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Wheels and Tyre.ppt

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Wheels and Tyres

Presented by:
D.Lakhan das
11C81A0321

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PARTS OF A WHEEL: Rim Hub

! Hub

! Rim

! Spider made of spokes

! Tyre

Spider web spokes

TYPES OF WHEELS:

! Disc wheel with air cooling

holes.

! Spoked wheel with Tangential

spoking.

WHEEL – BASICS:
! @ost standard wheels are made of steel.

! Some vehicles are fitted with

alloy wheels that are made of
magnesium or aluminium.
! The rim holds the tyre.
The well of the wheel allows the Rim
tyre to be removed and refitted

! The centre section is

welded to the rim.

! The pilot bore fits to the hub.

Centre mounting section
Next >

TYPES OF
" All
oyWhe el
s–At
trac
tiveandl
ightwei
ght
,butc
anbedi
fficul
t
WHEELS:
tocl
ean.

" SpokedWheel
s–Usedonol
ders
por
tsvehi
cles
,butc
annotbe
fitt
edwitht
ubele
sst
yre
s.

" Dividedr i
ms–ther
imsaremadeintwohal
veswhi
charebol
ted
toge
t her
,theri
msmus tneverbeseparat
edwhilet
het yre
i
si nflat ed.

" Spl
itri
ms–thetyrei
she l
dinpl
acebyalar
geci
rcl
ip,donot
removethetyreunlessyouhavebeenproperl
yt rai
ned

WHEEL SIZES:
! The wheel si!es are indicated by three
measurements"Rim dia#rim width#flange
height$

! @easurements are e%pressed in inches

! & letter or a combination of letters are

used to indicate the flange height

! 'ommonly used letters are

()*.+*#(,)*.-N#,)*.--#/)*.01

WHEEL @!T T"#$!E:

! 'orrect tor2ue of wheel
fi%ing is vital for all vehicles# and
nearly
all re2uire the use of a
tor2ue wrench.
! 3%cessive tor2ue can lead to
wheel or hub distortion# causing
runout and vibration.
! /ow tor2ue may allow
wheel nuts to work loose and
wheels to come off.

! 4uts should be tightened in a Torque

wrench
diagonal pattern.

%AL%E STE&S A@D C"#ES:

5t retains the air# 5t allows inflation and Deflation.
Valve Valve
! The rubber stem of the valve core stem
is pulled into the wheel.
Seat
washer
! The valve core contains a
spring loaded air valve insert.

! The valve core also has a

sealing washer and a seat washer.

! The valve cap keeps out Sealing

dust and helps keep air in. washer

Tyre pressures must only be checke@ !n@

!@"uste@ when the tyre is col@ Valve
caps

TYRES #$%TRO&'(T$O%)

# The tyre acts as the primary suspension# cushioning the vehicle from the
effects of a rough surface.

# 5t also provides frictional contact with the road surface.

# This allows the driving wheels to move the vehicle.

# The front tyres allows the wheels to steer .

# The tyres allow the brakes to slow or stop the vehicle

PARTS OF A TYRE:

! Plies 6 /ayers of strong fabric which are

built up to give the tyre its strength and shape

! 7ead 6 loops of steel which are the

anchorage point for the plies.

! Tread 6 this provides the grip with the road

surface# the pattern assists in clearing any water
away

! Side 8all 6 this connects the beads to the

tread of the tyre.

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TYRE SPE($F$(AT$O%S:

P 205/55
205/55 V
V R 16
RIM DIAMETER
TYPE @INCHES! "%* "# ETC
P - PASSENGER TYPE
T - TEMPORARY . - .IAS-.ELTE(
LT - LIGHT TRUCK ( - (IAGONAL .IAS
C - COMMERCIAL ASPECT RATIO R - RA(IAL
@HEIGHT&'I(TH )!
$$* +,* +$ M, ETC

WIDTH SPEED RATING

@MILLIMETERS! . @%" MPH! -
"#$-%"$ / @"$, MPH! -
0 @O/ER "$, MPH!

TYPES OF TYRE (O%STR'(T$O%:

*+,$AS PLY TYRE:

!5n the bias ply tyre# the carcass consists of

two or more layers of virtually unwoven
fabric.

!The cords or threads in these layers run

from one rim bead to other.

! 7ias angle is usually between 9*Z;1*

! High cord angles in the carcass plies will

give a tyre greater strength#increase its fatigue
resistance.

-+R!@i!l ply tyre:

! <irst introduced by @ichellin in N=>-.

! Plies e%tend straight across from bead to bead

at =** to the circumference of the tread.

!The side walls working independently can

fle%#twist and s2uirm.

!The s2uirming of the tread#which when occurs

during rolling#actually keeps away the tyre from
getting a solid bite on the road.

1 Remember 23e 24re 2re5d dep23 mus2 be 6o2 7ess 2356 "8+mm o9er 23e
:e62r57 23ree-;u5r2ers o< 23e 24re 56d mus2 =o 577 23e w54 rou6d 23e
:ir:um<ere6:e i6 56 :o62i6uous u6broke6 b56d wi23 6o b57d p52:3es
564w3ere o6 23e 24re 2re5d8
1 I< r5di57 56d :rossp74 24res 5re <i22ed 2o 23e s5me 9e3i:7e* 23e r5di57-p74
24res mus2 o674 be <i22ed 2o 23e re5r8
1 Cross-p74 56d r5di57 p74 24res mus2 6e9er be <i22ed 2o 23e s5me 5>7e8
1 T4re pressures mus2 be se2 2o 23e m56u<5:2ures re:omme6d52io6s
1 T3e 2re5d 56d side w577 mus2 be <ree <rom 75r=e :u2s* 5br5sio6s or
bubb7es

TYRE .ATER$AL:
! The carcass of all tyres is made of long staple cotton.

! 5n N=;*?s Rayon was used for making cords of a tyre back.

! Subse2uently 4ylon is the most used material for making cords

because of it?s stronger#more elastic#fle%ible properties.5t runs cooler
than rayon.

! @ost modern tyres all over the world use Terylene or Polyster
cord.

' 'arbon black adds strength and abrasion resistance# while

protecting rubber against AB light.

C
@ During curing# sulfur links rubber molecules together# adding
strength# and giving the rubber resistance to both heat and
cold.
P
C @inc stearate

A
Small amounts of !inc stearate and wa%es can help control
4 cure rates# prevent o%idation and make rubber easier to
process.
D
&ccelerators are used to control the cure rate# so different
S types of rubber can cure fully 6 in the same amount of
time.

&ntio%idants and antio!onants are added to rubber to fight

degradation by o%ygen and o!one# which can shorten the life
of tires.

TYRE TREA& PATTER%:

! The design of treads provides tr!ction !n@ re@uces possibility o/
ski@@in0+
! Tread pattern should be such that it gives more mile!0e1positi2e
tr!ction1cooler runs1smooth tr!2el1lon0er puncture /ree li/e1better

steerin0 controll1etc+

! @odern tyres uses a high 345 rubber which has e%cellent road grip

2ualities

5! b! :! d! e! <! =! 3!
(i<<ere62 24pes o< Tre5ds

&ES$RA,LE PROPERT$E
! %on6ski@@in0:The tyre should no
good grip.

! 'ni/orm we!r:The tyre must wear

! Lo!@ c!rryin0:The tyre should b

! (ushionin0:The tyre should abso

provide cushioning effect.

! Power consumption:8hile runni

Tyre L@!e " #$%t

developed by the engine.

! %oise:The tyre should create mi

1 Lo5d* bur6 ou2s* 35rd
! ,!l!ncin0:Tyre should be balanc
1 Speed* ro5d sur<5:e*
1 '3ee7 :o6di2io6* s2or5
1 Pressure* suspe6sio6
1 I6:orre:2 br5ke 5d@us2
1 `r5me&w3ee7 57i=6me

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