not safe. With the advancement of technology
especially in Robotics  it is very much possible to replace humans with robots for fighting the
fire. This would improve the efficiency of firefighters and would also prevent them from
risking human lives. Today we are going to build a Fire Fighting Robot using Arduino,
which will automatically sense the fire and start the water pump.
In this project, we will learn how to build a simple robot using Arduino that could move
towards the fire and pump out water around it to put down the fire. It is a very simple robot
that would teach us the underlying concept of robotics; you would be able to build more
sophisticated robots once you understand the following basics.

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2.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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 3.COMPONENTS

• Arduino UNO
• Fire sensor or flame sensor
• Servo motor(SG90)
• L293D motor driver module
• Small breadboard
• Root chassis with motors and wheel
• A small can
• Connecting wires

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 4.DISCRIPTION
4.1) Bread board: A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics.

This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with
circuit design.
4.2) Arduino: Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects.
Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board and a piece of software
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to physical board.

Fig 2: Arduino
4.3) Flame sensor: This Flame Sensor can be used to detect fire source or other light
sources of the wave length in the range of 760nm - 1100 nm. It is based on the YG1006
sensor which is a high speed and high sensitive NPN silicon phototransistor. Due to its
black epoxy, the sensor is sensitive to infrared radiation. Sensor can be a great addition in
a fire fighting robot, it can be used as a robot eyes to find the fire source. When the sensor
detects flame the Signal LED will light up and the D0 pin goes LOW.

Fig 3: Flame sensor

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 4.4) Connecting wire: It is an electrical cable in which it is normally used to interconnect
the components.
4.5) Servo motor: A servo motor is an electrical device which can push or rotate an
object with great precision. If you want to rotate and object at some specific angles or
distance, then you use servo motor. It is just made up of simple motor which run
through servo mechanism. If motor used is DC powered then it is called DC servo
motor, and if it is AC powered motor then it is called AC servo motor. 

Fig 4: Servo motor

4.6) Motor driver module: The Motor driver is a module for motors that allows you to
control the working speed and direction of two motors simultaneously. This motor driver is
designed and developed based on L293D IC.

Fig 5: L293D motor driver module

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 5.SOFTWARE IMPLIMENTATION:

#include <Servo.h>
Servo myservo;
int pos = 0;
boolean fire = false;
#define Left_S 8
#define Right_S 10
#define Forward_S 9
#define LM1 2
#define LM2 3
#define RM1 4
#define RM2 5
#define pump 6
void setup()
{
pinMode(Left_S, INPUT);
pinMode(Right_S, INPUT);
pinMode(Forward_S, INPUT);
pinMode(LM1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LM2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RM1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(RM2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(pump, OUTPUT);
myservo.attach(11);
myservo.write(90);
}
void put_off_fire()
{
delay (500);
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);

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 digitalWrite(RM2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(pump, HIGH); delay(500);
for (pos = 50; pos <= 130; pos += 1) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(10);
}
for (pos = 130; pos >= 50; pos -= 1) {
myservo.write(pos);
delay(10);
}
digitalWrite(pump,LOW);
myservo.write(90);
fire=false;
}
void loop()
{
myservo.write(90); //Sweep_Servo();
if (digitalRead(Left_S) ==1 && digitalRead(Right_S)==1 && digitalRead(Forward_S)
==1) //If Fire not detected all sensors are zero
{
//Do not move the robot
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, HIGH);
}
else if (digitalRead(Forward_S) ==0) //If Fire is straight ahead
{
//Move the robot forward
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW);
fire = true;
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 }
else if (digitalRead(Left_S) ==0) //If Fire is to the left
{
//Move the robot left
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, LOW);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, HIGH);
}
else if (digitalRead(Right_S) ==0) //If Fire is to the right
{
//Move the robot right
digitalWrite(LM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LM2, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(RM2, LOW);
}
delay(300); //Slow down the speed of robot
while (fire == true)
{
put_off_fire();
}
}

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6.HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

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 7. CIRCUIT EXPLANATION
Three flame sensors are kept in three directions. Robot will move in the direction of flame
sensor which senses the fire and douses it off by sprinkling water. Arduino takes input from
these flame sensors and will drive the motor driver module and servo motor accordingly. This
robot can be used in buildings and industries.

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 8. OBSERVATION AND WORKING

The flame sensor is used to sense the fire . This flame sensor has a photo diode (IR receiver)
which is used to detect the infra-red rays which are emited from the fire. The robot move in
the direction of the flame.This module has a potentiometer which increases the range of
detection of the flame.So, we place three such sensors in three directions of the root to sense
on which direction the fire is burning. we use the motors to move near the fire y driving our
motors through the L293D module.Using a small container we can carry water, a 5v pump is
also placed in the container and the whole container is placed on top of the servomotor.so that
we can control the direction of flow of water.

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 9 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANATGES

ADVANTAGES:
1.It detects exact direction of the fire source.
2.Reduce human effort.
3.Reliable and economical.
4.Not sensitive to weather conditions.
DISADVANTAGES:
1.No monitoring system for the vehicle.
2.No remote control for the robotic movement.
3.It is not used to put out large fires.

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 10. REFERENCES

1. https://nevonprojects.com/arduino-based-autonomous-fire-fighting-robot/
2. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/alberto-ben/mini-firefighter-robot-49ea69

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