Value

(n.) the regard that something is held to deserve; the importance, worth, usefulness of something, and
the corresponding monetary and material worth of it.
Why is this piece of "ruined" artwork so valuable?
What gives a work of art its value?
Why are people willing to spend a vast amount of money on something
that is not practically used in their lives?
Is there such a saying that an artwork has a value that is objectively
approved by all of the people?
< How Can Knowledge Objectively Judge

Value ? >
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
< How Can Knowledge Objectively Judge

Value ? >
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
< How Can Knowledge Objectively Judge

Value ? >
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
< How Can Knowledge Objectively Judge

Value ? >
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
 How does knowledge establish judgements?

Claim: Knowledge
Claim: Knowledge comes
comes primarily
primarily
from sensory
from sensory experiences.
experiences.
Counter-claim: The
Counter-claim: The criterion
criterion of
of truth
truth is
is
not sensory
not sensory but
but intellectual
intellectual reasoning.
reasoning.
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
 Claim: Knowledge comes primarily from sensory experiences.

Empiricism
“no man's knowledge can go beyond his experiences.
a direct observation of or participation of events as a basis of knowledge.
Counter-claim: The criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual reasoning.

Rationalism
“any view appealing to reason is the only source of
knowledge or justification.
the action of showing something to be right or reasonable..
 How is objectivity determined by knowledge?

Claim: Only
Claim: Only experts
experts have
have the
the requisite
requisite
knowledge to
knowledge to judge
judge value.
value.
Counter-claim: Knowers
Counter-claim: Knowers also
also hold
hold the
the
ability to
ability to judge
judge value.
value.
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
Claim: Only experts have the requisite knowledge to judge value

Peer Review
“ensures the relative subjectivity and reliability
of the statement or the claim.
Coffee industry

Institutes
Criteria

baristas

General Public
Counter-claim: The criterion of truth is not sensory but intellectual reasoning.

Authority Bias
what you perceive as rights might be someone else's wrong ”
Coffee industry

Institutes
Criteria

baristas

General Public
Personal Preference
Evaluation
Evaluation
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
KC1: Empiricism

Unable to gain knowledge that is out of scope. Reasoning involves emotional m

Evaluation
Discoveries of knowledge is limited. Emotion is the basis of Re

Evaluation
Presented by: Cicylia Fan & Lucy Han
The huge volume of peer review Personal knowledge could
Do not have enough generalizability “Ignorance is bliss
Knowers variability hinders

KC2: Experts
 Conclusion
KC&CC1: Empiricism vs. Rationalism KC&CC2: Experts vs. Know

Reason is based on emotion, Shared knowledge and personal know

so there is an interaction between each other a dynamic relationship as they shape

Limitations caused by variables Human error and distortio

Interrelated/Dynamic relationship
i.e. They could influence each other.
Objective value does not exist in real life.
Value is subjective to each individual, depending on their variability.
All values are granted by human beings.
Significance of RLS
Significance of RLS

https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1638472733731366842&wfr=spider&for=pc
《 Collective Unconsciousness 》
—— Gustave Le Bon

- Follow the crowd

- Chase after superficial vanity unconsciously

Significance of Conclusion
Under relatively unified rules, people demonstrate and judge
value based on different ways of knowing and areas of
knowledge, with limitations of bias and variabilities for each
individual.
 Works Cited

Brainyquote.
www.brainyquote.com/quotes/david_
hume_399025.

Coffee Quality Institute.

www.coffeeinstitute.org/our-work/a_common_