ACE Engineering Academy: Hyderabad Delhi Bhopal Pune Bhubaneswar Bengaluru Chennai Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Tirupati

ACE Engineering Academy Hyderabad | Delhi | Bhopal| Pune | Bhubaneswar | Bengaluru | Chennai | Vijayawada | Visakhapatnam | Tirupati
:2: ESE_Offline & Online Test
01 Sol: B is the position of tower

(a) (i) Toughness : A is the eye level of sailor
It is the resistance against fracture in AA = h1 = 3 m
impact loading. Greater the toughness, BB = h2 = 40 m
greater is the ability to store energy d1 = 3855.3 h 1
before fracture.
Fracture
d1 = 3855.3 3 A d1 C d2 B
d1 = 6677.57 m
P A
TOUGHNESS d2 = 3855.3 h 2 B
→ d2 = 3855.3 40
(ii) Hardness :
d2 = 24383.06 m O
Hardness is the resistance against
scratch, abrasion or indentation.  Distance between observer and light house
Hardness is measured by Brinell test or = d1 + d 2
Rockwell test. = 6677.57 + 24383.06
= 31060.63 m
(iii) Resilience (u): d = 31.060 km
Resilience of a metal is the elastic strain
(c) Ans:
energy stored which can be released on
The following are important differences
unloading.
between statically determinate and statically
P
P indeterminate structures.
u Statically Statically
→ determinate indeterminate
structures structures
(iv) Proof stress  D  :
(i) Conditions of (i) Conditions of
Proof stress is design stress which is equilibrium are equilibrium are
analogous to yield stress in mild steel sufficient to fully insufficient to
and is found by taking an offset on strain analyse the analyse the structure
axis. It is taken for non linear elastic structure. fully.
materials.
(ii) The bending (ii)The bending
moment at a section moment at a section
(p) or the force in any or the force in a
member is member depends
independent of the upon the material of
Offset material of the the components of
components of the the structure.
(b) (i) Ans: structure.
The principles of surveying are: (iii) The bending (iii) The bending
(1) Work from whole to part. moment at a section moment at a section
(2) Fixing positions of new control points. or the force in any or the force in a
member is member depends
(ii) Sol:
:3: COV – 1 Solutions
independent of the upon the cross- dy

 0.25
cross- sectional sectional areas, of dx
areas, of the the components.   y E = 0.25 ×  x E
components.
= 0.25 × 0.02
(iv) No stresses are (iv)  y E  0.005 m
Stresses are
caused due to generally caused (f) Ans:
temperature due to temperature PIPING FAILURE:
changes. variations. Hydraulic structures, such as weirs and dams,
built on pervious foundations sometimes fail
(v) No stresses are (v) Stresses are by formation of a pipe shaped channel in its
caused due to lack caused due to lack of foundation, known as piping failure. The
of fit. fit. failure occurs when water flowing through
foundation has a very high hydraulic gradient
and it carries soil particles with it.
(d) Sol:
The settlement is computed in two parts. (g) Ans:
i) Settlement for pressure o to c LIQUEFACTION OF SAND:
ii) Settlement for pressure The phenomenon when the sand loses its
c to ( o   ) shear strength due to oscillary motion is
known as liquefaction of sand. The soils
For the first part, recompression index is
most susceptible to liquefaction are the
applicable, whereas for second part, the
saturated, fine and medium sands of uniform
compression index is used.
particle size.
 Final settlement is given by
If flow takes place in upward direction,
C   C      seepage pressure acts in upward direction,
Sf  r H o log c   c H o log o 
1  eo 
 o 1  e o   c  hence effective pressure reduces. When
effective stress reduces to zero, sand losses
0.05  2 its shear strength.
 75  0.25  2  50  40 
Sf  log10    log10   At quick sand condition   0
1  1.4  50  1  1.4  75  z – ps = 0
z = i z w
Sf = 7.34 × 103 + 0.01649
'
Sf = 23.83 × 103 m i  ic 
Sf = 23.83 mm w
 G 1
ic   
(e) Sol:  1 e 
Equation for line DC is given by The hydraulic gradient at which quick sand
y = mx + C (taking A as origin) condition occurs is termed as critical
 150  100  hydraulic gradient.
y  x  100
 200   To avoid quick sand condition, i < ic.
y = 0.25 x + 100
(h) i) Ans: 02.

(a) Sol:
Magnetic Declination:
The horizontal angle between magnetic
meridian and true meridian. 10 m
Magnetic Dip: The vertical angle between 7.5 m
the horizontal at the point and the direction
shown by perfectly balanced needle.
ii) Sol: 900 kg

Whole circle Bearing (WCB) = 180 – 65 The total weight on the pulley,
= 115 P = (900  9.81 + 0.5  103)
True Bearing = 115 – 8 = 107 = S 73 E P = 9329 N
True Bearing = 115 + 12 = 127 = S 53 E Consider the pulley to be frictionless, the
load will be shared equally by two segments
(i) Ans: of the rope.
Terzaghi’s Theory of 1-D Consolidation: Given that working stress,  = 230 MPa
The rate of settlement is directly related to  P/2 P/2
the rate of dissipation of excess pore water    
 A  P/2
pressure.
The basic relationship is given by
P
u  2u Area of c/s, A 
 Cv 2 2
t z 9239 P
u = excess pore pressure A
2  230
u
 rate of dissipation of pore pressure. = 20.28 mm2
t 
Cv = Coefficient of consolidation. Area of 1.6 mm strand, a   (1.6) 2
4
u
 change of pore pressure with depth. a = 2.01 mm2
z  No. of 1.6 mm strands required
Assumptions: A
1) The soil is homogenous and saturated. =
2) The soil grains and water both are a
20.28
incompressible 
3) Darcy’s law is valid. 2.01
4) Compression and flow are one = 10.1 ≃ 11
dimensional (vertical).  The rope should be fabricated with
5) Strains are small; that is applied load atleast 11 strands.
increment produces virtually no change Total length of rope, L = 10 + 7.5 = 17.5 m
in structure of soil. The elongation of the rope is given by
6) The hydro-dynamic lag is considered but
P
plastic lag is ignored.  L
 
2
AE
 9329  e1 / e2 = 187.5×10–6 ± 318.6 × 10–6

   17.5  10
3
e1 = 506.18 × 10–6
 
2
11 2.01 120  10 3 e2 = – 131.18 × 10–6
= 30.8 mm Angle of principal strain with x-axis is
given by
(b) Sol:   xy 
tan 2   
The principal stresses are given by e e 
 x y 
E
1  (e1  e 2 )  68.9 N / mm 2 1  125  10 6 
1  2
  tan 1  6 
E 2  (500  125)  10 
2  (e 2  e1 )  36.3 N / mm 2  = 5.65o
1  2
(c) Sol: Principal stresses:

Y
1 
E
e1  e 2 
1 2
ey
e45
2.1  10 5
45 1  
506.18  10 6  131.18  10 6  0.3 
ex
X 1  (0.3) 2
1 = 107.73 N/mm2
Linear strain at an angle 45o to the vertical
E
axis is given by 2 = (e 2  e1 )
1 2
 ex  ey   ex  ey   
e       cos2   xy  sin 2 2.1  105
 2   2 
 2 
 

1  (0.3) 2

 131.18  10 6  0.3  506.18  10 6 
 500125 2 = 4.77 N/mm2
e45o  250106    10
6
 2 
 500 125 6
45o (d) Sol:
 10 cos 90 
o
 sin90o Given:
 2  2
 45o  125  10 6 y = 250 N/mm2
E = 2  105 N/mm2
Principal strains are given by
According to Hooke’s Law, within elastic
ex  ey  e x  e y    xy  limit,   e
2 2
e1 / e 2       
2  2   2  
 e
E
 500  125  6
e1 / e 2     10  250
 2   Elastic strain, e = 
E 2  10 5
2 2
 625   125 
   10 6     10 6 
 2   2 
e = 1.25  103 Slope of OA is constant and is equal to

6 .5 Young’s Modulus of the material i.e. 2.1 ×
The actual strain in the body, e = 105 N/mm2. Hooke’s law is valid.
2  10 3
e = 3.25  10-3 AB - It is a non linear curve.
If the stress in material is released during this
Since e  e, there will be permanent
stage, it retraces its original form.
deformation in the material.
B - Elastic limit
 Plastic strain left
CC - yielding region.
= 3.25  103 – 1.25  103
There is a sudden fall from C to C, it is due
= 2  103
to slipping of carbon atoms in molecular
Final change in length,  = 21032103 structure of steel.
= 4 mm C - lower yield point - It is taken as yield
stress of the material ie. 250 N/mm2.
(e) Sol: CD - yield plateau
E
It is also known as plastic region, in this
C region strain increases without increase in
B F
D stress.
 C
A DE - strain hardening region.
(N/mm2)
In this region steel undergoes change in
crystalline structure and stiffening effect can
be observed.
O (%) E - Ultimate stress point.
EF - strain softening region
Important Stages: It is also termed as necking region, the fall is
A - Proportionality limit. due to not considering actual cross-section of
OA - It is a linear straight line. the steel at that time.
F – Failure point.
03.
(a) Sol: 120 kN
10 m C
Mx = 30(20 – x) – 75  841  x 2
 21 
10 m Mx = 2175 – 30x – 75 841 x 2
E For the condition of maximum BM.
h=8m
y y dM x
A
x x
B
0
HA dx
HB
75x
VA
40 m
VB  30  0
Fy = 0  VA + VB = 120 kN 841  x 2
 Fx = 0  HA + HB = H  x = 10.77 m.
Taking moments about A. At this section, 10.77 m on RHS of C,
VB × 40 – 120 × 10 = 0 y  841  10.77 2
VB = 30 kN y = 5.926 m.
 VA = 90 kN The section of maximum negative moment is
Mc = 0 at a distance of 20 – 10.77 = 9.23 m from B.
 VB × 20 = H × 8 Mmax = 30 × 9.23 – 75 × 5.926
30  20 =  167.55 kN-m.
H  75 kN.
8 433.425
From the profile of arch,
2
 C
167.55 kN-m
 ⊝
y  R2  x2  R2   
2 A B
From the property of circle, 9.23 m
8 (2R – 8) = 20 × 20 (b) Sol:
 R = 29 m i) Maximum ‘Va’:
y  29 2  x 2  29 2  20 
The ILD for reaction at A, i.e Va is shown
 y  841  x 2  21 For maximum ‘+ve’ reaction, span AB
Maximum positive BM: should be loaded.
The maximum positive Bending moment 1 
 Va =   1 8   20 1 
occurs under the load i.e. at E. 2  1/4 C
A
y E  841  10 2  21 = 6.221 m Va = + 80 kN B ⊝
8m
ME = 90 × 10 – 75 × 6.221 6m
ME = 433.425 kN-m.
Maximum negative BM: For maximum ‘–ve’ reaction span BC should
The maximum –ve BM occurs at a section be loaded.
between C & B.  1 1 
 Va =     6   20
Consider a section x on CB at a distance ‘x’  2 4 
from C. Va =  15 kN.
y  841  x 2  21
BM at section,
ii) Maximum ‘Vb’:  The maximum negative S.F develops at D

when the entire span is loaded.
The ILD for reaction at B, i.e Vb is shown.  Maximum negative shear force at D is
For maximum reaction entire span should be  1 3 1 1 1 1 
loaded.      6    2    6   20
 2 4 2 4 2 4 
1 5 
 Vb =    14   20  11
2 4  =  20
1 5/4 4
Vb = + 175 kN A B C
2m =  55 kN.
8m 6m
(c) Ans:
iii) Maximum ‘Vc’: MULLER BRESLAU’S PRINCIPLE:
This principle states that the influence line
ILD for reaction at C i.e. Vc is shown for any stress function of a structure, such as
span EC should be loaded. SF and BM or any reactive force or moment,
1  is given by the deflected curve of a structure
 Vc =   4  1  20 obtained by imposing a unit displacement (or
2  1 rotation) in the direction of stress function.
Vc = + 40 kN E C The ordinates of influence lines for any stress
4m element of any structure are proportional to
iv) Maximum Bending Moment at B:
those of the deflected curve, which is
ILD for Bending Moment at ‘D’ is shown.
obtained by removing the restraint
For maximum +ve BM, span AB should be
corresponding to that element from the
loaded.
structure and introducing on its place a
1 
BM D    1.5  8   20 = + 120 kN-m. deformation into primary structure which
2  remains.
(d) Sol:
1.5  B
2m 4m (i)
C A
1.5 ⊝
A B
6m 2m C
D
For maximum –ve BM, span BC should be
loaded.
1 
BM D    1.5  6   20 =  90 kN-m.
2  External Indeterminacy, Dse = r – 3
v) Maximum Shear force at D: =9–3
1 Dse = 6
6m 4
2m 4m Internal Indeterminacy, Dsi = 3C
A (+) B
() D 2m 1 C =3×3
4
3 Dsi = 9
4
Releases (Rr):
@ C; due to internal hinge, releases = 3 – 1
There is no positive shear force developed at
=2
D.
@ A; due to shear release, releases = 1
@ B; due to presence of hinge connecting  Safe depth of trench = 5.90 m

member BC and rest of the frame,
release = 2 – 1 ① For a depth of trench of 7 m, let ‘H’ be the
②
=1 height of water table above ‘P’.
@ D; due to presence of hinge connecting G.L
3 member ③
release = 3 – 1 = 2 ②
①
 No. of releases, Rr = 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 7m
=6  WT
 Degree of static indeterminacy, 9m
Ds = Dse + Dsi – Rr
=6 + 9 – 6 H
Ds = 9
.P
ii) SAND
The rigid body (shaded portion) is considered
as rigid joint.  (97)  19 = H  9.81
Dse = 3 × 3 – 3 = 6 H = 3.87 m
Dsi = 3C = 3  Lowering of water table required
 Ds = 9 = 6  3.87
= 2.13 m.
04. (b) Sol:
(a) Sol: 4T
Let ‘z’ be the safe depth of excavation. Capillary rise, hc =
wd
Depth of clay below excavation = (9 – z) m
Unit weight of water,
G.L  w = 9.81  103 N / m3
At 20o C, surface tension of water,
3m
T = 0.07 N /m
  4  0.07 0.029
z  hc  
dmm  d
9m 9.81 10 3  3
10
6m
The effective size of void is assumed to
be 20% of effective size of solids.
D
.P  d = 10 = 0.0004 mm
SAND 5
0.029
Capillary rise, hc= = 72.5 m
Let us consider a point ‘P’ on the surface of 0.0004
sand just below the trench. Capillary pressure =   w h c
Equating the downward force to the uplift. =  72.5  9.81
(9z)  19 = 6  9.81 =  711.225 kN/m2
z = 5.90 m
: 10 : ESE_Offline & Online Test
(c) Sol: Tv 1  0.784

1.5 m Sand
layer
Assuming that degree of consolidation,
6m 4.5 m U  60%
Tv  1.781  0.933 log10 100  u 
(a) (b)
Final consolidation settlement of clay 0.784 = 1.781  0.933 log10 (100  u)
layer after the introduction of additional U1 = 88.29% ( 60% ; ok)
drainage layer = 120 mm. For bottom layer,
Since the drainage layer will not alter the Tv 2  d 22  Tv a  d a2
magnitude of ultimate consolidation, but the 2
rate of consolidation is altered.
Tv 2  2.25  0.049   6 
2
2
For case (a) : Tv 2  0.087
6
Length of drainage path, da = = 3 m. Assuming that degree of consolidation,
2 U  60%
at t = 3 years, Settlement (Si)a = 30 mm.

S  Tv  U 22
Degree of consolidation, Ua = i a 4
S t a 
30 0.087  U 22
Ua  4
120 U 2 = 33.28 % ( 60 % ; ok)
Ua = 0.25 For a consolidating layer, at any time t,
 S t = U t  Sf
 Time factor, (Tv)a = U a2
4 Where the final settlement (Sf) is
(Tv)a = 0.049 proportional to thickness of layer.
For case (b) :
Length of drainage path of top layer,  U1S1  U 2S 2  U t Sf
1 .5 Where Ut is the degree of consolidation of
d1 = = 0.75 m both the layers combined.
2
Length of drainage path of bottom layer,
88.29 33.28
d2 =
4 .5
= 2.25 m  1 .5   4 .5  U t  6
2 100 100
C t  Ut = 0.47
We know that , Tv = v2  The settlement of clay layer after 3 years
d is
1
 Tv  2 (at t = 3 years) S = U t  Sf
d
For top layer S = 0.47  120
S = 56.4 mm
Tv 1  d12  Tv a  d a2
2
Tv 1  0.75  0.049   6 

2
2
: 11 : COV – 1 Solutions
05. (c) Sol:

(a) Sol: In the given set of bearings, no station is free
from local attraction.
S.No. Measured angle ()  = mean   2 Calculation of internal angles:
A = AB  AE = 191o 30  53o = 138o 30
01 43o 36 20 20 400
02 43o 35 50 +10 100
B = BC BA = 69o 30  13o = 56o 30
 
03 43o 35 40 +20 400 C = CD  CB = 32 15  246 30
o o
04 43o 36 10 10 100 = 214o 15 = 145o 45

Mean   =43 36 0
o   2 = 1000 D = DE  DC = 262o 45  210o 30 = 52o 15
E = EA  ED = 230o 15  80o 45 = 149o 30
----------------------
 2
 = 542o 30
Standard deviation,  = 
n 1 ----------------------
1000 Sum of internal angles = (2n  4)  90

= = (2  5  4)  90
4 1
 =  18.26 = 540o
(i) Probable error of single observation Error,  = 2o 30
=  0.6745  2 o 30
 Error in each angle = = 30
=  12.32 5
 Correction =  30
(ii) Probable error mean =  0.6745 After the correction, the included angles are
n
as follows
18.26
=  0.6745  A = 138o
4 B = 56o

=  6.16 C = 145o 15
(iii) Maximum error =  3.29  =  60.075 D = 51o 45
(b) Sol: E = 149o
Measured horizontal distance
= 100 cos 2o 15+125 cos 4o 18 Consider the line having minimum error
+ 50 cos 1o 20 + 200 cos 7o18 i.e. AB.
+ 250 cos 3o 10 + 96.4 cos 5o 0 AB  BA = 191o 30  13
= 818.588 m = 178o 30
Error =  1o 30
Correction = + 45, which is distributed to
both bearings.
Bearing of AB = 191o 30 +0o 45
Temperature correction,
= 192o 15
Ct = L(Tm  To)
Bearing of BA = 13o  0o 45
= 818.588  62 10-7 (63  84)
= 12o 15
Ct =  0.107
Start with bearing of AB = 192o 15
Correct horizontal length = 818.588 0.107
= 818.48 m AE = AB  A
= 192o 15  138o = 13.66m

= 54o 15 Length of regular chord = 30 m
BC = B + BA Number of full chords
= 56o + 12o15 279.25  (25.59  13.66)
= =8
= 68o15 30
CB = 180o + 68o15 Total number of chords = 1 + 8 + 1 = 10
=  111o45 = 248o15 (1) Rankines defection angle
CD = C + CB C
 = 1718.9 minutes
R
= 145o 15+ 248o 15 C  chord length
= 393o 30 = 33o 30 R  radius
DC = 33o 30  180 25.59
1 = 1718.9 ×  109 .97
= 146o 30 = 213o 30 400
30
DE = D + DC 2 to S9 = 1718.9 
400
= 51o 45+ 213o 30 = 128.92
= 265o 15 = 2855.2
ED = 265o 15  180o 13.66
= 85o 15 10 = 1718.9 
 400
EA = E + ED
= 58.7
= 234o 15
(d) Sol: V
3
 = 40 ,R = 400 m. 2
 A 2 B C
Length of back tangent = R tan T1 1 3
2
40
= 400 tan
2 R
= 145.59 m
 R    400  40 O
Length of the curve = 
180 180
= 279.25 m 1  1  14958
Chainage of point of intersection = 1200 m  2  1  2  14958  2855.2  35853.2
chainage of tangent T1 = 1200 – 145.59  3   2  3  35853.2  2855.2  6748.4
= 1054.41m  4   3   4  6748.4  2855.2  81643.6
Chainage of tangent T2 = 1054.41 + length of
curve = 1054.41 + 279.25  5   4  5  81643.6  2855.2 102538.8
=1333.66 m  6   5  6 102538.8  2855.2 123434
Length of first subchord = 1080 –1054.41  7   6  7  123434  2855.2  144329.2
= 25.59 m
Length of last subchord = 1333.66 – 1320
8   7  8  144329.2  2855.2  165224.4 v = 5.86 m

 9  8  9  165224.4  2855.2  191 19.6  R.L of top of pole
= 124 + 0.992 + 5.86 + 3
10   9  10 191 19.6  2855.2  211014 = 133.852 m
(2) Offsets from chord produced:-
B2 06.
C A1 C O2 C3 D (a) Sol:
O1
On = n (C n 1  C n )
2
d
2R O3 In CD test, clay will behave like sand
C2
C1
T1 C1
C3 Effective cohesion, C = 0
D
O1 =
2R
(C1 ) D Let  be effective angle of friction
D
 3  250 kN/m2
=
25.59 
2
 0.82 m R
2d R
1   c   d
2  400
= 525 kN/m2
C2 30 ( 25.59  30)
O2 = (C1  C 2 )   2.08 m  45   '   45   ' 
2R 2  400 1   3 tan 2    2C ' tan 
C 30 (30  30)  2   2 
O3 to O9 = ( C  C)   2.25 m  45  ' 
2R 2  400 525 = 250 tan 2   + 0
C 13.66 30  13.66   2 
O10 = 10 (C 9  C10 )   0.75
2R 2  400 i) Effective angle of friction ,  = 20.78o
ii) Angle of failure plane with major principal
(e) Sol: plane,

1.345 3m  c  45 
y 12 2
10 8 v
 c  55.39 o
iii) Normal stress on failure plane,
BM

 n  1 1  sin  ' 
RL = 124.00
x
= 525 ( 1 sin 20.78o)
2m
y  n = 338.74 kN/m2
tan 10o = Shear stress on failure plane,
2
y = 0.353 m  = C +  n tan  '
 Horizontal staff reading = 1.345  0.353 = 0 + 338.74  tan 20.78
= 0.992  = 128.54 kN/m2
v v   3
tan 8o =  x  iv) Normal stress on plane of  max  1
x tan 8 o 2
v3 v3 525  250
tan 12o = x =
x tan 12 o 2
v v3 = 387.5 kN/m2
 o

tan 8 tan 12 o
0.213 v = 0.141 v + 0.422
(b) Sol: 1000 kN 0.45  65.5  23.67 

H   3 103  log10  
1  1.08  65.5 
1m
2m Sand  H = 86.95 mm
WT  =16 kN/m3
(c) Sol:
2m Sand i) Under the equilibrium condition of the
 =20 kN/m3 bar,
P1 + P2 + P3 +P4 = 0
wn = 40% Clay –100 + 300 – 250 + P4 =0
3m Gs = 2.70
 =19 kN/m3  P4 = 50 kN.
wL = 60%
Consider the free body diagrams of the
different cross sections.
ROCK SOIL PROFILE Section (1):
Consolidation settlement of clay layer is 100 kN ① 100 kN
given by
P1 100  10 3
Cc    o  Stress,  1  
H  H o log10  o  A1 
1  eo  o   20 2
4
Coefficient of compression, = 318.3 N/mm2
Cc = 0.009 ( w L  10) PL
Cc = 0.009 (60  10) Elongation,  1  1 1
A1E
Cc = 0.45
Initial void ratio, 100  103  100

wG 0.4  2.7 
eo    1.08  20 2  195  103
S 1 4
Initial effective over burden pressure at = + 0.16 mm
middle of clay layer is
o  16  2  20  10   2  19  10   1.5 Section (2):
o  65.5 kN/m2
200 kN ② 200 kN
Additional pressure created due to
loading on footing at middle of clay
layer is given by P2  200  10 3
P Stress,  2  
o  A2 
B  2mz 2 4
 25 2
1000 = – 407.4 N/mm2 ( comp.)

2  2  0.5  4.52
o  23.67 kN/m2
 Consolidation settlement
Elongation,  0.38
'2   200
PL  200  10 3  200  0.42
2  2 2 
A2E 
 25 2  195  10 3
4  ' 2  181 mm
= – 0.42 mm iii) Elongation of third segment, 3 = 0.22 mm
Section (3): Elongation of other two segments, 1 + 2
50 kN ③ 50 kN = 0.16 – 0.42
= – 0.26 mm
P3 50  10 3
Stress,  3  
A3   The elongation of segment (3) should be
 15 2 0.26 mm
4
= 283 N/mm2 PL
 
AE
Elongation, 1
 2
PL 50  10 3  150 d
3  3 3 
A3E   0.22  15 = 0.26  d '32
2
 15 2  195  10 3
4  d '3 = 13.8 mm
= + 0.22 mm
07.
Total elongation of the bar, (a) Sol:
 = 1 + 2 + 3 i) From the figure given
 = 0.16 – 0.42 +0.22 No. of flow channels, Nf = 3
 = – 0.04 mm ( shortening) No. of equipotential drops, Nd = 6
Head difference between upstream and
ii) The required length of middle segment downstream points,
for zero elongation of the bar can be h = 5  1.5
determined by proportioning the h = 3.5 m
deformation of segment to satisfy the Length of the floor, L = 6 m
condition. h
Elongation of middle segment,  Head loss for each drop, h =
L
2 = – 0.42 mm 3 .5
Elongation of other two segments, 
6
1 + 3 = 0.16 + 0.22 h = 0.583 m
= 0.38 mm
In order to keep the bar length constant,
the elongation of middle segment should Point ‘a’:
be – 0.38 mm. It is located on equipotential line (1)
PL  potential drop at ‘a’ = 1 0.583
  = 0.583 m
AE
l Piezometric level at ‘a’ = 5  1  0.583
= 4.417 m
 The required length of middle segment,
Point ‘b’ : ii) Combined correction for curvature and

It is located on equipotential line (2) refraction
 potential drop at ‘b’ = 2 0.583  
6 d2
= 1.166 m 7 2R
Piezometric level at ‘b’ = 5  2  0.583
 
6 14202
= 3.834 m 7 2  6370  1000
Point ‘c’: = 0.1357 m
It is located on equipotential line (5) Where , 6370  1000 m is radius of earth
 potential drop at ‘c’ = 5 0.583
= 2.915 m iii) When the instrument was at A
Piezometric level at ‘c’ = 5  5  0.583 Difference, H =  1.115
= 2.085 m If ‘e’ is the error in observation of readings
Point ‘d’: at B from A.
It is located on equipotential line (5) we know
 potential drop at ‘d’ = 5 0.583 H = h a  h b  e   h a  h b  e
= 2.915 m e  H  h a  h b 
Piezometric level at ‘d’ = 5  2.915  1.115  1.545  2.565
= 2.085 m =  0.095
But e = collimation error + curvature and
ii) Rate of seepage through flow channel II per refraction error
unit length,
6 d2
H e = D tan  + 
q = k 7 2R
Nd
where  is upward angular error in plane of
3 .5
= 4.2 103 102  collimation
6   0.095 = 1420 tan  + 0.1357
5
q = 2.45  10 m /s/m
3
 0.2360
 tan  =  1.66197  10  4
1420
(b) Sol: Since  is small,
i) ha = 1.545 hb = 2.565
tan  =  =  1.66197  104 radian
ha = 0.725 hb = 1.935
180
True difference of levels between A and B =  1.66197  104   3600
H = Average of the differences in the two 
sets. i.e.  = 34.28 seconds
h  h b   h 'a h 'b 
 a
 = 34.28 seconds downward
2
=
1.545  2.565  0.725  1.935 
Collimation error
2
Combined curvature
=  1.115 m and
RL of A = 108.360 refraction error
 RL of B = 108.360  1.115 = 107.245 m D
(c) Ans: 5  1000  10 3

Limitations of direct shear test : Cu =
 50 2  100 50 3 
(i) Drainage conditions cannot be controlled   
and pore water pressure cannot be  2 6 
measured. C u = 10.9 kN / m2
(ii) The failure plane is always horizontal in Sensitivity of clay,
the direct shear test, which may not be C undisturbed 
St = u
C u remoulded
the direction of weakest plane.
(iii) There are stress concentrations at sample
boundaries, leading to non uniform shear 76
 = 6.97
stress distribution on failure plane. 10.9
(iv) The area of specimen under normal and
shear loads does not remain constant for (e) Sol:
the duration of test, hence calculations of Since both the supports are fixed and non-
normal and shear stress made on the yielding, free expansion of bar is prevented.
basis of constant nominal area of  Final deflection of bar, AB = 0
specimen are in accurate. Let RA and RB be the reactions developed at
(v) The direction of principal planes are not supports.
known at every stage of test, hence field Compressive reactions at A and B will be
loading condition cannot be simulated equal RA = RB
accurately in the laboratory sample.  stress () will be constant along the
length (  A = constant)
(d) Sol: From AB = 0
The moment of total shear resistance about Free expansion due to rise in temperature
centre is torque (T) – contraction due to  = 0
 d2h d3  
T = C u    Free expansion = .L ……(1)
 2 6 E
Undrained shear strength, Free expansion of elemental length dx = d
T d = dx..Tx
Cu  x2
 d h d3 
2
= .T 2 .dx
   L
 2 6
.T 2
d = 2 x .dx
35  10 3 L

 50 2  100 50 3  Total free expansion,
  
6  T
L
 2    d   2 .x 2 .dx
= 0.076 N/mm2 0 L
C u = 76 kN/m2 TL

3
From equation (1)
Similarly, the undrained shear strength in the TL L ET
remoulded state is  
3 E 3

ACE Engineering Academy: Hyderabad Delhi Bhopal Pune Bhubaneswar Bengaluru Chennai Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Tirupati

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

ACE Engineering Academy: Hyderabad Delhi Bhopal Pune Bhubaneswar Bengaluru Chennai Vijayawada Visakhapatnam Tirupati

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

ACE Engineering Academy Hyderabad | Delhi | Bhopal| Pune | Bhubaneswar | Bengaluru | Chennai | Vijayawada | Visakhapatnam | Tirupati

:2: ESE_Offline & Online Test

01 Sol: B is the position of tower

independent of the upon the cross- dy

(h) i) Ans: 02.

ii) Sol: 900 kg

 9329  e1 / e2 = 187.5×10–6 ± 318.6 × 10–6

(c) Sol: Principal stresses:

e = 1.25  103 Slope of OA is constant and is equal to

ii) Maximum ‘Vb’:  The maximum negative S.F develops at D

@ B; due to presence of hinge connecting  Safe depth of trench = 5.90 m

(c) Sol: Tv 1  0.784

Tv 1  0.75  0.049   6 

05. (c) Sol:

04 43o 36 10 10 100 = 214o 15 = 145o 45

1000 Sum of internal angles = (2n  4)  90

= 192o 15  138o = 13.66m

8   7  8  144329.2  2855.2  165224.4 v = 5.86 m

(b) Sol: 1000 kN 0.45  65.5  23.67 

Point ‘b’ : ii) Combined correction for curvature and

(c) Ans: 5  1000  10 3

Вам также может понравиться