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MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
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TABLE of CONTENTS
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1
CHAPTER 2
CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
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5. CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................7
6. REFERENCES...............................................................................................................8
ABSTRACT
In the first part of the assignment is mentioned about how the legal and voluntary
control have influenced on the marketing communications of the organisations.
In the second part of the assignment is explained about how opinion formers and
opinion leaders is used by the marketers to get the advantage among the
competitors in the market.
In the third part of the assignment is clarified about the role of research and
discussing about pretesting research method’s effectiveness in advertising.
In the fourth part of the case study is mentioned about analysing the impact of
change on marketing communications.
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INTRODUCTION
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Technology is an effective subject in marketing communication which is directly
influenced it.
New technology and media have good and bad news that spread quickly in a very
short time. Organisations, their product and services are affected by both good and
bad news. Thoughts of opinion formers and leaders can overspread all around the
world in a second. (Huges,Fill,2007-2008) Because , technology increase media
opportunities.
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CHAPTER 1
CONTROL
Control over the message is essential to guarantee that the planned message is
transmitted to and received by the objective audience. Additionally, this message
must be capable of being understood in order that the receiver can perform
correctly .Message control is complicated by interference or negative noise that can
corrupt and distort messages. For example an airlines advertising may be
discredited by a major news story about safety checks or even an accident.
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LEGAL CONTROL
UK legislation makes available laws that basically support the ideology of being
honest and truthful .The laws are supported by self-regulatory codes that include the
same set of basic business principles. The lifetime customer concept is a long term
winning strategy that aims selling the same customer for a long –term. The other
words, it costs five times as much to sell to a new customer as it to does an existing
customer. The truth is you could only cheat a consumer once. The fact that, breaking
laws and legislations limit a business to a short –term vision. Companies should
build long term strategies .There are many laws that affect business, and marketing
communications in particular.UK television advertising alone has at least 150
statutes and regulations that influence it.
There are a number of different forms of regulations which attempt to control
marketing communications.
The 1968 Trade Descriptions Act: Making fake or misleading declarations about the
supplies or services are prohibited.
The 1979 Sale of Goods Act: Goods have to match their descriptions.
The Control of Misleading Advertisement Regulations 1988: This rule makes
available the safety net of the Office of Fair Trading.
The Data Protection Act 1984: Organisations have to register their addresses,
names or data.
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The Trade Marks Act 1994: It is adapted UK trade mark law to fit European
legislation.
Also there are other laws and legislations, both national and international that
influence a business and its marketing communications. For example the EU
telecommunications data Protection Directive makes it illegal for companies to fax
homes or businesses that have opted out.
According to Egan, there are a number of areas of general concern to the legislators
which fall into two areas; those connected to marketing tools and those product
categories where likely l mistreat would be most harmful.
1 Marketing Practices
•Comparative Advertising
• Pricing Claims
• Trademarks and Passing Off
• Product Descriptions
• Promotions
• International Law
• Data Protection
• Marketing to Children
2 Product Categories
Legal codes enforced by government and have to perform all companies in UK.
Legal control influences organisations both national and international.
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Centralised EU legislation influence all european companies in same way.The single
European Currency is a basic example. Many organisations are joinning the new
european environment. EU countries prefer legal control than voluntary control.
VOLUNTARY CONTROL
On 1 November 2004, the Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) implicit task for all
advertising values and consumer criticisms, both broadcast and non-broadcast. It
performs voluntarily because it is a non- statutory and it is not founded by British
Government. However, ASA has several specialised codes which have been
provided for acceptable products and services in marketing communications and
affect legislation strongly.
There are some key rules of these codes to show operating aim ;
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• Mislead Advertise : Advertisements are not permited to mislead consumers. This
means that advertisers must cary evidence to affairs that they make about their
products or services before the advertisement comes out.
• Offensive Advertise : Advertisements are not allowed to create serious or
widespread offence (ASA 2005).Extraordinary care is taken considering the
portrayal of gender, race, religion, sexuality and disability .
These codes which are to help providing welcomed and trusted marketing
communications aimed at providing clear agreements for consumers. (Fill, 2007).
For example for misleading advertising is that One of Burger King advert was
banned in the UK after two customers complained that the Chicken Tendercrisps
they were given were significantly smaller than the one shown in the advert.(ASA ,
2010)
PART 1 COMMENT
Both Legal and voluntary control have to perform in all organizations for protecting
consumers against the unfair businesses in against the rapidly changing marketing
environment.
According to Fill, The legal and voluntary control should match each other very well
for acceptable advertising and society concern. (2007)
Legal controls are able to avoid trade war between countries and organizations
which work internationally. For example, The United States and Japan accept trading
terms to avoid trade war. Legal controls are not only affect product and services
they are also affect social issues of customers so affect organization ^s social
responsibilities. For example, Shell apply new emission restrictions rule to using
less oil and more natural gas.
Voluntary control provides to avoid unjust competition .It is also provides protection
of customers unjust business activities such as misleading or unjust advertising and
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packaging. It is also keep safe of interest of the society against violent business
competition.
I think that act of parliament, codes of associations and consumers views, all of them
together can construct a strong and permanent protection environment for marketing
communications.
CHAPTER 2
OPINION LEADERS
According to Katz and Lazerfeld (1995), Opinion leaders are individuals who were
disposed to perceive information and then reprocessing it to affect others. (Fill,2007)
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Opinion leaders is a vehicle that increase credibility of products and services.
OPINION FORMERS
Opinion formers have personal influence to affect consumers behaviour when the
product or service is offered .Because their status,education,authority is connected
to these products and services which is already given.People need to get information
from ^expert witnesses^ to take a decision. The role of opinion formers is to maintain
positive influence upon in a company. That positive influence affects
customers,supporters and even their friends.Therefore, Companies can be getting to
highly a competitive advantage among their competitors.
According to Zafer Erdogan, there are some advantages and disadvantages of using
celebreties to endorse brands.
The former may incluede increasing attention ,image polishing,new brand launch
support,as part of repoistioning strategies and the underpinning of global campaigns.
According to Sony PR Manager, the most powerful way of telling someone that
something is a nice product is if someone who is credible says to you it is
(Goodman,1997)
PART 2 COMMENT
The Honest Tea Company should use Opinion leaders and formers;
The first thing is that before making a considered purchase decision, many people
seek advice or are influenced by the opinions of others. Barack Obama is well-
known and honest political leadership who is followed many others.
Mass communication messages from branded manufacturers are sent and received
directly, but are also diffused by opinion formers and opinion leaders. Targets of the
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communication can be very much influenced by both opinion formers and leaders as
they seek advice.
Opinion formers have influence because they are considered to be formal experts.
People seek out their opinions because of their expertise. Barack Obama is known
as an expert in political and social area that people are expecting to seek advice
from him.
Opinion leaders (can also be known as style leaders) are not experts in the formal
sense, but they have influence because other people note and admire the choices
they make.
Most of people note and admire Barack Obama in UK.
Potential consumers also speak to each other. Thus, the influence of an opinion
former or leader extends further if it is passed from one purchaser to another.
The other words, Word o mouth, using the influence of opinion formers and leaders,
wom communications support increasing credibility and free of media and production
costs.
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CHAPTER 3
MARKET RESEARCH
In according to Green and Tull "Marketing research is the systematic and objective search
for, and analysis of, information relevant to the identification and solution of any problem in
the field of marketing."
"Marketing research does not make decisions and it does not guarantee success"
PRE-TESTING
Pre testing is testing an advert before it is shown the media .The purpose of this
test is to decide whether or not one advert or different advets they can achieve the
ailms for which they are designed.
Pre test is about stimulated a several different of methods and bring forth
controversy ,to compare with post-test.
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The main advantage of using pretesting method is that provides to show unfinished
advertisements to selected target groups therefore you can refine the commercial to
increase effectiveness.in According to Reid (2000) pretesting could back up
campaign development, predict likely customers response, mainly to improve
advertising performance.
There are two methods which available for pretesting method ; qualitative and
quantitative.
The first purpose of pretesting during the development stage is to guarantee that
final creative advertisement will provide the advertising objectives.
High costs of pretesting and the low numbers of respondents restricted overall
effectiveness of final work that all give pretesting method a little value.(Fill,2007)
COMMENT PART 3
Why advertisement testing systems cannot for all time forecast real-world
achievement? It is impossible to repeat in a research condition how somebody will
react to an advert on a Saturday morning while sitting in their sofa and watching the
TV.
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When people are invited to join in market research, whether it’s an online review, a
center group, or even an in-home study, the conditions will change the peoples'
behavior. People know they’re being watched, and they may even think their job is to
be serious.
According to Robert Zajonc, the more people see the same thing ,the more they like
it however people frequently do not like unfamiliar things., "If brands are to
succeed, they need to be based on differentiated, unknown brand strategies. Sadly,
these are the similar ideas that people do not like .That's why quantitative testing of
alternative positioning dreams will likely methodically kill the more original ideas,
and people will like better the ones that are closest to what they already know.
According to Scott Bedbury, (the advertising director at Nike) "We never pretested
anything we did at Nike, none of the ads.
Wieden & Kennedy said that we had a contract that as long as our hearts beat, we
would never pretest a word of copy. It makes you boring. It makes you banal. It
makes you safe.
Research can tell you a lot of things, but it cannot forecast the future. Because
"Statistical credibility is not the same thing as the truth."
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CHAPTER 4
TRADITIONAL MEDIA
MODERN MEDIA
Internet has taken television as the major advertising segment by market share (IAB,
2009b) in United Kingdom. (Preiffer, Zinbauer, 2010)
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When we match up to traditional media to SNW, SNWs are user-centered and user-
generated. SNWs produce a center for customers by giving permit them to "build a
public or semi-public shape within a surrounded system," set up connections and
maintain communications with others in the system extensively (Boyd and Ellison
2007).
According to Davisons (1983), third person effect (TPE) theory explains that
persons have a tendency to anticipate mass media to have a greater reflect on
others than on themselves. In other words, persons may anticipate that the media
will make the smallest amount impact on "me" (the first individual) a reasonable
impact on "you" (the second individual) and the greatest impact on "them" (the third
one far-away relatives or common friends) (Wan,Faber, and Fung 2003). (Zhang J;
Daugherty, T.)
COMMENT OF PART 4
Publications are struggling with the profound disruption brought on by the internet
and the rising costs of newsprint and transportation. In according to The Pew
Research Center ,percentage of Americans who read newspapers regularly
,decreased %6 between 2006-2008.New media got four challenges to traditional
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media ; decreasing in readership, decreasing revenue, inability to produce real time
updates rise of social websites.
Basically the internet is really even better than print for reaching huge audiences at
very small cost.
The Modern Media are creation, social, distributed. People want to create not just
consume, people want to share and it is all about the network effect.
Internet include more content than, its information’s quicker and more transparent
than traditional media. Modern Media produces using social websites quickly ’ word
of mouth ’ which is most effective marketing communications tool.
Hones Tea Company should use new media to get competitive advantages in
among the others. Also, company is able to create something and share the
consumers and society as soon as possible.
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CONCLUSION
Ethical principles are relevant to social well being as link with marketing communications.
Honest Tea have to perform legal and voluntary control in UK. In addition the company has
social and environmental responsibilites to being honest to consumers and society.
Important of Opinion Leaders and formers that they have influence on brands to get
attention from consumers and society. Honest Tea should use them to provide competitive
advantages in mass market.
The last thing is that organisations should be aware of changing media .Also,They have to
perform new media tools to instruct effective marketing communications .
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REFERENCES
Fill, C., 2006. Simple Marketing Communications, Spain: Pearson Education Limited.
Fill, C., 2009. Marketing Communications and Content, 5th ed, England:
Pearson Education Limited.
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[e-journal] Jul2010, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p50-67, 18p, 23 Charts Available through:
EBSCO Database > [Accessed 5 December 2010].
Pfeiffer, M. and Zinnbauer, M., Can Old Media Enhance New Media? How
Traditional Advertising pays off for an Online Social Network. Journal of Advertising
Research, [E-journal] Mar2010, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p42-49, 8p, 3 Diagrams; DOI:
10.2501/S0021849910091166, Available through: EBSCO Database > [Accessed 5
December 2010].
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