Section 15 PDF

SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS
LEATHER BELTS
DESIGN PROBLEMS
841. A belt drive is to be designed for F1 F2 = 3 , while transmitting 60 hp at 2700

rpm of the driver D1 ; mw ≈ 1.85 ; use a medium double belt, cemented joint, a
squirrel-cage, compensator-motor drive with mildly jerking loads; center distance
is expected to be about twice the diameter of larger pulley. (a) Choose suitable
iron-pulley sizes and determine the belt width for a maximum permissible
s = 300 psi . (b) How does this width compare with that obtained by the ALBA
procedure? (c) Compute the maximum stress in the straight port of the ALBA
belt. (d) If the belt in (a) stretches until the tight tension F1 = 525 lb ., what is
F1 F2 ?
Solution:
(a) Table 17.1, Medium Double Ply,

Select D1 = 7 in . min.
20
t= in
64
πD n π (7 )(2700)
vm = 1 1 = = 4948 fpm
12 12
4000 fpm < 4948 fpm < 6000 fpm
hp = 1
(F − F2 )vm
33,000
60 = 1
(F − F2 )(4948)
33,000
F1 − F2 = 400 lb
F1 = 3F2
3F2 − F2 = 400 lb
F2 = 200 lb
F1 = 3F2 = 3(200) = 600 lb
F1 = sbt
sd = 300η
For cemented joint, η = 1.0
sd = 300 psi
 20 
F1 = 600 = (300 )(b ) 
 64 
b = 6.4 in
say b = 6.5 in
Page 1 of 56
(b) ALBA Procedure

hp = (hp in., Table 17.1)(bCmC p )(C f1 C f 2 L)
Table 17.1, vm = 4948 fpm
Medium Double Ply
hp in = 12.448
Table 17.2
Squirrel cage, compensator, starting
Cm = 0.67
Pulley Size, D1 = 7 in
C p = 0 .6
Jerky loads, C f = 0.83
hp = 60 = (12.448)(b )(0.67 )(0.6)(0.83)
b = 14.5 in
say b = 15 in
F1 600
(c) s = = = 128 psi
ηbt  20 
(1)(15) 
 64 
1 1 1 1 1
(d) 2 Fo2 = F12 + F22 = (600)2 + (200)2
Fo = 373.2 lb
F1 = 525 lb
1 1 1
2(373.2) = (525) + F
2 2
2
2
F2 = 247 lb
F1 525
= = 2.1255
F2 247
842. A 20-hp, 1750 rpm, slip-ring motor is to drive a ventilating fan at 330 rpm. The
horizontal center distance must be about 8 to 9 ft. for clearance, and operation is
continuous, 24 hr./day. (a) What driving-pulley size is needed for a speed
recommended as about optimum in the Text? (b) Decide upon a pulley size (iron
or steel) and belt thickness, and determine the belt width by the ALBA tables. (c)
Compute the stress from the general belt equation assuming that the applicable
coefficient of friction is that suggested by the Text. (d) Suppose the belt is
installed with an initial tension Fo = 70 lb in . (§17.10), compute F1 F2 and the
stress on the tight side if the approximate relationship of the operating tensions
1 1 1
and the initial tensions is F1 + F = 2 F .
2
2
2
o
2
Page 2 of 56
Solution:
vm = 4000 to 4500 fpm
assume vm = 4250 fpm
πD n
vm = 1 1
12
πD (1750 )
4250 = 1
12
D1 = 9.26 in
say D1 = 10 in
23
(b) Using Heavy Double Ply Belt, t = in
64
Minimum pulley diameter for vm ≈ 4250 fpm , D1 = 10 in
Use D1 = 10 in
πD n π (10 )(1750)
vm = 1 1 = = 4581 fpm
12 12
ALBA Tables
(
hp = (hp in., Table 17.1)(bCmC p ) C f1 C f 2 L )
hp in = 13.8
Slip ring motor, Cm = 0.4
Pulley Size, D1 = 10 in
C p = 0 .7
Table 17.7, 24 hr/day, continuous
N sf = 1.8
Assume C f = 0.74
hp = (1.8)(20) = (13.8)(b )(0.4)(0.7 )(0.74 )
b = 12.59 in
use b = 13 in
(c) General belt equation

 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
4581
vs = = 76.35 fps
60
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in. for leather
23
t= in
64
b = 13 in
Page 3 of 56
33,000(1.8)(20 )
F1 − F2 = = 260 lb
4581
f = 0.3 on iron or steel
D − D1
θ ≈π ± 2
C
C = 8 ~ 9 ft use 8.5 ft
 1750 
D2 =  (10 ) = 53 in
 330 
53 − 10
θ =π − = 2.72 rad
8.5(12 )
fθ = (0.3)(2.72) = 0.816
e fθ − 1 e 0.816 − 1
= 0.816 = 0.5578
e fθ e
 23   12(0.035)(76.35) 
2
F1 − F2 = 260 = (13)   s −  (0.5578)
 64   32.2 
s = 176 psi
1 1 1
(d) F1 2 + F22 = 2 Fo2
Fo = (70 lb in )(13 in ) = 910 lb
F1 − F2 = 260 lb
F2 = F1 − 260 lb
1 1 1
F1 + (F1 − 260)2 = 2(910)2 = 60.33
2
F1 = 1045 lb
F2 = 1045 − 260 = 785 lb
F11045
s= = = 224 psi
bt  23 
(13) 
 64 
F1 1045
= = 1.331
F2 785
843. A 100-hp squirrel-cage, line-starting electric motor is used to drive a Freon

reciprocating compressor and turns at 1140 rpm; for the cast-iron motor pulley,
D1 = 16 in ; D2 = 53 in , a flywheel; cemented joints;l C = 8 ft . (a) Choose an
appropriate belt thickness and determine the belt width by the ALBA tables. (b)
Using the design stress of §17.6, compute the coefficient of friction that would be
needed. Is this value satisfactory? (c) Suppose that in the beginning, the initial
tension was set so that the operating F1 F2 = 2 . Compute the maximum stress in
a straight part. (d) The approximate relation of the operating tensions and the
Page 4 of 56
1 1 1
initial tension Fo is F1 + F = 2 F . For the condition in (c), compute Fo . Is it
2
2
2
o
2
reasonable compared to Taylor’s recommendation?
Solution:
(a) Table 17.1
πD n π (16)(1140 )
vm = 1 1 = = 4775 fpm
12 12
Use heavy double-ply belt
23
t= in
64
hp in = 14.1
(
hp = (hp in., Table 17.1)(bCmC p ) C f1 C f 2 L)
line starting electric motor , Cm = 0.5
Table 17.7, squirrel-cage, electric motor, line starting, reciprocating compressor
N sf = 1.4
D1 = 16 in , C p = 0.8
assume, C f = 0.74
hp = (1.4)(100) = 140 hp
hp = 140 = (14.1)(b )(0.5)(0.8)(0.74)
b = 33.5 in
use b = 34 in
(b) §17.6, sd = 400η

η = 1.00 for cemented joint.
sd = 400 psi
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
4775
vs = = 79.6 fps
60
23
t= in
64
b = 34 in
33,000(1.4 )(100 )
F1 − F2 = = 968 lb
4775
 23   12(0.035)(79.6 )  e fθ − 1 
2
F1 − F2 = 968 = (34 )  400 −  fθ 
 64   32.2  e 
Page 5 of 56
e fθ − 1
= 0.2496
e fθ
fθ = 0.28715
D − D1
θ ≈π ± 2
C
C = 8 ft
53 − 16
θ =π − = 2.7562 rad
8(12)
f (2.7562) = 0.28715
f = 0.1042 < 0.3
Therefore satisfactory.
(c) F1 − F2 = 968 lb
F1 = 2F2
2 F2 − F2 = 968 lb
F1 = 2 F2 = 2(968) = 1936 lb
F 1936
s= 1 = = 159 psi
bt  23 
(34) 
 64 
(d) F1 = 1936 lb , F2 = 968 lb

1 1 1
2 Fo2 = F12 + F22
1 1 1
2 F = (1936)2 + (968)2
o
2
Fo = 1411 lb
1411
Fo = = 41.5 lb in of width is less than Taylor’s recommendation and is reasonable.
34
844. A 50-hp compensator-started motor running at 585 rpm drives a reciprocating

compressor for a 40-ton refrigerating plant, flat leather belt, cemented joints. The
diameter of the fiber driving pulley is 13 in., D2 = 70 in ., a cast-iron flywheel;
C = 6 ft.11 in. Because of space limitations, the belt is nearly vertical; the
surroundings are quite moist. (a) Choose a belt thickness and determine the width
by the ALBA tables. (b) Using recommendations in the Text, compute s from
the general belt equation. (c) With this value of s , compute F1 and F1 F2 . (d)
1 1 1
Approximately, F1 2 + F22 = 2 Fo2 , where Fo is the initial tension. For the
condition in (c), what should be the initial tension? Compare with Taylor, §17.10.
(e) Compute the belt length. (f) The data are from an actual drive. Do you have
any recommendations for redesign on a more economical basis?
Page 6 of 56
Solution:
πD1n1 π (13)(865)
(a) vm = = = 2944 fpm
12 12
Table 17.1, use Heavy Double Ply,
Dmin = 9 in for vm = 2944 fpm
belts less than 8 in wide
23
t= in
64
( )
hp = (hp in., Table 17.1)(bCmC p ) C f1 C f 2 L
hp in = 9.86
Table 17.2
Cm = 0.67
C p = 0 .8
C f = (0.74 )(0.80 ) = 0.592
Table 17.7, electric motor, compensator-started (squirrel cage) and reciprocating
compressor
N sf = 1.4
hp = (1.4)(50) = 70 hp
hp = 70 = (9.86)(b )(0.67 )(0.8)(0.592 )
b = 22.4 in
use b = 25 in
(b) General Belt Equation

 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
b = 25 in
23
t= in
64
2944
vs = = 49.1 fps
60
Leather on iron, f = 0.3
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
70 − 13
θ =π − = 2.35 rad
6(12)
fθ = (0.3)(2.35) = 0.705
Page 7 of 56
e fθ − 1 e 0.705 − 1
= 0.705 = 0.5059
e fθ e
33,000(1.4 )(50 )
F1 − F2 = = 785 lb
2944
 23   12(0.035)(49.1) 
2
F1 − F2 = 785 = (25)   s −  (0.5059 )
 64   32.2 
s = 204 psi
Cemented joint, η = 1.0
s = 204 psi
 23 
(c) F1 = sbt = (204 )(25)  = 1833 lb
 64 
F2 = 1833 − 785 = 1048 lb
F1 1833
= = 1.749
F2 1048
1 1 1
(d) 2 Fo2 = F12 + F22
1 1 1
2 F = (1833)2 + (1048)2
o
2
Fo = 1413 lb
1413
Fo = = 56.5 lb in
25
Approximately less than Taylor’s recommendation ( = 70 lb/in.)
(e) L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
(D2 − D1 )2
4C
L = 2(6 )(12) + 1.57(70 + 13) +

(70 − 13)
2
= 286 in
4(6)(12)
(f) More economical basis
πD n
vm = 1 1
12
πD (865)
4500 = 1
12
D1 = 19.87 in
use D1 = 20 in
Page 8 of 56
CHECK PROBLEMS
846. An exhaust fan in a wood shop is driven by a belt from a squirrel-cage motor that
runs at 880 rpm, compensator started. A medium double leather belt, 10 in. wide
is used; C = 54 in .; D1 = 14 in . (motor), D2 = 54 in ., both iron. (a) What
horsepower, by ALBA tables, may this belt transmit? (b) For this power,
compute the stress from the general belt equation. (c) For this stress, what is
F1 F2 ? (d) If the belt has stretched until s = 200 psi on the tight side, what is
F1 F2 ? (e) Compute the belt length.
Solution:
(a) For medium double leather belt

20
t= in
64
hp = (hp in )(b )CmC pC f
Table 17.1 and 17.2
Cm = 0.67
C p = 0 .8
C f = 0.74
b = 10 in
πD n π (14)(880)
vm = 1 1 = = 3225 fpm
12 12
hp in = 6.6625
hp = (6.6625)(10)(0.67 )(0.8)(0.74) = 26.43 hp
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
(b) F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
b = 10 in
20
t= in
64
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
3225
vs = = 53.75 fps
60
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
54 − 14
θ =π − = 2.4 rad
54
Leather on iron f = 0.3
fθ = (0.3)(2.4) = 0.72
Page 9 of 56
e fθ − 1 e 0.72 − 1
= 0.72 = 0.51325
e fθ e
33,000(26.43)
F1 − F2 = = 270 lb
3225
 20   12(0.035)(53.75) 
2
F1 − F2 = 270 = (10 )   s −  (0.51325)
 64   32.2 
s = 206 psi
 20 
(c) F1 = sbt = (206 )(10 )  = 644 lb
 64 
F2 = 644 − 270 = 374 lb
F1 644
= = 1.72
F2 374
(d) s = 200 psi

 20 
F1 = sbt = (200 )(10 )  = 625 lb
 64 
F2 = 625 − 270 = 355 lb
F1 625
= = 1.76
F2 355
(e) L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
( D2 − D1 )
2
4C
L = 2(54) + 1.57(54 + 14) +

(54 − 14)2 = 222 in
4(54)
847. A motor is driving a centrifugal compressor through a 6-in. heavy, single-ply

leather belt in a dusty location. The 8-in motor pulley turns 1750 rpm;
D2 = 12 in . (compressor shaft); C = 5 ft . The belt has been designed for a net
belt pull of F1 − F2 = 40 lb in of width and F1 F2 = 3 . Compute (a) the
horsepower, (b) the stress in tight side. (c) For this stress, what needed value of
f is indicated by the general belt equation? (d) Considering the original
data,what horsepower is obtained from the ALBA tables? Any remarks?
Solution:
πD1n1 π (8)(1750)
(a) vm = = = 3665 fpm
12 12
b = 6 in
F1 − F2 = (40)(6) = 240 lb
Page 10 of 56
hp =
(F1 − F2 )vm = (240)(3665) = 26.65 hp
33,000 33,000
(b) F1 = 3F2
3F2 − F2 = 240 lb
F2 = 120 lb
F1 = 360 lb
F
s= 1
bt
For heavy single-ply leather belt
13
t= in
64
360
s= = 295 psi
 13 
(6) 
 64 
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
(c) F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
3665
vs = = 61.1 fps
60
F1 − F2 = 240 lb
 13   12(0.035)(61.1)  e fθ − 1 
2
F1 − F2 = 240 = (6 )  295 −  fθ 
 64   32.2  e 
e fθ − 1
= 0.7995
e fθ
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
12 − 8
θ =π − = 3.075 rad
5(12)
e fθ = 4.9875
fθ = 1.607
f (3.075) = 1.607
f = 0.5226
(d) ALBA Tables (Table 17.1 and 17.2)

hp = (hp in )(b )CmC pC f
vm = 3665 fpm
hp in = 6.965
Page 11 of 56
b = 10 in
Cm = 1.0 (assumed)
C p = 0 .6
C f = 0.74
hp = (6.965)(6)(1.0 )(0.6)(0.74) = 18.6 hp < 26.65 hp
848. A 10-in. medium double leather belt, cemented joints, transmits 60 hp from a 9-
in. paper pulley to a 15-in. pulley on a mine fab; dusty conditions. The
compensator-started motor turns 1750 rpm; C = 42 in . This is an actual
installation. (a) Determine the horsepower from the ALBA tables. (b) Using the
general equation, determine the horsepower for this belt. (c) Estimate the service
factor from Table 17.7 and apply it to the answer in (b). Does this result in better
or worse agreement of (a) and (b)? What is your opinion as to the life of the belt?
Solution:
πD n π (9 )(1750)
vm = 1 1 = = 4123 fpm
12 12
(a) hp = (hp in )(b )CmC pC f
Table 17.1 and 17.2
Medium double leather belt
20
t= in
64
vm = 4123 fpm
hp in = 11.15
Cm = 0.67
C p = 0 .7
C f = 0.74
b = 10 in
hp = (11.15)(10)(0.67 )(0.7 )(0.74) = 38.7 hp
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
(b) F1 − F2 = bt  s −  fθ 
 32.2  e 
b = 10 in
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
s = 400η
η = 1.0 cemented joint
s = 400 psi
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
Page 12 of 56
15 − 9
θ =π − = 2.9987 rad
42
Leather on paper pulleys, f = 0.5
fθ = (0.5)(2.9987 ) = 1.5
e fθ − 1
= 0.77687
e fθ
4123
vs = = 68.72 fps
60
 20   12(0.035)(68.72 ) 
2
F1 − F2 = (10 )  400 −  (0.77687 ) = 822 lb
 64   32.2 
hp =
( F1 − F2 )vm (822)(4123)
= = 102.7 hp
33,000 33,000
(c) Table 17.7

N sf = 1.6
102.7
hp = = 64.2 hp < 102.7 hp
1 .6
Therefore, better agreement
Life of belt, not continuous, 60 hp > 38.7 hp .
MISCELLANEOUS
849. Let the coefficient of friction be constant. Find the speed at which a leather belt
may transmit maximum power if the stress in the belt is (a) 400 psi, (b) 320 psi.
(c) How do these speeds compare with those mentioned in §17.9, Text? (d)
Would the corresponding speeds for a rubber belt be larger or smaller? (HINT:
Try the first derivative of the power with respect to velocity.)
Solution:
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
hp = 1
(F − F2 )vm
33,000
60(F1 − F2 )vs
hp =
33,000
60vs bt  12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
hp = s −  
33,000  32.2  e fθ 
60bt  e fθ − 1  12 ρvs2 
hp =   s − v s
33,000  e fθ  32.2 
Page 13 of 56
d (hp ) 60bt  e fθ − 1   12 ρvs2  24 ρvs2 

=    s − − =0
d (vs ) 33,000  e fθ   32.2  32.2 
36 ρvs2
s=
32.2
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
(a) s = 400 psi

36(0.035)vs2
400 =
32.2
vs = 101.105 fps
vm = 6066 fpm
(b) s = 320 psi

36(0.035)vs2
320 =
32.2
vs = 90.431 fps
vm = 5426 fpm
(c) Larger than those mentioned in §17.9 (4000 – 4500 fpm)
(d) Rubber belt, ρ = 0.045 lb cu. in.
(a) s = 400 psi

36(0.045)vs2
400 =
32.2
vs = 89.166 fps
vm = 5350 fpm < 6066 fpm
Therefore, speeds for a rubber belt is smaller.
850. A 40-in. pulley transmits power to a 20-in. pulley by means of a medium double
leather belt, 20 in. wide; C = 14 ft , let f = 0.3 . (a) What is the speed of the 40-in
pulley in order to stress the belt to 300 psi at zero power? (b) What maximum
horsepower can be transmitted if the indicated stress in the belt is 300 psi? What
is the speed of the belt when this power is transmitted? (See HINT in 849).
Solution:
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
F1 − F2 = bt  s −  fθ 
 32.2  e 
Page 14 of 56
60(F1 − F2 )vs
hp =
33,000
60bt  e fθ − 1  12 ρvs2 
hp =   s − v s
33,000  e fθ  32.2 
d (hp ) 60bt  e fθ − 1   12 ρvs2  24 ρvs2 
=    s − − =0
d (vs ) 33,000  e fθ   32.2  32.2 
36 ρvs2
s= for maximum power
32.2
(a) At zero power:
12 ρvs2
s=
32.2
s = 300 psi
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
12(0.035)vs2
300 =
32.2
vs = 151.6575 fps
vm = 9100 fpm
12vm 12(9100 )
Speed, 40 in pulley, n2 = = = 869 rpm
πD2 π (40)
(b) Maximum power
36 ρvs2
s=
32.2
36(0.035)vs2
300 =
32.2
vs = 87.5595 fps
vm = 5254 fpm
60bt  e fθ − 1  12 ρvs2 
hp =   s − v s
33,000  e fθ  32.2 
20
t= in
64
b = 20 in
D − D1
θ =π − 2
C
40 − 20
θ =π − = 3.0225 rad
14(12)
f = 0 .3
Page 15 of 56
fθ = (0.3)(3.0225) = 0.90675
e fθ − 1
= 0.5962
e fθ
 20 
60(20) 
 64  (0.5962)300 − 12(0.035)(87.5595)  (87.5595) = 118.64
2
hp =  
33,000  32.2 
vm = 5254 fpm
AUTOMATIC TENSION DEVICES
851. An ammonia compressor is driven by a 100-hp synchronous motor that turns

1200 rpm; 12-in. paper motor pulley; 78-in. compressor pulley, cast-iron;
C = 84 in . A tension pulley is placed so that the angle of contact on the motor
pulley is 193o and on the compressor pulley, 240o. A 12-in. medium double
leather belt with a cemented joint is used. (a) What will be the tension in the
tight side of the belt if the stress is 375 psi? (b) What will be the tension in the
slack side? (c) What coefficient of friction is required on each pulley as indicated
by the general equation? (d) What force must be exerted on the tension pulley to
hold the belt tight, and what size do you recommend?
Solution:
(a) F1 = sbt
b = 12 in
20
t= in
64
 20 
F1 = (375)(12 ) 
 64 
33,000hp
(b) F1 − F2 =
vm
πD n π (12)(1200 )
vm = 1 1 = = 3770 fpm
12 12
Table 17.7, N sf = 1.2
33,000(1.2 )(100 )
F1 − F2 = = 1050 lb
3770
F2 = F1 − 1050 = 1406 − 1050 = 356 lb
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
(c) F1 − F2 = bt  s −  fθ 
 32.2  e 
3770
vs = = 62.83 fps
60
Page 16 of 56
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.

 20   12(0.035)(62.83)  e fθ − 1 
1050 = (12)  375 −  e fθ 
 64   32.2  
e fθ − 1
= 0.8655
e fθ
fθ = 2.006
Motor pulley
 π 
θ = 193o = 193  = 3.3685 rad
 180 
f (3.3685) = 2.006
f = 0.5955
Compressor Pulley
 π 
θ = 2403o = 240  = 4.1888 rad
 180 
f (4.1888) = 2.006
f = 0.4789
(d) Force:
Without tension pulley

D − D1 78 − 12
θ1 = π − 2 =π − = 2.356 rad
C 84
D − D1 78 − 12
θ2 = π + 2 =π + = 3.9273 rad
C 84
Page 17 of 56
π − θ1 π − 2.356
α1 = θ1′ − θ1 − = 3.3685 − 2.356 − = 0.6197 rad = 35.5o
2 2
θ2 − π 3.9273 − π
α2 = + θ 2′ − θ 2 = + 4.1888 − 3.9273 = 0.6544 rad = 37.5o
2 2
Q = F1 (sin α1 + sin α 2 ) = 1406(sin 35.5 + sin 37.5) = 1672 lb of force exerted
Size of pulley; For medium double leather belt,
vm = 3770 fpm , width = 12 in > 8 in
D = 6 + 2 = 8 in
Page 18 of 56
852. A 40-hp motor, weighing 1915 lb., runs at 685 rpm and is mounted on a pivoted
3
base. In Fig. 17.11, Text, e = 10 in ., h = 19 in . The center of the 11 ½-in.
16
motor pulley is 11 ½ in. lower than the center of the 60-in. driven pulley;
C = 48 in . (a) With the aid of a graphical layout, find the tensions in the belt for
maximum output of the motor if it is compensator started. What should be the
width of the medium double leather belt if s = 300 psi ? (c) What coefficient of
friction is indicated by the general belt equation? (Data courtesy of Rockwood
Mfg. Co.)
Solution:
(a)
R = 1915 lb
Graphically
b ≈ 26 in
a ≈ 9 in
[∑ M B =0 ]
eR = F1a + F2b
(10)(1915) = (F1 )(9) + (F2 )(26)
9 F1 + 26 F2 = 19,150
For compensator started
hp = 1.4(rated hp ) = 1.4(40 ) = 56 hp
33,000hp
F1 − F2 =
vm
Page 19 of 56
πD1n1 π (11.5)(685)
vm = = = 2062 fpm
12 12
33,000(56 )
F1 − F2 = = 896 lb
2062
F2 = F1 − 896
Substituting
9 F1 + 26(F1 − 896) = 19,150
F1 = 1213 lb
F2 = 1213 − 896 = 317 lb
20
For medium leather belt, t = in
64
F1 = sbt
 20 
1213 = (300 )(b ) 
 64 
b = 13 in
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
(c) F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
2062
vs = = 34.37 fps
60
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
 20   12(0.035)(34.37 )  e fθ − 1 
896 = (13)  300 −  e fθ 
 64   32.2  
e fθ − 1
= 0.775
e fθ
fθ = 1.492
D − D1 60 − 11.5
θ =π − 2 =π − = 2.1312 rad
C 48
f (2.1312 ) = 1.492
f = 0.70
853. A 50-hp motor, weighing 1900 lb., is mounted on a pivoted base, turns 1140 rpm,
3
and drives a reciprocating compressor; in Fig. 17.11, Text, e = 8 in .,
4
5
h = 17 in . The center of the 12-in. motor pulley is on the same level as the
16
center of the 54-in. compressor pulley; C = 40 in . (a) With the aid of a graphical
layout, find the tensions in the belt for maximum output of the motor if it is
compensator started. (b) What will be the stress in the belt if it is a heavy double
Page 20 of 56
leather belt, 11 in. wide? (c) What coefficient of friction is indicated by the
general belt equation? (Data courtesy of Rockwood Mfg. Co.)
Solution:
(a) For compensator-started
hp = 1.4(50) = 70 hp
33,000hp
F1 − F2 =
vm
πD n π (12 )(1140)
vm = 1 1 = = 3581 fpm
12 12
33,000(70 )
F1 − F2 = = 645 lb
2062
b ≈ 25 in
a ≈ 5 in
R = 1900 lb
eR = F 1a + F2b
(8.75)(1900) = F 1 (5) + F2 (25)
F 1+5F2 = 3325 lb
645 + F 2+5F2 = 3325 lb
F2 = 447 lb
F1 = 645 + F2 = 645 + 447 = 1092 lb
(b) For heavy double leather belt

23
t= in
64
b = 11 in
Page 21 of 56
F1 1092
s= = = 276 psi
bt  20 
(11) 
 64 
 12 ρvs2  e fθ − 1 
(c) F1 − F2 = bt  s −  
 32.2  e fθ 
3581
vs = = 59.68 fps
60
ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.
 23   12(0.035)(59.68)  e fθ − 1 
645 = (11)  276 −  e fθ 
 64   32.2  
fθ = 1.241
D − D1 54 − 12
θ =π − 2 =π − = 2.092 rad
C 40
f (2.092 ) = 1.492
f = 0.60
RUBBER BELTS
854. A 5-ply rubber belt transmits 20 horsepower to drive a mine fan. An 8-in., motor
pulley turns 1150 rpm; D2 = 36 in ., fan pulley; C = 23 ft . (a) Design a rubber
belt to suit these conditions, using a net belt pull as recommended in §17.15,
Text. (b) Actually, a 9-in., 5-ply Goodrich high-flex rubber belt was used. What
are the indications for a good life?
Solution:
D2 − D1 36 − 8
(a) θ = π − =π − = 3.040 rad = 174o
C 23(12 )
Kθ = 0.976
bv N K
hp = m p θ
2400
Kθ = 0.976
πD n π (8)(1150)
vm = 1 1 = = 2409 fpm
12 12
Np = 5
b(2409 )(5)(0.976 )
hp = 20 =
2400
b = 4.1 in
min. b = 5 in
Page 22 of 56
(b) With b = 9 in is safe for good life.
855. A 20-in., 10-ply rubber belt transmits power from a 300-hp motor, running at 650
rpm, to an ore crusher. The center distance between the 33-in. motor pulley and
the 108-in. driven pulley is 18 ft. The motor and crusher are so located that the
belt must operate at an angle 75o with the horizontal. What is the overload
capacity of this belt if the rated capacity is as defined in §17.15, Text?
Solution:
bv N
hp = m p
2400
b = 20 in
πD n π (33)(650)
vm = 1 1 = = 5616 fpm
12 12
N p = 10
hp =
(20)(5616)(10 ) = 468 hp
2400
468 − 300
Overlaod Capacity = (100% ) = 56%
300
V-BELTS
NOTE: If manufacturer’s catalogs are available, solve these problems from catalogs as
well as from data in the Text.
856. A centrifugal pump, running at 340 rpm, consuming 105 hp in 24-hr service, is to
be driven by a 125-hp, 1180-rpm, compensator-started motor; C = 43 to 49 in .
Determine the details of a multiple V-belt drive for this installation. The B.F.
Goodrich Company recommended six C195 V-belts with 14.4-in. and 50-in.
sheaves; C ≈ 45.2 in .
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.2 + 0.2 = 1.4 (24 hr/day)
Design hp = N sf (transmitted hp) = (1.4)(125) = 175 hp
Fig. 17.4, 175 hp, 1180 rpm
Dmin = 13 in , D-section
D2 1180 50
= =
D1 340 14.4
use D1 = 14.4 in > 13 in
D2 = 50 in
Page 23 of 56
πD1n1 π (14.4)(1180 )
vm = = = 4449 fpm
12 12
  103  0.09 c vm2  vm
Rated hp = a  
 − K D − e 106  103
  vm  d 1 
Table 17.3, D-section
a = 18.788 , c = 137.7 , e = 0.0848
D
Table 17.4, 2 = 3.47
D1
K d = 1.14
  103 
0.09
137.7 (4449)  4449
2

Rated hp = 18.788  − (1.14)(14.4) − (0.0848) 106  103 = 28.294 hp

  4449  
Back to Fig. 17.14, C-section must be used.

a = 8.792 , c = 38.819 , e = 0.0416
  103  0.09 c v2  v
Rated hp = a  − − e m6  m3
  vm  K d D1 10  10

  103 
0 .09
38.819 (4449)  4449
2
Rated hp = 8.792  − − (0.0416)  = 20.0 hp
  4449  (1.14)(14.4) 106  103

Adjusted rated hp = Kθ K L (rated hp )

Table 17.5,
D2 − D1 50 − 14.4
= = 0.77
C 46
Kθ = 0.88
Table 17.6
(D − D1 )2
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) + 2
4C
L = 2(46) + 1.57(50 + 14.4) +

(50 − 14.4)
2
= 200 in
4(46)
use C195, L = 197.9 in
K L = 1.07
Adjusted rated hp = (0.88)(1.07 )(20) = 18.83 hp
Design hp 175
No. of belts = = = 9.3 belts use 9 belts
Adjusted rated hp 18.83
Use 9 , C195 V-belts with 14.4 in and 50 in sheaves
Page 24 of 56
B + B 2 − 32(D2 − D1 )
2
C=
16
B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(197.9) − 6.28(50 + 14.4) = 387.2 in
387.2 + (387.2)2 − 32(50 − 14.4)2
C= = 44.9 in
16
857. A 50-hp, 1160-rpm, AC split-phase motor is to be used to drive a reciprocating

pump at a speed of 330 rpm. The pump is for 12-hr. service and normally
requires 44 hp, but it is subjected to peak loads of 175 % of full load; C ≈ 50 in .
Determine the details of a multiple V-belt drive for this application. The Dodge
Manufacturing Corporation recommended a Dyna-V Drive consisting of six
5V1800 belts with 10.9-in. and 37.5-in. sheaves; C ≈ 50.2 in .
Solution:
Table 17.7, (12 hr/day)
N sf = 1.4 − 0.2 = 1.2
Design hp = (1.2)(1.75)(50) = 105 hp
Fig. 17.4, 105 hp, 1160 rpm
D2 1160 46.4
= ≈
D1 330 13.2
use D1 = 13.2 in > 13 in
D2 = 46.4 in
πD n π (13.2)(1160 )
vm = 1 1 = = 4009 fpm
12 12
  103  0.09 c vm2  vm
Rated hp = a  
 − K D − e 106  103
  vm  d 1 
a = 18.788 , c = 137.7 , e = 0.0848
D 46.4
Table 17.4, 2 = = 3 .5
D1 13.2
K d = 1.14
  103 
0.09
137.7 (4009)  4009
2
Rated hp = 18.788  − − (0.0848)  = 24.32 hp
  4009  (1.14)(13.2) 106  103

Back to Fig. 17.14, C-section must be used.

a = 8.792 , c = 38.819 , e = 0.0416
Dmin = 9 in
Page 25 of 56
D2 1160 32
= ≈
D1 330 9.1
use D1 = 9.1 in
πD n π (9.1)(1160 )
vm = 1 1 = = 2764 fpm
12 12
  103 
0.09
38.819 (2764)2  2764 = 10.96 hp
Rated hp = 8.792  − − (0.0416)
  2764  (1.14)(9.1) 106  103


Table 17.5,
D2 − D1 32 − 9.1
= = 0.458
C 50
Kθ = 0.935
Table 17.6
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
( D2 − D1 )
2
4C
L = 2(50) + 1.57(32 + 9.1) +

(32 − 9.1)2 = 167 in
4(50)
use C158, L = 160.9 in
K L = 1.02
Adjusted rated hp = (0.935)(1.02)(10.96) = 10.45 hp
Design hp 105
No. of belts = = = 10 belts
B + B 2 − 32(D2 − D1 )
2
C=
16
B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(160.9) − 6.28(32 + 9.1) = 385.5 in
385.5 + (385.5)2 − 32(32 − 9.1)2
C= = 46.8 in
16
Use 10-C158 belts, D1 = 9.1 in
D2 = 32 in , C = 46.8 in
858. A 200-hp, 600-rpm induction motor is to drive a jaw crusher at 125 rpm; starting
load is heavy; operating with shock; intermittent service; C = 113 to 123 in .
Recommend a multiple V-flat drive for this installation. The B.F. Goodrich
Company recommended eight D480 V-belts with a 26-in. sheave and a 120.175-
in. pulley; C ≈ 116.3 in .
Solution:
Page 26 of 56
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.6 − 0.2 = 1.4
hp = (1.4)(200) = 280 hp
Fig. 17.14, 280 hp, 600 rpm
Use Section E
But in Table 17.3, section E is not available, use section D
Dmin = 13
D2 600
= = 4 .8
D1 125
For D1max :
D + D2
min C = 1 + D1
2
D + 4.8 D1
113 = 1 + D1
2
D1 = 28 in
min C = D2
D2 = 113 in
113
D1 = = 23.5 in
4 .8
1
use D1 ≈ (13 + 23.5) = 18 in
2
D2 = (4.8)(18) = 86.4 in
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
(D2 − D1 )2
4C
L = 2(118) + 1.57(86.4 + 18) +

(86.4 − 18)
2
= 410 in
4(118)
using D1 = 19 in , D2 = 91.2 in , C = 118 in
L = 2(118) + 1.57(91.2 + 19) +

(91.2 − 19)
2
= 420 in
4(118)
Therefore use D420 sections
D1 = 19 in , D2 = 91.2 in
πD n π (19)(600)
vm = 1 1 = = 2985 fpm
12 12
  103  0.09 c v2  v
Rated hp = a  − − e m6  m3
  vm  K d D1 10  10

a = 18.788 , c = 137.7 , e = 0.0848
D
Table 17.4, 2 = 4.8
D1
Page 27 of 56
K d = 1.14
  103 
0.09
137.7 (2985)2  2985 = 29.6 hp
Rated hp = 18.788  − − (0.0848)
  2985  (1.14)(19) 106  103

Therefore, Fig. 17.14, section D is used.
Table 17.5,
D2 − D1 91.2 − 19
= = 0.612
C 118
Kθ = 0.83 (V-flat)
Table 17.6, D420
L = 420.8 in
K L = 1.12
Design hp 280
No. of belts = = = 10 belts
Use10 , D420, D1 = 19 in , D2 = 91.2 in , C = 118 in
859. A 150-hp, 700-rpm, slip-ring induction motor is to drive a ball mill at 195 rpm;
heavy starting load; intermittent seasonal service; outdoors. Determine all details
for a V-flat drive. The B.F. Goodrich Company recommended eight D270 V-
belts, 17.24-in sheave, 61-in. pully, C ≈ 69.7 in .
Solution:
Table 17.7,
N sf = 1.6 − 0.2 = 1.4
Design hp = (1.4)(150) = 210 hp
Fig. 17.4, 210 hp, 700 rpm
  103  0.09 c v2  v
Rated hp = a  − − e m6  m3
  vm  K d D1 10  10

d (hp )
For Max. Rated hp, =0
 vm 
d 3 
 10 
0.91 3
v  c  vm   vm 
Rated hp = a m3  −   − e 
 10  K d D1  103   103 
v
Let X = m3
10
Page 28 of 56
c
hp = aX 0.91 − X − eX 3
K d D1
v πD1n1 πD1 (700)
X = m3 = =
10 12 × 103 12 × 103
12 ×103 X
D1 =
700π
700πc
hp = aX 0.91 − 3
− eX 3
12 ×10 K d
d (hp )
= 0.91aX −0.09 − 3eX 2 = 0
d (X )
0.91a
X 2.09 =
3e
a = 18.788 , c = 137.7 , e = 0.0848
2.09
v  0.91(18.788)
X 2.09 =  m3  =
 10  3(0.0848)
vm = 7488 fpm
πD n
vm = 1 1 = 7488
12
πD (700)
vm = 1 = 7488
12
D1 = 40.86 in
max D1 = 40.86 in
1
ave. D1 = (13 + 40.86 ) = 26.93 in
2
use D1 = 22 in
D2 700 79
= ≈
D1 195 22
D1 = 22 in , D2 = 79 in
D + D2 22 + 79
Min. C = 1 + D1 = + 22 = 72.5 in
2 2
Or Min. C = D2 = 79 in
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
(D2 − D1 )2
4C
L = 2(79) + 1.57(79 + 22) +

(79 − 22)2 = 327 in
4(79)
use D330, L = 330.8 in
B + B 2 − 32(D2 − D1 )
2
C=
16
Page 29 of 56
B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(330.8) − 6.28(79 + 22) = 689 in

689 + (689)2 − 32(79 − 22)2
C= = 81.12 in
16
πD n π (22)(700)
vm = 1 1 = = 4032 fpm
12 12
K d = 1.14
  103 
0.09
137.7 (4032)  4032
2
 
Rated hp = 18.788  ( )
 − (1.14)(22 ) − 0.0848 106  103 = 39.124 hp
  4032  
Table 17.5,
D2 − D1 79 − 22
= = 0.70
C 81.12
Kθ = 0.84 (V-flat)
Table 17.6
D330
K L = 1.07
Adjusted rated hp = (0.84)(1.07 )(39.124 ) = 35.165 hp
Design hp 210
Use 6 , D330 V-belts , D1 = 22 in , D2 = 79 in , C ≈ 81.1 in
860. A 30-hp, 1160-rpm, squirrel-cage motor is to be used to drive a fan. During the
summer, the load is 29.3 hp at a fan speed of 280 rpm; during the winter, it is 24
hp at 238 rpm; 44 < C < 50 in .; 20 hr./day operation with no overload. Decide
upon the size and number of V-belts, sheave sizes, and belt length. (Data
courtesy of The Worthington Corporation.)
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.6 + 0.2 = 1.8
Design hp = (1.8)(30) = 54 hp
Speed of fan at 30 hp
30 − 24
n2 = (280 − 238) + 238 = 286 rpm
29.3 − 24
at 54 hp, 1160 rpm. Fig. 17.4
use either section C or section D
Minimum center distance:
C = D2
Page 30 of 56
D1 + D2
or C = + D1
2
D2 1160
= = 4.056
D1 286
use C = 4.056 D1
44 in < C < 50 in , use C = 47 in
47
D1max = = 11.6 in
4.056
use C-section, Dmin = 9 in
Let D1 = 10 in , D1 = 41 in
L ≈ 2C + 1.57(D2 + D1 ) +
( D2 − D1 )
2
4C
L = 2(47 ) + 1.57(41 + 10.1) +

(41 − 10.1)2 = 179.3 in
4(47 )
use C137, L = 175.9 in
B + B 2 − 32(D2 − D1 )
2
C=
16
B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(175.9) − 6.28(41 + 10.1) = 328.7 in
382.7 + (382.7 )2 − 32(41 − 10.1)2
C= = 45.2 in ≈ 44 in
16
C173, satisfies 44 in < C < 50 in
0.91 3
v  c  vm   vm 
Rated hp = a m3  −   − e 
 10  K d D1  103   103 
πD n π (10.1)(1160)
vm = 1 1 = = 3067 fpm
12 12
Table 17.4
D2
= 4.056 , K d = 1.14
D1
a = 8.792 , c = 38.819 , e = 0.0416
  103 
0.09
38.819 (3067 )2  3067 = 12.838 hp
Rated hp = 8.792  − − (0.0416)
  3067  (1.14)(10.1) 106  103

Table 17.5,
D2 − D1 41 − 10.1
= = 0.68
C 45.2
Kθ = 0.90
Page 31 of 56
Table 17.6
L = 175.9 , C173
K L = 1.04
Design hp 54
Use 5 , C173 V-belts , D1 = 10.1 in , D2 = 41 in
POWER CHAINS
NOTE: If manufacturer’s catalogs are available, solve these problems from catalogs as
well as from data in the Text.
861. A roller chain is to be used on a paving machine to transmit 30 hp from the 4-

cylinder Diesel engine to a counter-shaft; engine speed 1000 rpm, counter-shaft
speed 500 rpm. The center distance is fixed at 24 in. The cain will be subjected to
intermittent overloads of 100 %. (a) Determine the pitch and the number of
chains required to transmit this power. (b) What is the length of the chain
required? How much slack must be allowed in order to have a whole number of
pitches? A chain drive with significant slack and subjected to impulsive loading
should have an idler sprocket against the slack strand. If it were possible to
change the speed ratio slightly, it might be possible to have a chain with no
appreciable slack. (c) How much is the bearing pressure between the roller and
pin?
Solution:
(a) design hp = 2(30) = 60 hp intermittent

D2 n1 1000
≈ = =2
D1 n2 500
D2 = 2D1
D
C = D2 + 1 = 24 in
2
D
2 D1 + 1 = 24
2
D1 = 9.6 in
D2 = 2 D1 = 2(9.6 ) = 19.2 in
πD1n1 π (9.6 )(1000)

vm = = = 2513 fpm
12 12
Table 17.8, use Chain No. 35,
Limiting Speed = 2800 fpm
Page 32 of 56
Minimum number of teeth

Assume N1 = 21
N 2 = 2 N1 = 42
[Roller-Bushing Impact]
1.5
 100 N ts  0.8
hp = K r   P
 n 
Chain No. 35
3
P = in
8
N ts = 21
n = 1000 rpm
K r = 29
1.5 0.8
100(21)   3 
hp = 29    = 40.3 hp
 1000   8 
[Link Plate Fatigue]

hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P
 3
3− 0.07  
 3 8
hp = 0.004(21) (1000)  
1.08 0.9
= 2.91 hp
8
design hp 60
No. of strands = = = 21
rated hp 2.91
3
Use Chain No. 35, P = in , 21 strands
8
N + N 2 ( N 2 − N1 )
2
(b) L ≈ 2C + 1 + pitches
2 40C
24
C= = 64
 3
 
8
N1 = 21
N 2 = 42
21 + 42 (42 − 21)
2
L = 2(64) + + = 159.67 pitches ≈ 160 pitches
2 40(64 )
Amount of slack
1
(
h = 0.433 S 2 − L2 )
2
L = C = 24 in
Page 33 of 56
(160−159.67) 3 in
S = 24 in + 8  = 24.062 in
2
1
[
h = 0.433 (24.062) − (24)
2
]
2 2
= 0.75 in =
3
4
in
(c) pb = bearing pressure

Table 17.8, Chain No. 25
C = 0.141 in
3
E = in
16
J = 0.05 in
3 
A = C (E + 2 J ) = 0.141 + 2(0.05) = 0.04054 in 2
16 
FV
= 60 hp
33,000
F (2513)
= 60 hp
33,000
F = 787.9 lb
787.9
F= = 37.5 lb strand
21
37.5
pb = = 925 psi
0.04054
862. A conveyor is driven by a 2-hp high-starting-torque electric motor through a

flexible coupling to a worm-gear speed reducer, whose mw ≈ 35 , and then via a
roller chain to the conveyor shaft that is to turn about 12 rpm; motor rpm is 1750.
Operation is smooth, 8 hr./day. (a) Decide upon suitable sprocket sizes, center
distance, and chain pitch. Compute (b) the length of chain, (c) the bearing
pressure between the roller and pin. The Morse Chain Company recommended
15- and 60-tooth sprockets, 1-in. pitch, C = 24 in ., L = 88 pitches .
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.2 − 0.2 = 1.0 (8 hr/day)
design hp = 1.0(2) = 2.0 hp
1750
n1 = = 50 rpm
35
n2 = 12 rpm
Minimum number of teeth = 12
Page 34 of 56
Use N1 = 12
[Link Plate Fatigue]
hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P
hp 2 .0
P 3− 0.07 P ≈ P 3 = = = 1 .0
0.004(12 ) (50 )
1.08 0.9 1.08 0.9
0.004 N ts n
Use Chain No. 80, P = 1.0 in
To check for roller-bushing fatigue
1.5
 100 N ts  0.8
hp = K r   P
 n 
K r = 29
1.5
100(12 ) 
hp = 17  (1)0.8 = 2747 hp > 2 hp
 1000 
(a) N1 = 12
n   50 
N 2 =  1  N1 =  (12) = 50 teeth
 n2   12 
D
C = D2 + 1
2
PN1 (1.0 )(12 )
D1 ≈ = = 3.82 in
π π
D2 ≈
PN1
=
(1.0)(50) = 15.92 in
π π
3.82
C ≈ 15.92 + = 17.83 in
2
use C = 18 in
C = 18 pitches
chain pitch = 1.0 in, Chain No. 80
N1 + N 2 ( N 2 − N1 )
2
(b) L ≈ 2C + +
2 40C
12 + 59 (50 − 12)
2
L ≈ 2(18) + + = 69 pitches
2 40(18)
use L = 70 pitches

Table 17.8, Chain No. 80
C = 0.312 in
5
E = in
8
Page 35 of 56
J = 0.125 in
PN ts n1 (1)(12 )(50 )
vm = = = 50 fpm
12 12
3 
A = C (E + 2 J ) = 0.141 + 2(0.05) = 0.04054 in 2
16 
FV
= 60 hp
33,000
33,000(2 )
F= = 1320 lb
50
F 1320
pb = = = 4835 psi
C (E + 2 J ) 5 
0.312  + 2(0.125)
8 
863. A roller chain is to transmit 5 hp from a gearmotor to a wood-working machine,

with moderate shock. The 1-in output shaft of the gearmotor turns n = 500 rpm .
The 1 ¼-in. driven shaft turns 250 rpm; C ≈ 16 in . (a) Determine the size of
sprockets and pitch of chain that may be used. If a catalog is available, be sure
maximum bore of sprocket is sufficient to fit the shafts. (b) Compute the center
distance and length of chain. (c) What method should be used to supply oil to the
chain? (d) If a catalog is available, design also for an inverted tooth chain.
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.2
design hp = 1.2(5) = 6 hp
D2 500
= =2
D1 250
D
C = D2 + 1
2
D
16 = 2 D1 + 1
2
D1 = 6.4 in
D2 = 2 D1 = 2(6.4) = 12.8 in
πD n π (6.4)(500)
vm = 1 1 = = 838 fpm
12 12
(a) Link Plate Fatigue

hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P
πD π (6.4 ) 20.11
N ts = N1 ≈ 1 = =
P P P
Page 36 of 56
1.08
 20.11 
 (500 ) P
0.9 3− 0.07 P
hp = 0.004
 P 
6 = 27.47 P1.92−0.07 P
P = 0.45 in
1
use P = in , Chain No. 40
2
πD1 π (6.4)
N1 ≈ = = 40
P 1
 
2
N 2 = 2 N1 = 80
1
Size of sprocket, N1 = 40 , N 2 = 80 , P = in .
2
(b) C = 16 in
16 in
C= = 32 pitches
1
in
2
N1 + N 2 ( N 2 − N1 )
2
L ≈ 2C + +
2 40C
40 + 80 (80 − 40)
2
L ≈ 2(32) + + = 125.25 pitches
2 40(32)
use L = 126 pitches
(c) Method: vm = 838 fpm .

Use Type II Lubrication ( vmax = 1300 fpm ) – oil is supplied from a drip lubricator to link
plate edges.
864. A roller chain is to transmit 20 hp from a split-phase motor, turning 570 rpm, to a
reciprocating pump, turning at 200 rpm; 24 hr./day service. (a) Decide upon the
tooth numbers for the sprockets, the pitch and width of chain, and center
distance. Consider both single and multiple strands. Compute (b) the chain
length, (c) the bearing pressure between the roller and pin, (d) the factor of safety
against fatigue failure (Table 17.8), with the chain pull as the force on the chain.
(e) If a catalog is available, design also an inverted-tooth chain drive.
Solution:
Table 17.7
N sf = 1.4 + 0.2 (24 hr/day)
design hp = 1.6(20) = 32 hp
n 570
(a) 1 = = 2.85
n2 200
Page 37 of 56
D2 n1
≈ = 2.85
D1 n2
Considering single strand
hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P
min N ts = 17
hp = 32 = 0.004(17 ) (570)0.9 P 3−0.07 P
1.08
P 3− 0.07 P = 1.24
P = 1.07 in
use P = 1.0 in
3− 0.07 (1)
hp = 32 = 0.004( N1 ) (570 ) (1)
1.08 0.9
N1 = 21
 570 
N2 =  (21) = 60
 200 
5
Roller width = in
8
D
C = D2 + 1
2
PN1 (1)(21)
D1 ≈ = = 6.685 in
π π
D2 ≈
PN 2
=
(1)(60) = 19.10 in
π π
6.685
C = 19.10 + = 22.44 in
2
Use C = 23 in
23
C= pitches
1
Considering multiple strands
1
Assume, P = in
2
1.08 0.9 3− 0.07 P
hp = 0.004 N ts n P
hp = 0.004(21)
1.08
(570)0.9 (0.5)3−0.07 (0.5) = 4.148 hp
32 hp
No. of strands = = 7 .7
4.148 hp
Use 8 strands
(b) Chain Length

N1 + N 2 ( N 2 − N1 )
2
L ≈ 2C + +
2 40C
Page 38 of 56
21 + 60 (60 − 21)
2
L ≈ 2(23) + + = 88.15 pitches
2 40(23)
use L = 88 pitches

Table 17.8, P = 1 in
5
E = in
8
J = 0.125 in
C = 0.312 in
33,000hp
F=
vm
πD n π (6.685)(570)
vm = 1 1 = = 998 fpm
12 12
33,000(32 )
F= = 1058 lb
998
F 1058
pb = = = 3876 psi
C (E + 2 J ) 5 
0.312  + 2(0.125)
8 
Fu
(d) Factor of Safety = , based on fatigue
4F
Fu = 14,500 lb , Table 17.8

F 14,500
Factor of Safety = u = = 3.43
4 F 4(1058)
865. A 5/8-in. roller chain is used on a hoist to lift a 500-lb. load through 14 ft. in 24
sec. at constant velocity. If the load on the chain is doubled during the speed-up
period, compute the factor of safety (a) based on the chain’s ultimate strength, (b)
based on its fatigue strength. (c) At the given speed, what is the chain’s rated
capacity ( N s = 20 teeth ) in hp? Compare with the power needed at the constant
speed. Does it look as though the drive will have a “long” life?
Solution:
Table 17.8
5
P = in
8
Fu = 6100 lb
Page 39 of 56
Fu
(a) Factor of Safety =
F
F = (500)(2 ) = 1000 lb
6100
Factor of Safety = = 6 .1
1000
F
(b) Factor of Safety = u (fatigue)
4F
6100
Factor of Safety = = 1.5
4(1000)
14 ft  60 sec 
(c) vm =   = 35 fpm
24 sec  1 min 
N s = 20
5
P = in
8
Rated hp = 0.004 N ts1.08 n 0.9 P 3−0.07 P [Link Plate Fatigue]
5
 (20)n
PN s n  8 
vm = = = 35 fpm
12 12
n = 33.6 rpm
5
3− 0.07  
0.9  5  8
Rated hp = 0.004(20) (33.6 )  
1.08
= 0.6 hp
8
Hp needed at constant speed
hp =
Fvm
=
(500)(35) = 0.53 hp < 0.6 hp
33,000 33,000
Therefore safe for “long” life.
WIRE ROPES
866. In a coal-mine hoist, the weight of the cage and load is 20 kips; the shaft is 400
ft. deep. The cage is accelerated from rest to 1600 fpm in 6 sec. A single 6 x 19,
IPS, 1 ¾-in. rope is used, wound on an 8-ft. drum. (a) Include the inertia force
but take the static view and compute the factor of safety with and without
allowances for the bending load. (b) If N = 1.35 , based on fatigue, what is the
expected life? (c) Let the cage be at the bottom of the shaft and ignore the effect
of the rope’s weight. A load of 14 kips is gradually applied on the 6-kip cage.
How much is the deflection of the cable due to the load and the additional energy
absorbed? (d) For educational purposes and for a load of 0.2 Fu , compute the
energy that this 400-ft rope can absorb and compare it with that for a 400-ft., 1
¾-in., as-rolled-1045 steel rod. Omit the weights of the rope and rod. What is the
energy per pound of material in each case?
Page 40 of 56
Solution:
(a)
 1 min 
(1600 fpm ) 
v2 − v1  60 sec  = 4.445 fps 2
a= =
t 6 sec
Wh = 20 kips
For 6 x 19 IPS,
w ≈ 1.6 Dr2 lb ft
 400 
wL = 1.6 Dr2  2
 kips = 0.64 Dr kips
 1000 
Ft − wL − Wh = ma
20 + 0.64 Dr2
m=
32.2
 20 + 0.64 Dr2 
Ft − 0.64 Dr2 − 20 =  (4.445)
 32.2 
2
Ft = 22.76 + 0.73Dr
3
Dr = 1 in
4
2
 3
Ft = 22.76 + 0.731  = 25 kips
 4
F − Fb
N= u
Ft
Table AT 28, IPS
Fu ≈ 42 Dr2 tons
Fu = 42(1.75) = 129 tons = 258 kips
2
with bending load

Fb = sb Am
EDw
sb =
Ds
Page 41 of 56
EAm Dw
Fb =
Ds
Table At 28, 6 x 19 Wire Rope
Dw = 0.067 Dr = 0.067(1.75) = 0.11725 in
Ds = 8 ft = 96 in
E = 30,000 ksi
Am ≈ 0.4 Dr2
Am = 0.4(1.75) = 1.225 sq in
2
Fb =
(30,000)(1.225)(0.11725) = 45 kips
(96)
F − Fb 258 − 45
N= u = = 8.52
Ft 25
without bending load
F 258
N= u = = 10.32
Ft 25
(b) N = 1.35 on fatigue

IPS, su ≈ 260 ksi
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
(1.75)(96) = 2(1.35)(25)
( p su )(260)
p su = 0.0015
Fig. 17.30, 6 x 19 IPS
Number of bends to failure = 7 x 105
FL
(c) δ =
Am Er
Am = 1.225 sq in
Er ≈ 12,000 ksi (6 x 19 IPS)
F = 14 kips
L = 400 ft = 4800 in
δ=
(14)(4800) = 4.57 in
(1.225)(12,000)
1 1
U = Fδ = (14 )(4.57 ) = 32 in − kips
2 2
(d) F = 0.2 Fu = 0.2(258) = 51.6 kips
Page 42 of 56
FL
δ=
Am Er
δ=
(51.6)(4800) = 16.85 in
(1.225)(12,000)
1 1
U = Fδ = (51.6 )(16.85) = 434 in − kips
2 2
For 1 ¾ in, as-rolled 1045 steel rod
su = 96 ksi
π 
Fu = su A = (96 ) (1.75) = 230.9 kips
2
4
F = 0.2 Fu = 0.2(230.9) = 46.2 kips
FL
δ=
AE
δ=
(46.2)(4800 ) = 3.073 in
π 
 (1.75) (30,000 )
2
4
1 1
U = Fδ = (46.2 )(3.073) = 71 in − kips < U of wire rope.
2 2
868. A hoist in a copper mine lifts ore a maximum of 2000 ft. The weight of car, cage,
and ore per trip is 10 kips, accelerated in 6 sec. to 2000 fpm; drum diameter is 6
ft. Use a 6 x 19 plow-steel rope. Determine the size (a) for a life of 200,000
cycles and N = 1.3 on the basis of fatigue, (b) for N = 5 by equation (v), §17.25,
Text. (c) What is the expected life of the rope found in (b) for N = 1.3 on the
basis of fatigue? (d) If a loaded car weighing 7 kips can be moved gradually onto
the freely hanging cage, how much would the rope stretch? (e) What total energy
is stored in the rope with full load at the bottom of te shaft? Neglect the rope’s
weight for this calculation. (f) Compute the pressure of the rope on the cast-iron
drum. Is it reasonable?
Solution:
 1 min 
(2000 fpm ) 
a=
v2 − v1
=  60 sec  = 5.56 fps 2
t 6 sec
Page 43 of 56
For 6 x 19 IPS,
w ≈ 1.6 Dr2 lb ft
 2000 
wL = 1.6 Dr2  2
 1000 
Wh = 10 kips
 wL + Wh 
Ft − wL − Wh =  a
 32.2 
 a   5.56 
Ft =  + 1(wL + Wh ) =  ( ) (
+ 1 3.2 Dr2 + 10 = 1.17267 3.2 Dr2 + 10 )
 32 . 2   32 . 2 
2 NFt
(a) Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Fig. 17.30, 200,000 cycles, 6 x 19
p su = 0.0028
PS: su ≈ 225 ksi
Ds = 6 ft = 72 in
N = 1 .3
Dr (72) =
(
2(1.3)(1.17267 ) 3.2 Dr2 + 10 )
(0.0028)(225)
45.36 Dr = 9.7566 Dr2 + 30.49
Dr2 − 4.64916 Dr + 3.1251 = 0
Dr = 0.815 in
7
say Dr = in
8
(b) by N = 5 , Equation (v)

F − Fb
N= u
Ft
EDw
sb =
Ds
Dw = 0.067 Dr
sb =
(30,000)(0.067 Dr ) = 27.92 D
r
72
Fb = sb Am
Am = 0.4 Dr2
Fb = (27.92 Dr )(0.4 Dr2 ) = 11.17 Dr3
Fu = 36 Dr2 tons for PS
Fu = 72 Dr2 kips
Fu − Fb = NFt
Page 44 of 56
72 Dr2 − 11.17 Dr3 = (5)(1.17267 )(3.2 Dr2 + 10)

72 Dr2 − 11.17 Dr3 = (5.8634)(3.2 Dr2 + 10)
Dr = 1.216 in
1
use Dr = 1 in
4
2 NFt
(c) Dr Ds =
( p su )su
(1.25)(72) = 2(1.3)(1.17267 )[3.2(1.25) ]
2
+ 10
( p su )(225)
p su = 0.00226
Fig. 17.20
Expected Life = 3 x 105 cycles
(d) F = 7 kips
Er = 12,000 ksi
L = 2000 ft = 24,000 in
7
For (a) Dr = in
8
FL
δ=
Am Er
2
7
Am ≈ 0.4 Dr3 = 0.4  = 0.30625 sq in
8
δ=
(7 )(24,000) = 45.7 in
(0.30625)(12,000)
1
For (b) Dr = 1 in
4
FL
δ=
Am Er
2
3  1
Am ≈ 0.4 D = 0.41  = 0.625 sq in
r
 4
δ=
(7 )(24,000) = 22.4 in
(0.625)(12,000)
1 1
(e) For (a) U = Fδ = (7 )(45.7 ) = 160 in − kips
2 2
1 1
For (b) U = Fδ = (7 )(22.4 ) = 78.4 in − kips
2 2
(f) Limiting pressure, cast-iron sheaves, 6 x19, p = 500 psi .
Page 45 of 56
For (a) p su = 0.0028

p = 0.0028(225) = 0.630 kips = 630 psi > 500 psi , not reasonable.
For (b) p su = 0.00226
p = 0.00226(225) = 0.5085 kips = 508.5 psi ≈ 500 psi , reasonable.
869. For a mine hoist, the cage weighs 5900 lb., the cars 2100 lb., and the load of coal
in the car 2800 lb.; one car loaded loaded at a time on the hoist. The drum
diameter is 5 ft., the maximum depth is 1500 ft. It takes 6 sec. to accelerate the
loaded cage to 3285 fpm. Decide on a grade of wire and the kind and size of rope
on the basis of (a) a life of 2× 105 cycles and N = 1.3 against fatigue failure, (b)
static consideration (but not omitting inertia effect) and N = 5 . (c) Make a final
recommendation. (d) If the loaded car can be moved gradually onto the freely
hanging cage, how much would the rope stretch? (e) What total energy has the
rope absorbed, fully loaded at the bottom of the shaft? Neglect the rope’s weight
for this calculation. (f) Compute the pressure of the rope on the cast-iron drum. Is
it all right?
Solution:
Wh = 5900 + 2100 + 2800 = 10,800 lb = 10.8 kips
(3285 fpm) 1 min 

a=
v2 − v1
=  60 sec  = 9.125 fps 2
t 6 sec
 wL + Wh 
Ft − wL − Wh =  a
 32.2 
Assume 6 x 19 IPS,
w ≈ 1.6 Dr2 lb ft
 1500 
wL = 1.6 Dr2  2
 1000 
 a   9.125 
Ft =  + 1(wL + Wh ) =  + 1(2.4 Dr2 + 10 ) = 3.08 Dr2 + 13.86
 32.2   32.2 
5
(a) Fig. 17.30, 2 x 10 cycles
p su = 0.0028
Page 46 of 56
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Ds = 5 ft = 60 in
Ds ≈ 45 Dr
60
Dr max = = 1.33 in
45
1
use Dr = 1 in
4
2
 1
Ft = 3.081  + 13.86 = 18.67 kips
 4
2(1.3)(18.67 )
su = = 231 ksi
 1
(0.0028)1 (60 )
 4
1
Use Plow Steel, 6 x 19 Wire Rope, Dr = 1 in .
4
Fu − Fb
(b) N =
Ft
EDw
sb =
Ds
 1
Dw = 0.067 Dr = 0.0671  = 0.08375 in
 4
Ds = 60 in
E = 30,000 ksi
sb =
(30,000)(0.08375) = 41.875 ksi
60
2
 1
Am = 0.4 D = 0.41  = 0.625 in 2
2
r
 4
Fb = sb Am = (41.875)(0.625) = 26.17 kips
N =5
Fu = NFt + Fb = (5)(18.67 ) + 26.17 = 119.52 kips = 59.76 tons
Fu 59.76
= = 38.25
Dr  1  2
2
1 
 4
Table AT 28,
Fu
Use IPS, 6 x 19, = 42 > 38.25
Dr2
Page 47 of 56
(c) Recommendation:
1
6 x 19, improved plow steel, Dr = 1 in
4
FL
(d) δ =
Am Er
F = 2100 + 2800 = 4900 lb
Er ≈ 12× 106 psi
L = 1500 ft = 18,000 in
δ=
(4900)(18,000) = 11.76 in
(0.625)(12 ×106 )
1 1
(e) U = Fδ = (4900 )(11.76 ) = 28,800 in − lb
2 2
(f) p su = 0.0028
su = 231 ksi
p = 0.0028(231,000) = 646.8 psi
For cast-iron sheave, limiting pressure is 500 psi
p = 646.8 psi > 500 psi , not al right.
870. The wire rope of a hoist with a short lift handles a total maximum load of 14 kips
each trip. It is estimated that the maximum number of trips per week will be
1000. The rope is 6 x 37, IPS, 1 3/8 in. in diameter, with steel core. (a) On the
basis of N = 1 for fatigue, what size drum should be used for a 6-yr. life? (n)
Because of space limitations, the actual size used was a 2.5-ft. drum. What is the
factor of safety on a static basis? What life can be expected ( N = 1 )?
Solution:
(a)
 365 days  1 wk  1000 trips 
No. of cycles = (6 yr )    = 312,857 cycles ≈ 3 × 105 cycles
 1 yr  7 days  1 wk 
Figure 17.30, 6 x 37, IPS
p su = 0.00225
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
For IPS, su ≈ 260 ksi
Ft = 14 kips
N = 1 .0
Dr = 1.375 in
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Page 48 of 56
2(1.0)(14)
(1.375)Ds =
(0.00225)(260)
Ds = 34.8 in
(b) Ds = 2 ft = 30 in
Static Basis
F − Fb
N= u
Ft
Table AT 28, 6 x 37
Dw ≈ 0.048Dr = 0.048(1.375) = 0.066 in
Am ≈ 0.4 Dr2 = 0.4(1.375) = 0.75625 in 2
2
Fu = su Am = (260)(0.75625) = 196.6 kips

EDw Am (30,000 )(0.066 )(0.75625)
Fb = sb Am = = = 49.9 kips
Ds 30
F − Fb 196.6 − 49.9
N= u = = 10.5
Ft 10.5
Life: N = 1.0 (fatigue)
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
(1.375)(30) = 2(1.0)(14)
( p su )(260)
p su = 0.0026
Figure 17.30, Life ≈ 2.5 × 105 cycles , 6 x 37.
871. A wire rope passes about a driving sheave making an angle of contact of 540o, as
shown. A counterweight of 3220 lb. is suspended from one side and the
acceleration is 4 fps2. (a) If f = 0.1 , what load may be noised without slipping on
the rope? (b) If the sheave is rubber lined and the rope is dry, what load may be
raised without slipping? (c) Neglecting the stress caused by bending about the
sheave, find the size of 6 x 19 MPS rope required for N = 6 and for the load
found in (a). (d) Compute the diameter of the sheave for indefinite life with say
N = 1.1 on fatigue. What changes could be made in the solution to allow the use
of a smaller sheave?
Page 49 of 56
Problems 871 – 874.

Solution:
 4 fps 2 
F2 = (3220 lb )1 −  = 2820 lb
2 
 32.2 fps 
(a) F1 = F2 e fθ
θ = 540o = 3π
f = 0.10
F1 = (2820)e (0.10 )(3π ) = 7237 lb
(b) For rubber lined, dry rope

f = 0.495
F1 = (2820)e (0.495 )(3π ) = 249,466 lb
(c) Ft = F1 = 7237 lb
F − (Fb ≈ 0 ) Fu
N= u =
Ft Ft
Fu ≈ 32 Dr2 tons for MPS
Fu ≈ 64 Dr2 kips
Fu = 64,000 Dr2 lb
Fu = NFt
64,000 Dr2 = (6)(7237 )
Dr = 0.824 in
use Dr = 0.875 in
Page 50 of 56
2 NFt
(d) Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Indefinite life, p su = 0.0015
MPS: su ≈ 195 ksi = 195,000 psi
(0.875)Ds = 2(1.1)(7237 )
(0.0015)(195,000)
Ds = 62.2 in
To reduce the size of sheave, increase the size of rope.
872. A traction elevator with a total weight of 8 kips has an acceleration of 3 fps2; the
6 cables pass over the upper sheave twice, the lower one once, as shown..
Compute the minimum weight of counterweight to prevent slipping on the
driving sheave if it is (a) iron with a greasy rope, (b) iron with a dry rope, (c)
rubber lined with a greasy rope. (d) Using MPS and the combination in (a),
decide upon a rope and sheave size that will have indefinite life ( N = 1 will do).
(e) Compute the factor of safety defined in the Text. (f) If it were decided that
5× 105 bending cycles would be enough life, would there be a significant
difference in the results?
Solution:
 3 fps 2 
F1 = (8 kips )1 +  = 8.745 kips
2 
 32.2 fps 
θ = 3(180o ) = 3π
F
F2 = f1θ
e
Wc = weight of counterweight
F2
Wc = = 1.10274 F2
3
1−
32.2
1.10274 F1
Wc =
e fθ
(a) Iron sheave, greasy rope, f = 0.07
1.10274(8.745)
Wc = = 4.986 kips
e (0.07 )(3π )
(b) Iron sheave, dry rope, f = 0.12
1.10274(8.745)
Wc = = 3.112 kips
e (0.12 )(3π )
(c) Rubber lined with a greasy rope, f = 0.205
1.10274(8.745)
Wc = = 1.397 kips
e (0.205 )(3π )
Page 51 of 56
2 NFt
(d) Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Ft = F1 = 8.745 kips total
8.745
Ft = = 1.458 kips each rope
6
Ft = 1458 lbs
N =1
Table AT 28, 6 x 19
Ds ≈ 45 Dr
2(1)(1458)
Dr (45Dr ) =
(0.0015)(195,000)
Dr = 0.47 in
1
Use Dr = in = 0.5 in
2
Fu − Fb
(e) N =
Ft
Table AT 28, MPS
Fu = 32 Dr2 tons = 64,000 Dr2 lb = 64,000(0.5) lb = 16,000 lb
2
EDw Am
Fb =
Ds
E = 30× 106 psi
6 x 19, Dw = 0.067 Dr
Ds ≈ 45 Dr
Am = 0.4 Dr2 = 0.4(0.5) = 0.1 sq. in.
2
Fb =
(30 ×10 )(0.067 )(0.1) = 4467 lb
6
45
16,000 − 4467
N= = 7.91
1458
(f) 5 x 105 cycles

Fig. 17.30, 6 x 19.
p su = 0.0017
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Page 52 of 56
2(1)(1458)
Dr (45Dr ) =
(0.0017)(195,000)
Dr = 0.44 in
since Dr = 0.44 in ≈ 0.47 in as in (d), therefore, no significant difference will result.
873. A 5000-lb. elevator with a traction drive is supported by a 6 wire ropes, each
passing over the driving sheave twice, the idler once, as shown. Maximum values
are 4500-lb load, 4 fps2 acceleration during stopping. The brake is applied to a
drum on the motor shaft, so that the entire decelerating force comes on the
cables, whose maximum length will be 120 ft. (a) Using the desirable Ds in
terms of Dr , decide on the diameter and type of wire rope. (b) For this rope and
N = 1.05 , compute the sheave diameter that would be needed for indefinite life.
(c) Compute the factor of safety defined in the Text for the result in (b). (d)
Determine the minimum counterweight to prevent slipping with a dry rope on an
iron sheave. (e) Compute the probable life of the rope on the sheave found in (a)
and recommend a final choice.
Solution:
(a)
Ft = 4500 lb
Wh = 5000 lb
 W + wL 
Wh + wL − Ft =  h a
 32.2 
assume 6 x 19
w = 1.6 Dr2 lb ft
wL = (1.6 Dr2 )(120) = 192 Dr2 per rope
wL = 6(192 Dr2 ) = 1152 Dr2
 5000 + 1152 Dr2 
5000 + 1152 D − 4500 = 
2
r
(4)
 32 .2 
2 2
1152 Dr + 500 = 621.12 + 143.11Dr
Dr = 0.3465 in
3
say Dr = 0.375 in = in
8
Page 53 of 56
 3 7
Ds ≈ 45 Dr = 45  = 16 in
8 8
3
Six – 6 x 19 rope, Dr = in
8
3
(a) Dr = 0.375 in = in
8
4500
Ft = = 750 lb
6
N = 1.05
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
assume IPS, su = 260 ksi = 260,000 psi
(0.375)Ds = 2(1.05)(750)
(0.0015)(260,000)
Ds = 10.77 in
Fu − Fb
(c) N =
Ft
Ft = 750 lb
IPS
2
2 2 3
Fu ≈ 42 D tons = 84,000 D lb = 84,000  lb = 11,813 lb
r r
8
EDw Am
Fb =
Ds
6 x 19,
Ds = 10.77 in as in (b)
3
Dw = 0.067 Dr = 0.067  = 0.025 in
8
2
23
Am = 0.4 D = 0.4  = 0.05625 sq. in.
r
8
6
E = 30× 10 psi
Fb =
(30 ×10 )(0.025)(0.05625) = 3917 lb
6
10.77
Page 54 of 56
11,813 − 3917
N= = 10.53
750
(c) F1 = Ft = 4500 lb
F1 = F2 e fθ
For iron sheave, dry rope, f = 0.12
θ = 540o = 3π
F1 4500
F2 = fθ
= (0.12 )(3π ) = 1452 lb
e e
 a 
CW 1 +  = F2
 32.2 
 4 
CW 1 +  = 1452
 32.2 
CW = 1291 lb
874. A traction elevator has a maximum deceleration of 5 fps2 when being braked on
the downward motion with a total load of 10 kips. There are 5 cables that pass
twice over the driving sheave. The counterweight weighs 8 kips. (a) Compute the
minimum coefficient of friction needed between ropes and sheaves for no
slipping. Is a special sheave surface needed? (b) What size 6 x 19 mild-plow-
steel rope should be used for N = 4 , including the bending effect? (Static
approach.) (c) What is the estimated life of these ropes ( N = 1 )?
Solution:
a = 8.05 fps 2
(a) F1 = 10 kips
 8.05 
F2 = (8 kips )1 −  = 6 kips
 32.2 
θ = 3π
F1
= e fθ
F2
Page 55 of 56
10
= e f (3π )
6
f = 0.0542
Special sheave surface is needed for this coefficient of friction, §17.21.

F − Fb
(b) N = u
Ft
10
Ft = = 2 kips
5
EDw Am
Fb =
Ds
Table AT 28, 6 x 19, MPS

Dw = 0.067 Dr
Ds ≈ 45 Dr
Am ≈ 0.4 Dr2
E = 30× 106 psi
Fb =
(30 ×10 )(0.067 D )(0.4 D ) = 17.87 D
6
r
2
r 2
kips
r
45Dr
Fu ≈ 32 Dr2 tons = 64 Dr2 kips
64 Dr2 − 17.87 Dr2
N =4=
2
Dr = 0.4164 in
7
use Dr = in
16
7
(c) Ds ≈ 45 Dr = 45  = 20 in
 16 
2 NFt
Dr Ds =
( p su )su
Ft = 2 kips each rope
MPS, su = 195 ksi
N = 1 .0
7 2(1.0)(2)
 (20) =
 16  ( p su )(195)
p su = 0.0023
Expected life, Figure 17.30, 3 x 105 bending cycles.
- end -
Page 56 of 56

Section 15 PDF

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Section 15 PDF

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

SECTION 15 – FLEXIBLE POWER-TRANSMITTING ELEMENTS

841. A belt drive is to be designed for F1 F2 = 3 , while transmitting 60 hp at 2700

(a) Table 17.1, Medium Double Ply,

(b) ALBA Procedure

(c) General belt equation

843. A 100-hp squirrel-cage, line-starting electric motor is used to drive a Freon

reasonable compared to Taylor’s recommendation?

(b) §17.6, sd = 400η

(d) F1 = 1936 lb , F2 = 968 lb

844. A 50-hp compensator-started motor running at 585 rpm drives a reciprocating

(b) General Belt Equation

L = 2(6 )(12) + 1.57(70 + 13) +

(a) For medium double leather belt

(d) s = 200 psi

L = 2(54) + 1.57(54 + 14) +

847. A motor is driving a centrifugal compressor through a 6-in. heavy, single-ply

(d) ALBA Tables (Table 17.1 and 17.2)

hp = (6.965)(6)(1.0 )(0.6)(0.74) = 18.6 hp < 26.65 hp

(c) Table 17.7

Life of belt, not continuous, 60 hp > 38.7 hp .

d (hp ) 60bt  e fθ − 1   12 ρvs2  24 ρvs2 

(a) s = 400 psi

(b) s = 320 psi

(c) Larger than those mentioned in §17.9 (4000 – 4500 fpm)

(d) Rubber belt, ρ = 0.045 lb cu. in.

(a) s = 400 psi

Therefore, speeds for a rubber belt is smaller.

AUTOMATIC TENSION DEVICES

851. An ammonia compressor is driven by a 100-hp synchronous motor that turns

ρ = 0.035 lb cu. in.

Without tension pulley

(b) For heavy double leather belt

(b) With b = 9 in is safe for good life.

Back to Fig. 17.14, C-section must be used.

Adjusted rated hp = Kθ K L (rated hp )

L = 2(46) + 1.57(50 + 14.4) +

Use 9 , C195 V-belts with 14.4 in and 50 in sheaves

857. A 50-hp, 1160-rpm, AC split-phase motor is to be used to drive a reciprocating

Back to Fig. 17.14, C-section must be used.

Adjusted rated hp = Kθ K L (rated hp )

L = 2(50) + 1.57(32 + 9.1) +

L = 2(118) + 1.57(86.4 + 18) +

L = 2(118) + 1.57(91.2 + 19) +

Use10 , D420, D1 = 19 in , D2 = 91.2 in , C = 118 in

L = 2(79) + 1.57(79 + 22) +

B = 4 L − 6.28(D2 + D1 ) = 4(330.8) − 6.28(79 + 22) = 689 in

Use 6 , D330 V-belts , D1 = 22 in , D2 = 79 in , C ≈ 81.1 in

L = 2(47 ) + 1.57(41 + 10.1) +

Use 5 , C173 V-belts , D1 = 10.1 in , D2 = 41 in

861. A roller chain is to be used on a paving machine to transmit 30 hp from the 4-

(a) design hp = 2(30) = 60 hp intermittent

πD1n1 π (9.6 )(1000)

Minimum number of teeth

[Link Plate Fatigue]

(c) pb = bearing pressure

862. A conveyor is driven by a 2-hp high-starting-torque electric motor through a

(c) pb = bearing pressure

863. A roller chain is to transmit 5 hp from a gearmotor to a wood-working machine,

(a) Link Plate Fatigue

(c) Method: vm = 838 fpm .

(b) Chain Length

(c) pb = bearing pressure

Fu = 14,500 lb , Table 17.8