Lathe – Accessories &

Attachments
• devices employed for holding and supporting
the work and the tool on lathe are called its
Accessories: accessories.

• are used on a center lathe to increase

production and efficiency and widen its scope of
use for such works also which are normally
Attachments: carried out on this machine.
 Lathe – Accessories &
Attachments
Accessories Attachments
Centers Bar Stops
Thread Chasing Dials
Face Plates & Angle Plates
Taper turning
Dogs or Carriers
Milling
Chucks
Grinding
Mandrels
Gear Cutting
Rests Hydro-copying
 Accessories - Centers

A – Ordinary Center E – Tipped (brazed) Center

B – Ball Center F – Insert type Center

G - Pipe Center

C – Frictionless Center
1 – Insert type center
2 – Nut D – Half Center
3 – Roller bearing H – Use of half center
4 – Thrust bearing 1 – Half center
5 - Housing 2 – Facing tool
 Accessories –
Driving plates and Dogs

Figure: Driving Plate Figure: Eccentric Turning

Fig. Straight dog

Accessories - Chucks

1- concentric circle,; 2 – chuck body;

3 – Jaw screw; 4 – jaw; 5 – gripping
surface; 6 – recess for back plate.

Figure: Four Jaw Chuck

Accessories - Chucks

Figure: Three Jaw Chuck

 Accessories - Chucks

1-work; 2-magnetic material; 3-keepers;

4-face plates, 5-magnet
Figure: Magnetic Chuck

1-cylinder; 2-air passage; 3-head stock spindle; 4-piston;

5-valves;; 6-piston rod; 7-link; 8-jaw; 9-guide; 10-sliding unit
Figure: Hydraulic Chuck
Accessories - Collets

1-Bearing; 2-Spindle; 3-Nut;

4-Key; 5-Chuck; 6-Collet

Figure: Collet Chuck

 Accessories –
Face Plate and Angle Plate

Figure: Face Plate 1-face plate; 2-balance weight; 3-elbow pipe;

4-clamping nut; 5-angle plate; 6-clamping nut
Figure: Angle Plate
 Accessories - Mandrels

Plain Mandrel
Collar Mandrel

Step Mandrel Threaded Mandrel

 Accessories - Mandrels

1-solid cone; 2-sliding cone; 3-nut

1-fixed collar; 2-hollow workpieces;
Cone Mandrel 3-movable collar; 4-nut
Gang Mandrel

1-sleeve; 2-tapered pin

Expansion Mandrel
Accessories – Steady Rest
Accessories – Follower Rest

Figure: Follower rest

Thread Cutting - Terminology

Fig. Elements of external and internal threads

Thread Cutting - Terminology

Fig. Single Start Fig. Double Start

Fig. Triple Start

 Thread Cutting

Figure: General set-up of lathe for screw cutting

Thread Cutting - Change Gear Ratio
Thread Cutting – Gear Trains

Simple gear train Compound gear train

 Cutting R.H. and L.H. Threads
• Right Hand threads:
– Threads slope up to the right when
screw is held vertically.
– The spindle and the lead screw will
rotate in the same direction.
• Left Hand threads: Figure: R.H. Threads

– Threads slope up to the left when

screw is held vertically.
– The spindle and the lead screw will
rotate in opposite direction.
• This change of direction of rotation on
lathe is effected by tumbler gear or by Figure: L.H. Threads
using proper number of idlers.
 Left Hand thread - Applications
Where the rotation of a shaft would cause a
conventional right-handed nut to loosen rather than
to tighten due to fretting induced precession, e.g. on a
left-hand bicycle pedal.
In combination with right-handed threads in
turnbuckles.
In some gas supply connections to prevent dangerous
misconnections, for example in gas welding the
flammable gas supply uses left-handed threads.

In Gold ornaments, e.g. ear studs.

 Cutting metric thread on
English standard lead screws or Vice Versa
• To cut metric threads on lathes having British
standard lead screw:

• To cut British standard threads are to be cut

on a lathe having lead screw of metric pitch:
Examples:
• Calculate change gears for cutting R.H. threads of 2 mm pitch
on a lathe having lead screw of 6 mm pitch.

Soln.:

Simple train with one idler

Simple train with one idler

Simple train with one idler

Like this, we can have number of solutions and every solution

will give the desired result.
Examples:
• Calculate change gears for cutting L.H. threads of 1.5 mm
pitch on a lathe having lead screw of 6 mm pitch.

Soln.:

Simple train with two idlers

Simple train with two idlers

Examples:
• Calculate change gears for cutting R.H.B.S.W. “V” threads of
12 TPI on a lathe having lead screw of 8 TPI.

Soln.:

Simple train with one idler

Simple train with one idler

Examples:
• Calculate change gears for cutting threads of 1 mm pitch on a
lathe having lead screw of 8 mm pitch.

Soln.:

Such a ratio with 160 teeth in size is not available in the

set. The maximum size is 120 only. Hence, a compound
train has to be used.

Compound Gear Train with one idler:

Gear A = 20; Gear B = 80;
and
Gear C = 30; Gear D = 60
Examples:
• Calculate change gears to cut L.H. threads of 25 TPI on a lathe
having lead screw of 6 TPI.

Soln.:

If, however, these gears are not available, a compound train

will be used. The calculation will be as follows:

Compound Gear Train with one idler:

Gear A = 40; Gear B = 100;
and
Gear C = 45; Gear D = 75
Examples:
• Calculate change gears to cut R.H. single start threads of 0.25”
pitch on a lathe having lead screw of 8 mm lead.

Soln.:

Compound Gear Train with no idler or two idlers:

Gear A = 127; Gear B = 80;
and
Gear C = 50; Gear D = 100
Setting of Tools for Threading

Fig. Setting threading tool for

external threading

Fig. Setting threading tool for

internal threading
Feeding the Tool in Threading

Fig.a Straight Thread

Fig.b Inclined feed

Fig.c Inclined feed using a form tool

Providing undercut
Attachments – Thread Chasing Dial

Figure: Thread Chasing Dial

 Taper Turning

D−d 1
Taper = = = 1 in 100
L 100

 D−d  D−d
Half taper angle = tan α =   =
 2  2L
L
Tail stock set-over method
Let,
H = set-over required, mm
D = larger diameter, mm
d = smaller diameter, mm
L = total length of work, mm
l = length of taper, mm

H = L sin α
α is very small and hence, sin α = tan α
D−d D−d
But, tan α = ∴H = L
2l 2l
Taper turning by swiveling the
Compound rest

Fig. Turning taper by swiveling the compound rest

Taper turning attachment

Fig. Use of taper turning attachment

 Taper turning by
Form or Broad nose tool

Fig. Turning short taper by a form (broad nose) tool

 Machining Time Calculations
in Turning
• Cutting speed:

Where d = diameter of the work in mm;

n = speed of the work in rpm.
• Feed:
mm / rev. or mm / min.
f (mm / min) = f (mm / rev) X n (rev / min)
• Machining time:
Where tm= machining time in min.; l = length of the job, mm
f = feed in mm/rev.; n = speed in rpm.