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CHAPTER 16
SUBDIVISION INDEX CALCULATION FOR DRY
CARGO SHIPS

16.1 OVERVIEW 2
Input File Descriptions 4
Output File Descriptions 5
16.2 PROGRAM GUIDELINES 5
Specifying Damage Cases 5
Survival Criteria 7
16.3 DATA ENTRY AND PROGRAM SEQUENCE 8
Intact Condition 8
Damage Case Definition 9
Calculate Damage Cases 10
16.4 SUBDIVISION INDEX EVALUATION 12
16.5 DISPLAYING AND PRINTING RESULTS 12
Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

16.1 OVERVIEW
The Subdivision Index Calculation Program enables you to define the large number damage
cases, and their associated probabilities required to develop the Subdivision Index based on the
IMO Damage Stability Rules for Dry Cargo Ships. These regulations are now part of SOLAS
Chapter II-1, Part B-1 and are mandatory for all new ships over 100 meters in length as of
February 1992.

The IMO probabilistic damaged analysis is a modern risk-based analysis which provides a practical
method of quantifying the ability of a ship to survive flooding from collision damage. The
methodology of the regulations is based on a statistical analysis of past ship collisions. Evaluation of
every conceivable damage is required and each of the damages is rated based on its probability of
occurrence.
The IMO “survival” criteria permits a static heel of 25 degrees with partial survivability credit possible
between 25 and 30 degrees.
The total probability for a given damage scenario is based on the combination of four probabilities:
P the probability associated with the longitudinal location and extent of the damage
R the probability associated with the transverse extent of the damage
V the probability associated with the vertical extent of the damage
S the probability associated with the survival of the damage
The product of these probabilites give the contribution to the overall probability of survival for each
damage scenario:
A the combined probability for each specific damage case
An S value of 1.0 indicates that the specific damage case meets all the survival criteria. An S value of 0
indicates failure to meet the minimum specified criteria. S values between 0 and 1 represent partial
credit for cases that may be survivable depending on the wind and wave conditions.
The total "Attained Subdivision Index" for a particular draft is equal to the sum of the products of the
probabilities for each possible damaged case:
Attained Subdivision Index =
( PRVS ) =
( A )
The total Attained Index is normally the average of the results from the two required drafts. This
attained Index must be greater than or equal to the "Required Subdivision Index" which is a function of
the ship length. This Attained Index is intended to provide the ship with a minimum standard of
subdivision as agreed to by the signatory nations to the SOLAS Convention.
The program calculates the equilibrium condition following the flooding of a number of defined
compartments. It differs from the Salvage Response Program in that the intact conditions are
specified by entering the fore and aft drafts, VCG, LCG, and TCG, instead of defining the intact
condition by a detailed load case. Therefore, the ship data (.SDA) file need not be developed to
run the Subdivision Index Calculation Program.

The damage stability calculation is carried out on the hull form defined by the Hull Input
program. Any number of compartments defined in a single compartment access file may be
damaged in a given case (limits on the number that may be damaged are given in Appendix D).

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

The compartments' permeabilities may be specified along with initial fluid volumes and densities.
Refer to SOLAS Chapter 11-1, Part B-1 for definition of the permeabilities.

Typically two drafts are specified per SOLAS requirements. However, up to five drafts and five
intact conditions may be specified for each damage case. This matrix of drafts, intact conditions
and cases may be saved as a .DCA file. The .DCA file contains the necessary information to run
any single damage case at a particular draft or the entire matrix.


 
    

File Load Damage Case Description File (.DCA)
Save Damage Case Description File (.DCA)
Load Damage Case Results File (.DAM)
Save Damage Case Results File (.DAM)

Gen.Info Name, Date, etc.

Units and Precision
Analysis Type

DataEntry Drafts and Heel Angles

Default Compartment Status
Enter Next Damage Case
Revise Damage Case
Insert Damage Case
Delete Damage Case
Damage Cases from Dry Cargo Rules Subdivision Length Definition
Zone Boundary Definition
Calculate Single Damage Case Longitudinal Bulkhead Definition
Calcs Deck Height Definition
Calculate Subdivision Index and Damage Cases
Damage Cases Definition

Evaluation Select Evaluation Mode

Subdivision Index Evaluation

Display Plot of Damaged Hull

Righting Arm (GZ) Summary
Draft/Displacement Table
Draft/GZ Data
Compartment Flooding Summary
Compartment Outflow Summary
Oil Outflow Summary

Print Current Damage Case

Multiple Damage Cases
Default Compartment Data
Damage Case Data (Abridged)
Damage Case Data (Detailed)

Option Calc. Precision

Damage Stability Criteria

EXIT

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

The key entry menu of the Subdivision Index Calculation Program is shown in Figure 16-1.

Figure 16-1

Input File Descriptions

The following files are used by the Subdivision Index Calculation Program:

Extension Description Created by Required for

which program this program
.HUL Hull Offsets Hull Offset Entry Program Yes

.CML Compartment Access Data Compartment Entry Program Yes

.CMA Appended Compartment Descriptions Compartment Entry Program No

.DCA Damage Case Description Subdivision Index Calculation Program No

.DAM Damage Results Description Subdivision Index Calculation Program No

The .HUL, .CML, .CMP, and related .CMA files are required to run any damage cases with the
Salvage Response Program. They are automatically requested before the main menu bar is
presented.

Access to the .DCA and .DAM files are through the

option on the main menu bar. The
.DCA file contains a list of damage cases descriptions that may be run using the program, while
the .DAM file contains damage results for one specific damage case.

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

Output File Descriptions

Extension Description Used by Required by

which programs this program
.DCA Damage Case Description Damage Stability Program No

.DAM Damage Results Description Damage Stability Program No

The name of the .DAM file is comprised of the following parts:

File Name = Root Name + ID Number + Draft Letter + Intact Condition Number + .DAM

The root name can be any three-letter identifier, but it is defaulted to the first three letters of the
ship's name. The I.D. number corresponds to the damage case number.

Calculated results for individual damage conditions are saved in separate files with .DAM
extensions. These files contain all the information required for a complete printout of the damage
results for that specific condition. Large matrices can generate many of these damage results files.
Since a complete damage stability analysis for a specific vessel will contain many different
damage runs, each one requiring its own separate damage calculation, the total computation time
can be somewhat lengthy. While the individual damage calculations are performed quickly, a
large run may take several hours. For this reason, the estimate of time to completion displayed at
the bottom of the screen is very useful for budgeting time and work load. After specifying which
damage runs to calculate, the user may run the calculations and leave the machine to attend to
other tasks.

16.2 PROGRAM GUIDELINES

The method of calculation of the damage equilibrium condition is identical to that of the Damage
Stability Program (see Chapter 15).

Specifying Damage Cases

The fundamental input requirement for the Subdivision Index Calculation is to define the damage
cases, and their associated probabilities of occurrence. The program provides the means to
develop these cases in a controlled fashion. By careful selection of the damage boundaries, and of
the intact conditions of the compartments, the user can efficiently define the potentially hundreds
of damage cases required to develop the subdivision index.

Subdivision Length and Port/Starboard Analysis Selection

The required subdivision index is dependent upon the subdivision draft and subdivision length
(Ls). The program can calculate the subdivision length based upon the input subdivision draft and

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

the compartment geometries in the Compartment Access file (.CML), or the user can enter it
directly.

Although most ships are effectively symmetric, the option to perform the subdivision index
calculation based upon starboard or port side damage is provided. In performing port side damage
the port side compartments are mirrored temporarily, and the damage case definition proceeds as
if they were starboard compartments.

Zone Boundary Definition

The longitudinal zones are defined to subdivide the vessel into longitudinally into sections for the
determination of damage cases. These can be user defined or selected from compartment
definitions.

In general, there is a close correspondence between longitudinal zones and physical watertight
boundaries. However, in the case of stepped or sloped transverse bulkheads it is more convenient
computationally to add additional zone boundaries at the fore or aft ends of the steps or slope as
appropriate. These longitudinal zones are used to determine the P probability associated with the
longitudinal location and extent of damage.

Longitudinal Bulkhead Definition

For each longitudinal zone two longitudinal bulkheads can be defined. Each set of bulkheads
leads to inner, middle, and outer damage case definitions. Zero, one or two bulkheads can be
defined. These can be user defined or selected from compartment definitions. These bulkhead
befinitions are used to determine the R progability associated with various transverse extents of
damage.

Deck Height Definition

For each longitudinal zone a deck height can be defined. Each deck height above the waterline in
question leads to a lower and upper damage case definition. In combination with the longitudinal
bulkhead definition this can lead to six damage cases for each zone. The deck heights can be user-
defined or selected from compartment definitions. These deck height definitions are used to
determine the V probability associated with the vertical extent of damage.

Damage Case Definition

Once the zone boundaries, longitudinal bulkhead definitions and deck height definitions are
defined this menu option permits the user to define the damage cases for up to five longitudinal
zone damages.

Damage cases representing damage up to five zones in extent (restrained by a limit on damage
length of 0.24 Ls) can be defined. There is a point of diminishing return where the index
contribution of the cases of massive damage is not worth the additional damage stability
calculation time and effort. This can quickly be assessed by determining the probability of
occurrence for each set of zone contributions before performing the damage stability calculations.

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

Intact Conditions
Before the damage calculations begin, the user must define an intact equilibrium condition. This
consists of fore and aft drafts and the center of gravity similar to in the Damage Stability Program.
If tanks which are to be breached are not initially empty, there will be run-off from these tanks
after damage. This run-off is accounted for by adjusting the intact equilibrium condition. The
weight of fluid in each tank is removed and the vessel's displacement and center of gravity are
adjusted. The tanks are now considered empty and they flood as any other empty compartment.

Modifying the intact condition of a tank can be used to change the impact of flooding a tank in the
damaged condition. In Error! Reference source not found., this feature is used to include the
worst case consideration of whether to flood or not flood a tank in the damaged condition. If a
submerged tank is considered to be full of seawater when damaged, then its status is effectively
unchanged by damaging it, and its effect on the damage equilibrium condition of the ship is as if it
were not damaged. Thus, by changing the intact status of the compartment, the user can change
whether a compartment is effectively damaged. In proactice the use of multibvple intact
conditions fufills the SOLAS requirement for evaluating the effects of lesser extents of damage as
well as the effects of choosing 0% or 95% permeability for tank spaces.

For example, for a typical containership, the following three tank configurations are believed to
encompass the worst possible initial tankage configurations and lesser extents of damage.

MTY The "all tanks empty" condition is generally the worst configuration in terms of overall
sinkage and loss of waterplane.
FULL The "all tanks full" condition represents the worst "run-off" condition, which generally
results in maximum heel angles to the side of the ship opposite the damage.
DBF All tanks are considered empty except the lower double bottoms. While resulting in less
overall sinkage, these cases sometimes result in larger heel angles. This configuration also
represents damage cases where the vertical extent of damage does not go down to the
baseline.

Survival Criteria
The survival criteria used in this analysis are those required in the IMO regulations. The survival
index “S” is defined in terms of the equilibrium heel angle e, the maximum GZ (<= 0.1 m) and
the range of positive righting lever (<= 20 degrees):

S = C [ 0.5(Gzmax)(range)] where

C is 1 if e <= 25 degrees,

C is 0 if e > 30 degrees,

and there is partial credit for 25 <= e <= 30 degrees.

The survival index, S, equals zero when the final waterline taking into account sinkage, heel and
trim immerses the lower edge of openings through which progressive flooding may take place. In

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

Error! Reference source not found. this is the case when the marginline defined in the .HUL file or
any downflooding points defined in undamaged compartment (.CMP) files are submerged.

16.3 DATA ENTRY AND PROGRAM SEQUENCE

The Subdivision Index Calculation Program is a development of the Damage Stability Program,
and the user is referred to Chapter 15 for additional information.

Intact Condition
Drafts
Selecting the
 

-

     
option causes the screen in Figure 16-2 to
appear. You may enter or modify the necessary information. Note that (5) different drafts may be
input. These are labeled A, B, C, D and E. Each damage case is evaluated at each of these drafts.
The identifying letters are used as part of the file name under which the damage results are stored.
Typically the two drafts associated with the SOLAS calculations should be entered.

Note that when a draft is initially specified both drafts are assigned. Subsequent changes to
either draft will only change that specific draft entry.

Figure 16-2

The values for GM(upright) should be nominal values. The final evaluation of the subdivision
index may be based on values other than what is entered on this screen.

Intact Compartment Status Definition

Either before or after the user begins to define individual damage cases, the
 



       option allows the user to set default values for compartment:

permeability, % full intact, specific volume, and % full damaged. Note that (5) different intact
conditions may be defined. These are labeled 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Each damage case can be

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

evaluated for each of these intact conditions. The identifying numbers are used as part of the file
name under which the damage results are stored.

Damage Case Definition

The damage cases are developed using the five sub-options under the
  




 
 
 


option.

Subdivision Length and Port/Starboard Selection

The subdivision draft in the
     | sub-option is taken from the first
draft entry in the draft entry screen and converted to a molded draft by subtracting the keel
thickness taken from the .HUL file. The subdivision length and location of the aft end of the
subdivision length can be user-defined, or by pressing [F3] computed from the CMP definitions.

The user can choose between port or starboard side damage by entering -1 or 1 respectively in the
appropriate field.

The program computes the required subdivision index based upon the subdivision length..

Zone Boundary Definition

The longitudinal zones can be user-defined or selected from compartment definitions in the
 
 
  
sub-option. Enter the bounds from aft to forward. Press [F8] to obtain
bounds based upon all compartments over LBP/20 in length. Do not include bounds at the fore
and aft end of the vessel.

Note: It is important that the compartment definitions use precise fore and aft bounds to prevent
double bounds from occurring due to imprecise bulkhead matching.

Longitudinal Bulkhead Definition

Once the longitudinal zones have been created, for each longitudinal zone two longitudinal
bulkheads can be defined in the
      | sub-option. These can be
user-defined or selected from compartment definitions. Press [F8] to obtain a list of
compartments on the damage side within the zone selected. Cursor to the compartment and press
[F3] to obtain a bulkhead based upon the maximum transverse extent of that compartment.

Deck Height Definition

Once the longitudinal zones have been created, for each longitudinal zone, a deck height can be
defined in the
    | sub-option. These can be user-defined or selected from
compartment definitions. Press [F8] to obtain a list of compartments on the damage side within
the zone selected. Cursor to the compartment desired and press [F3] to obtain a bulkhead based
upon the lowest vertical extent of that compartment.

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

Damage Cases Definition

Once the zone, bulkhead, and deck height definitions are complete, the damage cases can be
defined in the
    | sub-option. Enter the number of zones for which cases
are desired and press [F3] to develop the cases.

As the damage cases for multiple-zone damage are developed from the one-zone cases it is
recommended that the one-zone cases be created, reviewed, and edited, if necessary, before
creating the multiple-zone cases. Press [F4] to develop multiple-zone cases from existing one-
zone cases.

Press [F8] to obtain a printout of the probabilities for multiple-zone combinations. Typically,
the probability associated with four or more zones is less than 0.001.

Saving the Damage Case Description

Once all the damage cases have been entered, the user should return to the

menu and save
the damage case descriptions for future use as a .DCA file.

Calculate Damage Cases

The user may run one, several, or all of the damage cases by choosing the desired option from the


menu.

If the user chooses the


    
option, the results will not be
saved to the disk. Calculating more than one run will save .DAM files each run.
The typical mode of operation for the Subdivision Index calculation is the




      
option.

Note: Due to memory constraints, the current DCA data will be lost if damage case calculations
are selected. Be sure to save the DCA file before proceeding.

In a screen similar to Figure 16-3, the user can specify which cases are to be calculated.

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

Figure 16-3

After pressing [F3], the user can specify which drafts, and independently after pressing [F3] a
second time, which intact conditions (see Figure 16-4) are to be calculated. Generally all cases should
be calculated so that they are available to the evaluation portion.

Figure 16-4

With the calculations in progress, a real-time display appears giving full information on the
damage case currently being evaluated . The time to completion is an estimate for all of the

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

remaining cases. After each case is completed, the results are stored on the disk file and
processing proceeds to the next case.
Each damage results file contains all of the information pertaining to one damage case at one draft
- mainly the damaged righting arm curve and associated data. The

options facilitate
the evaluation or manipulation of that data as described below.

16.4 SUBDIVISION INDEX EVALUATION

The

    option enables you to control the GMt or VCG
which is used for the subdivision index evaluation. Selecting the user-specified values permits the
search for the minimum GMt which will lead to satisfactory index values. Move the cursor to this
option and press [Esc] to activate the input screen where the GMt or VCG can be defined.

The

    option enables you to control which damage
cases are used as the basis for the subdivision index calculation. The case selection screen
(Figure 16-5) allows for specifying the case number, draft cases and intact conditions to consider.

Figure 16-5

In this way contributions to the index from various sources can be evaluated. Typically the
evaluation is run for all damage cases and all tank conditions for a single draft. The indices from
the evaluation can be averaged to determine the combine index for the ship.

16.5 DISPLAYING AND PRINTING RESULTS

You may choose to display or print many aspects of the results by selecting the desired option on
the

and

 
sub-menu. Under   two key summaries are available, in addition
to the details for individual cases. Using the  
      option, you can

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

print one-line summaries of one, several or all the damage cases used in the subdivision index
calculations. Summaries of the damage equilibrium condition or of the attained index calculation
are available through the [F8] and [F9] keys, or both through the [F10] key.

The damage stability calculation one-line summary indicates the damage case file name, the
damaged compartments, the intact condition, the equilibrium condition after damage, and whether
the case meets the survival criteria. The survival criteria used in this analysis are those required
in the IMO regulations. The "MARGLINE" on the output is the freeboard to the progressive
flooding points. These are defined as the hull margin line or any downflooding points defined in
undamaged compartments.

The attained index summary is described below:

Attained Index Summary Table

The results for the attained index are compiled in a summary table for each draft evaluated. This is
displayed as the results are generated and can be printed out, see above. The following describes the
data contained in these tables.

ZONES The main longitudinal subdivisions as indicated on the   
 
    
    option.

CONFIG The general configuration of the damage extent in the vertical and transverse
dimensions. The configuration is indicated by a combination of the following five
descriptors:

U (Upper) Damage extends vertically from the baseline upward to the maximum
extent (Hmax).
L (Lower) Damage extends vertically from the baseline to the lower deck.
W (Wing) Damage is limited transversely to the by the outer longitudinal
bulkhead. Compartments inboard of the outer longitudinal bulkhead
remain intact.
W1 (Wing1) Damage extends transversely to include the compartments inside the
outer longitudinal bulkhead.
H (Hold) Damage extends transversely inward to include the compartments
inside the inner longitudinal bulkhead (i.e. damage to centerline)

DAMAGE The combination of compartments that are damaged in this particular

COMPARTMENT damage stability calculation. The compartment numbers refer to the
LISTING order in the compartment access file.

P Probability of the longitudinal location and extent of damage. Based on Zone

numbers.

R Probability of the transverse extent of damage. Based on the H or W

configuration and the wing tank breadth.

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Chapter 16 Subdivision Index Calculation

V Probability of the vertical extent of damage. Based on the U or L configuration

and the height of the second deck. Note that this probability is different for each
specific draft condition.

S Probability of survival after damage based on the initial intact GM. The initial
GMt indicated at the top of the summary. S=1 indicates that the ship will meet the
required survival criteria, and S=0 indicates that it will not survive. Partial credit
for heel angles between 25 and 30 degrees has been neglected.

A The summary probability (PRVS) for each damage case.

Tanks If multiple intact tank conditions were specified, the intact tank configuration
which was the governing condition for the damage stability calculations. For all
tank configurations the cargo holds, voids, and machinery spaces are considered
initially empty at the appropriate permeabilities.

Computation of Combined Attained Index

The Subdivision Index Calculation is normally made for the Deepest Load Line and the
Partial Load Line only. The individual attained indices for each draft are then averaged to
yield the combined Attained Index. The required operating GM t for the ship is then drawn
as a straight line between these two points. It is possible to have one draft higher than the
required level and one draft lower than the required level as long as the average exceeds R,
the required subdivision index.

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