Topic: Presentation skills

Presentation:
A presentation is the process of presenting a topic to an audience. It is
typically a demonstration, introduction, lecture, or speech meant to inform, persuade,
inspire, motivate, or to build good will or to present a new idea or product.

Skills:
A skill is the ability to perform an action with determined results often within a given
amount of time, energy, or both.

  Presentation skills:
Presentation skills are the skills you need in delivering effective and
engaging presentations to a variety of audiences. These skills cover a variety of areas
such as the structure of your presentation, the design of your slides, the tone of your
voice and the body language you convey.

” A structured, prepared and speech- based means of communicating information, or

ideas to a group of interested people, in order to inform or persuade them.”

Presentations require as much thought, planning and research as written essays, even
though their purpose, style and audience are often different.

Presentation skills and public speaking abilities are not limited to certain special people
- anyone can give a good presentation, or perform public speaking to a professional and
impressive standard. Like most specialism, this requires preparation and practice.

Why Presentationer need Training?

• To properly structure your presentation.

• To overcome nervousness.

• To develop powerful Body Language.

• To deliver effective presentation.

• To learn what not to do during

 Essay writing

Essay:
The word essay first used by Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), his own work entitled
Essais. An essay is a written work that includes information and discussion, usually to
how well you understand the subject.

For example:

My last day at school (narrative essay)

The word Essay is defined in "The Concise Oxford Dictionary" as "a literary
composition (usually prose and short) on any subject.’’ It is a written composition
giving expression to one's own personal ideas or opinions on some topic; but the term
usually covers also any written composition, whether it expresses personal opinions, or
gives information on any given subject, or details of a narrative or description.

Characteristics of Essay-writing:
 A good essay must contain the following characteristics:
 Unity:
An essay must be a unity developing one theme with a definite purpose. The
subject must be clearly defined in the mind and kept in view throughout. Nothing
that is not relevant to it should be admitted to the essay. At the same time, the
subject may be treated in a variety of ways and from different points of view.

 Order :
The essay should follow a certain ordered line of thought and come to a
definite conclusion. It should consist of haphazard reflections put down anyhow.
There should be not only unity of subject but also unity of treatment. Hence, the
necessity for thinking out a line of thought before beginning to write.
 Brevity
Essay should not be long. The limit should be about three hundred words. There
can be no strict rule as to length, which will depend a good deal on the nature of
the subject. But an essay should be a brief exercise, concisely express.
  Style :
It is good to adopt a formal style. Slang, colloquial terms and Free and easy

constructions are not proper in an essay. The language and sentence

construction should be simple, direct and natural. The secret of clear writing is

clear thinking.

According to Cobbett:

A writer whose style is a model of clearness, simplicity and

directness.

 Personal Touch :
An essay should reveal the personal feelings and opinions of the writer. An
essay must be a unity, treating in an orderly manner of one subject; it should be
concisely written and not too long, and the style should by simple, direct and
clear; and it should have individuality, or show the personal touch of the writer.

 Features of essay writing:

Three features are necessary in a good essay.
1. Suitable subject-matter
2. Proper arrangement
3. Adequate power of expression

Hints on Essay-Writing:

1. General preparation:
One of the chief difficulties young people feel in essay-writing is lack of matter.
They do not find anything to say about a subject. This is natural, because their
experience and general reading are limited. But it may be remedied by reading and by
training the power of observation.

a) Reading
A person. who reads much and widely stores his mind with a large variety
of facts, thought, illustrations and general information.
Bacon said:
Reading maketh a full man.
 If you want to write good essays you must acquire a love of reading-not
simply reading stories for amusement, but reading good books of history,
travel, biography and science. Fill your mind with fine thoughts and accurate
information. By doing so you will become a full man and a full man can
always find plenty to say on most subjects

b) Observation
But all knowledge does not come from books. We may learn much from all life
around us ___ what we see and hear and observe for ourselves. Keep eyes and
ears open, and learn from your own experience. Practice writing short descriptions
of what you see in everyday life ___the people you meet , bits of scenery that strike
you, buildings, street scenes, trees and flowers, hills and valleys ,the habits of
animals and birds.
c) Conversation
Listen to people’s conversation; get them to talk to you about the things they
know, and discuss subjects that interest you, with your friend. In this way, also, you may
learn much. In this way he is enriching his mind with ideas and knowledge.

2. Special preparation
Now we come to the special preparation needed for writing an essay on some
particular subject; and the first thing we must do is to define the subject.
a) Defining the subject:
It is very important that you should have a clear and accurate conception of the
subject of the essay before you attempt to write on it __ what exactly it is and
what it is not. Some subjects are so simple that you can scarcely make a mistake
about them.
For example,
‘’The use of computer’’
The subject is not how computers work. Nor is it the history of computers. Yet
some students, carelessly reading the subject, might easily take up a large part
of their essay with such topics. The subject in this case is the uses of computers
in office and in industries.
b) Reading Collecting materials
I. Reading up the subject
When you have got a clear idea of your subject, the next step will
be to think of what you can say about it. Some subjects are so simple that
reflection should supply you with sufficient material for a short essay but for
others special information will be needed for which you may have to do
some special reading.
 For example:
If you have to write about some historical subjects, you will have to
get hold of some book and read the subject up.
II. Collection
Think over the subject, ideas, facts and illustrations will pass through
your mind.
III. Selection
After collected material for your essay, read over the notes you have
jotted down to select the points most suitable for your purpose.
c) Logical arrangement
Logical arrangement in which you can arrange the points you have selected.
d) Making the outlines
Bearing your subject definitely in your mind and with your purpose clearly
before you, sketch out a bare outline of the main heads, under which you
will arrange your various materials in a natural , logical and convincing order
___from a brief introduction to an affective conclusion.