Cankt-Ilerep6yprekuii rocyzapcTBeHHblii yHHBepcuTeT Bocrouubiii 4 cneuwanbublii BOCTOUHbI dakybTeTHI H.B.jIOUW]MAHOB rPAMMATHKA QUTEPATYPHOTO APABCKOPO ASbIKA Tlog peyakuneii 1 c npenucnosnem V.10. Kpaukoscxoro Canxt-Nerep6ypr FOpnamyecknii uenrp Mpece 1999H.B.OumaxHos TpamMMaTaka JHTepatypHoro apa6ckoro a3biKa Tlog penakunel vc npequcnopnem M.10.Kpauxoxscxoro Oreercrsennuie pezakropii: akanemuk PAH M.H.Boromo6os, zouent B.H.Bnonaun Tipequcaonne « w3qasmo: O.5.Pponosa, O.M.PeabKun Yapenurem e3jaremctsa: OOO « Jimuersus: JITT Ne 000002 or 27 mona 1998 r. 3am. mupeKropa No ManaTenbcKoli AeaTenbHOcTH Dunno 0.10. Tlogrorosxa oparunast-maketa: H. B. IOuwmaxosa. B oTevecTBeHHO apaOucTHKe pasHble rofbl M C pasM4HO! CTeMeHDbIO yc- mexa lIpeAMpHHMMaOcb HeMaJIO MOMbITOK OlMCaHhA TpaMMaTHueckoii CHCTeMBI apa6CKOrO ABbIKA, HO JIMINb HEMHOrHe y6.1MKANMM MO/b3y10T- CA CTOMb Gono NON MAPHOCTHIO, KaK CpeAM MpemoaBarereit, TaK M HaYMHAIOMMX H3yYeHMe A3bIKa CTYAeHTOB. Bostee 70-1 ser, c 1928 r., 6yayun yxKe TpHKAbI Nepevsgana, <[pam- MaTMKa JMTeparypHoro apa6cKoro a3bika> H. B.JOumanoga cayxur aia yrauaxca Poccun u rocyzapcets Bawxuero 3apy6exba, T-e. Bceit OrpoMHOt TeppuTopHH 6pIBIIero CosetcKoro Colo3a, oHOBpeMeHHO KM OCHOBHbIM yueOHbIM Tloco6ueM, HM O6pa3lloBbIM Hay4HbIM MCCAeAOBAHH- em. Oua aBMIacb CTHMYJIOM AVIA) MHOTAX mpeacraBuTenei HOBbIX MIOKO- JHU BOCTOKOBEAOB CBA3ATb CBOIO Hay4Hy!o Cyb6y c apa6cKoit MHT- BUCTUKOIL. Hag usqanvem KpatKoro Bapuauta H. B. IOmmanosa B apa6cKoe A3bIKO3HaHHe?» [loxanyi, OTBeTOM Ha 9TOT BoNpoc 6yzyT cjloBa akagemuxa V1. IO. Kpayxoscxoro, kotopprit B [Ipequcnosmn kK 1- My “3qanMio nucan: <«HacToanjasd KHMTa ABAAeTCA B PyCCKOi AMTepa- TYpe flepBbIM OFIbITOM NocTpoeHuaA CxaTOTO Kypca apa6cKoii TpaMMaTH- KH Ha Hay4Hoit ocHoBe, KOTOpbIii AOMAKEH YLOBACTBOPHTb WeJIAM Kak pakTHy4eckoro, TaK MK Hay4HOrO M3yYYeHHA A3biKa HAYMHAIOIMMH. Tlep- BbIe OMbITbI Bera ObiBalOT TPYAlibl; HACKOMKO AaHHbLit yqayeH, 1OKa- 2KeT efO MIPHMeHeHHe 8B OKH3HH B OmKaliuMe rogbI>. Bpema mogTBep- MAO, YTO ONbIT OKasaICA B BbICIel CreneHK yqauHbIM. Aleicrsuteapuo, ”ocronucrsa <[pammaTuku» mHorouncienHbl. Tak, o6beM KHHTH He BeHK ipa 3HauHTeJIbHOK HaCbILeHHOCTH MaTepHaJioM, UTO OVEN BadkKHO, TAK Kak y4alllMeCaA MOTYT OBsaMeT> HM B KOPOTKHIL CpOK; Beqb B Cpemtive Bexa apa6cKue TpaMMaTHKM ObIIM KpaTKHMH, a MaTepHail, M3/arasicA B CTHXaX AJA ObICTporo M MpOuHOrO 3amlOMMHa- HHA. B csonx uabickanuax H. B. IOumanos ucnoup3yer Tpyabl cpeaHe- BeKOBbIX apaGCKHX usoN0roB, UX TpaMMaTMuecKHe TeOpHM, OTHOIUe- ue K KOTOPbIM B eBporedcKoli, OcobeHHO yueOHO AMTepatype, B Te TOfbI ObUIO HefaTHBHDIM, XOTA B HaCTOAUee BpeMA MX WEHHOCTD JA o6ulero 4 apa6cKoro AgbIKO3HAaHMA, AJA Oy LyWMX HayYYHbLX MepCleKTHB craHoButca Bce Goviee uM Gosee ACHOM, a Ceit¥ac OHM MCHO/Ib3yIOTCA Be- AYWHMM sMurBuctamn Espompt. Bummateabuiblit untaresb O6Hapy2KHT, YTO CBEeHHA coyepxKalye- ca B pa6oTe BbIXOAAT 3a MpesesbI U30%KeNUA COGCTBENO rpaMMaTH- o EAE RPL MONETe yecKOro MaTepHala, HO B TO WIM MHOM cTenenit 3aTparMBaeT Ui Ta- Ke 1po6JleMBI, Kak IPMHUAITbI apa6cKoro CTUXOCAOXKeHUA, TPaqHILHOH- Had TpaMMaTHYeCKad TepMHHOJOLMA, KOHCTHTYMpOBaHHe HMeH co6CTBeH- HBIX, JETOHCYMCeHKe, NOMYYMT CBeAeHHA O JIYHHOM KasleHylape Ht My- Cy AbMaHCKOM JleTOMCYMCIeHHH, y3HaeT apa6ckue Ha3BaHusa Quel Hese- JM Ht Mecalles, O6pacHenMe ocoGeHHoctTeii UTeHHA TaKOrO BeJMKOTO Ma- MaTHMKa kak Kopai, a B pa3yene «YcioBHoctH> , 6arofjapa OMMCaHHIO aBTOpa, MOXeET BECbMa TOYHO MpescTaBuT ce6e apruKysalMIo apabc- KMX corjacnbIx. HecomHeHHy!0 WeHHocTb mpescTaBsset wu apa6cKo-fa- THHCKO-PpyCCKMit yKa3aTesIb TpaMMaTHYecKHX HasBaHHit, a Take apa6c- KO-pYyCcKuit JeKCHKOH TpaMMaTH4ecKHX TepMHHOB, BECbMa Io/e3HbIit yrKe AMUIb MOTOMY, ¥TO O6.1eryaeT CTYAeHTaM pa6oTy c MepBOMCTOYHMKaMH - TpyAaMM CpetHeBeKOBDIX apabcKHX rpaMMaTHCTOB. Hexpaa oTka3aTb aBropy H B ape Hay4Horo NpezBHjeHua. Tak, oF He orpaHWuuBaeTca AMIb paMKaMM AMTepaTypHoro a3bIKa, HO 3aTparM- BaeT UM Takylo O6acTb apa6cKoit AMHTBUCTHKH, Kak JWaleKTOJOrUA. Cerogua, ciycta Gozee YeM CeMb JecaTHeTHii c MOMeHTa NOABIEHHA epporo usfanua <[paMMaTuKu>, H3sy4eHMe apa6cKHX AMaseKTOB Ha 6a3e cpaBHMTebHO-MCTOpHeckoro MeToga HM O6UleCeMUTCKO ASbIKO- Bolt OCHOBBI, TO H 6bi10 HaMeseno H. B. ]Oumanospm. Bnepspie <[pammaruka> ysuyea caer 8 1928 rozy. Ecrecrsenxo, TO 3a STOT CPOK CeMMTO.TOTHA, 1a H Oblee A3bIKOSHAHHE B I[eJIOM, I10- JY4HAM 3aMeTHOe pasBuTHe. Tlocequnm o6cTostTembcTBOM O6bACHAeTCA, C TOUKM 3peHUA Cerog- HAMIHETO THA, PA HE3HAYMTeIbHBIX Hetounocteli 4 HejjOueTOR, B 4acT- HOCTH, HeKOTOPas apXAHYHOCTH MCIOMb3OBAHHOLO B paGoTe TepMUHOZIO- THYecKoro allmapata, BHHa 3a YTO BIIPOYeM, He Jle%KUT Ha COBECTH aBTOpa M 4TO C AMXBOi KOMMeHCUpyeTCA YETKMM M JaKOHWIHBIM H3/102%KeHHeEM MaTepHaJia, €rO AOCTYIMHOCTbIO HK ACHOCTbIO He TOAbKO AVIA cllelwasinc- TOB, HO H TeX, KTO focTuraeT a3bl apabcKoro s3bIKa. <[!pamMaTuKa> 1 CeTOHA OCTAeTCA ODHMM M3 Tex 6a30BbIX Moco6uii, 6e3 y4yeTa KOTOpBIX HEBO3MOXKHO HCMOAb3OBAHHe BCeTO KOpMyca HAKOIMeEHHDIX MOYTH 3a Ba Beka UIKONOW OTeyecTBeHHOH apa6ucTuKK 3HaHKit. Hecmorpa Ha TO, ¥TO ona H3qaBasach ye TpwK ABI, <[pammaTuKa> Tlo-ItpexkHeMy ocTaetca 6u6MorpacHyeckolt peKOCTHIO, YTO y2Ke CAMO. 3a ce6A TOBOpHT oO ee MonyrapHoctH. HactostenbHad Heo6xogMMocTD HOBOTO H31aHMA AMKTyeTCA Kak NoTpe6HOCcTAMM yHUBepcHTetcKoro yue6- HOO lmpolecca, TaK M CTaOUIbHO BbICOKMM YPOBHeM MHTepeca K apabc- KOMY A3bIKy B cpefe poccriickoro o6mectsa. Hopoe u3fanve npu3BaHo YAOBNeTBOPUTD 9TH sampocsI. Ilepeusqanne B HactosmmMit MoMeHT Ta- KOTO BBICOKO HayYHOTO, BAXKHOTO AVIA COBEPIEHCTBOBAHHA HallMx 3Ha- Hui, NpOBepeHHOTo Ha NpakTHKe H HazexKHOTO Tpyfa Kak H.B.}Ourmatosa, AB/1eTCA CBOeB- PeMeHHbIM HM IIpHHeceT HecoMHeHHYy10 Norb3y 6yAyWIMM MpakTHKaM 1 YeHbIM-BOCTOKOBesaM. 0.p.n O. B. Dponoea x.p.n. O. H. PedoxunTIpequcnosne k usqanuio 1928 r. I. Boapme cra eT mpouito c Tex nop, Kak NoaBunach B Poccuu neppaa apa6ckas rpaMMaTuka, OcTaBHBUad KpynHbiii cieq B pyccKow yueOuoi mMTepa- type'. Bowie wecTHfecaTH eT Mpollto co BpeMeltH NOABIeHHA MepBolt rpaMMaTHKH apa6ckoro A3bIKa, CTaBMBIIeH He TOAbKO yueOHbIe, HO M Hay4HbIe samaun?. Cpox He MasbIif, HO ECM MogBecTH MTOT BCeMy TOMY, YTO HatledaTaHo 43 3TOH O6TaCTH 3a BpeMA C NepBOl AaTbI, TO OKAKETCA, ITO pyccKaa AMTepaTy- pa He MOXeT HATH B CpaBHelMe C AMTepaTypoli He TOJIbKO Ha OCHOBHDIX A3bI- Kax Espombt —dpatily3CKoM, HeMelKOM, aHTJIMHicKOM, HO He BCerfa Jake MO%KeT collepHwuatb c MpoayKuMelt TakHX HapofoB, Kak HcManUbl HK wWBeAEI. Ton- HbIit MepeweH apa6cKHXx rpaMMaTHK, BbIMeAUIMX 3a CTOMeTHE Ha PYCCKOM A3bI- ke, He CocTaBHT AMHHOrO CIcKa. Bemyckas cpou Ta6suus!, A. B. Bozapipes MMed B OOIeM MpaBo CKa3aTb, 4TO ETO TPYZ, AB/LACTCA TlepBbIM OMBITOM B AaliHoi o6nacru. Bu6mmorpaduyec- KHe pasbICKaHMa OTKpbIBaIOT, MpaBsla, HCCKOMKO MOMBITOK B 9TOM HalIpaBute- HH, HO OHM TIpOXOAH.IM, 110-BHAMMOMY, GecceAHO AIA pasBHTHA apaOMCTHKH. O6meit o6benHHAOMIeH Ux YepTO! MO2xKHO CHHTAaTb OTOPBaHHOCTb OT eBporieli- cKoli HaykH, KoTopad yoke c XVII B. ceppesHo paGoTasa Haq BOMpocaMH 113,10- 2keHMA apa6cKoll rpaMMaTHKH, MH CBASb He CTOMbKO C 3aMaOM, CKOJIbKO C BOCTO- KOM - C MYCYbMaHCKoil Tpaquuneit. Ognoi 43 MepBbIx MonbITOK Takoro THTIa PpyccKuit 13bIK 0643aH aBTOpy H3BECTHOH B CBOe BpeMA TaTapcKoli rpaMMaTHKH, TOOOASCKOMY Mpenofapatemo BocTounbix a3Bikos VM. Turanosy: nog ero Ha- 6mioeHmem ofHHM 6yxapuem Olu CocTaBseH TaTapcKHit M apaOcKnit OyKBapb, uafaHHpit B 1802 1.3%. J[apad usBecTHoe MpescTaBieHve 0 YTeHHM, 1a Msy4e- HMA [paMMaTHKH 9TOT OMbIT He MO2XKET CYKUTb Moco6KeM. Toxe MpHxXOAUTCA Ka3aTb 0 COBPEMEHHOM eMY, H3BECTHOM IIpeHMylilectBeHHo 0 Gu6mKorpadu- am 6ykBape Bypapopa‘. K 1810 r. ornocutca cocrasnenne M. Cxu6unescKkum TlepBost M3BeCTHOK HaM rpaMMaTHKH, KOTOpad OcTaacb B pyKonucn®. Ona mpu- MbIKaeT K TOH %e €BOCTOUHOM> TpanMUMM, Kak M NpedMecTByioulNe HsAaHHA: 06 3TOM OlpefeseHHO TOBOpHT TpaHCKpHITUMA, HaXoAAMascA MOA HecOMHeH- HBIM BIMAHMeM TaTapcKOro MpoMsHoWwleHHA. BosHuK1a OHa BepOATHO B AYXOB- voi cpene (vm cemMHapcKol, HIM MUCCHOHEpCKOl), 0 4eM MOXKHO CYAMTb TO IpuMepaM, 3aMMCTBOBAHHBIM MHOTMa M3 ASbIKa CBaHTeIMA H MpOUsBeneHHit pe- aMrNOsHOi AMTepatypbI®. TA. B. Boaaeipes. Kparaa apa6cxaa rpammaruxa p Ta6mmuax. Mockpa, 1827. 2 Onprr rpaMMatuxu apa6cxoro asbika Muxanna Hasponxoro. CII6. 1867. 2 Bykeapb TatapcKoro # apaGckoro mucbMa... cowmmenHbit Hust Baxow ATHomeresbin no pyKosoncrsom... Mocuda Turaxosa. CII6, 1802. Yrommnaemaa B HexoTopsix HCTOMHUKAX TOTO Xe CaMOTO M.. Turanona (C116. 1801.) orcytcrayer 8 JIenmarpagcKHx KHMTOXpaHwMMlax H ocTa- Jlach MHe HegocrynHolt. 7 \AGaanasna Bypaxos. Andaput a casaa6app. Kasanp 1802 r. Paammmte apabcKne 6yKpapy Ha pyCcKOM stabiKe TevaTamich B KasaHH HeomHOKpaTHo M B TOCeCTBHH. S"Apanickas TpamMaTaKa Nepeseneta Konnexckym Cosetaakom Muxawiom CxsOnries- CKHM ¢ H3bACHeHHeM MpousHoMeHus ApanckHx cnoB Ha Poccuiicxom aspike 1810 T. B Actpaxann. (Pykonuch Haxomwiach B OuGsHoTeKe 6. JlasapescKoro Mucrutyta B Moc- xpe, Ca. Katasior xu n pyxonuceli 6u6amorexn Jlasapenckoro Mucratyra Bocrommnrx Saunas. Mocxpa, 1888, crp. 114, No 1576. 3arnapue B KaTasore MepejaHo He COBCeEM TouHO). ° Conepxanve ee, ¢ KOTOpBIM A Mor Germo osHaKoMnTECA B 1918 T., pacnamaeTcA Ha iecte vacteil: crp. 1-42 <0 urenum>, 43-93 (6es o6mtero 3aronoBKa, TpakTyeT 06 HME ax), 94-108 , 109-208 <0 raarones, 209-222 <0 mpounx yacTax cmOBa>, 223-240 , npu GrxKaiiuiem Mccaenosanwn onpeneuaca 6! BeposTHO Ges OCOOrO Tpysa. ie y= i Or” Cnenmarpnnie 66.morpacpyveckne pasicKarua BepoatTio obuapy2kaT eme H€CKOAbKO aHaJOrHYHbIX MPOUSBEAEHHH, HO HECOMHCHITO, YTO Bce OHH 6bLAK ABJCHMAMH CAyYaHHbIMH HW B PasBHTHM pyccKol apaOucTHKU cylleCTBCHHO! po. He cpirpamn. O Hayane HOBOit appl ropopaT moco6us, u3sfanHBe A. B. Borabipesbim (1780-1842). Mnrepecosasumiica Bonpocamu o6ulero s3bikosHaHia H 3HaKO- Mbit C ([pyTHMM CCMHTHYCCKUMH ASBIKAMH, OH BOLIC He TOAbKO B KHWOKHOe, HO M HeMocpesAcrBeHHoe ConpukociioBenne c 3atassi0-cBportelicKot apa6ucTuKoit BO BpeMs cBoero mpe6prBanna B TepManuu u MpanuMn, rae MeKAy MpouHM 3allMMasica y 3HameHutoro Siltestre de Sacy. Ha ocHose usyyenna cyilectBo- BaBLIMX B TO BpeMa noco6uil, npemmyulecrsenHo rpamMaTuKy Silvestre de Sacy’, nosuuxza B Xone ero mperonasanua B MockoncKom Yuusepcntere «Kpatkaa apa6ckad rpaMMaTuka B Ta6sMuax>, M3faHNasd cnepBa sMTorpadc- KH, a 3aTeM H NeyaTHO. OGpequnennbie B 12 aucTOB ¥ CompoBorkseHubIe pHMe- YaHHAMM M pa3bACHeHHAMH, 9TH TaGMUbI NpeACTAB/AIN B CYIHOCTH KOHC- HekT apa6ckoii rpaMMaTuKU, BbiTOmHeMHbI c yxe6uok TOU 3penMa BIOHe yaoBneTsoputembHo®. HexoctatoK BpeMcHv 4 ApyrHe o6cToATeNbCTBA He I10- SBONMIM eMy pasBepHyTbs B Gomee ObcTOATeNbHyIO rpaMMaTHKy 1 B CJeAYIOWNeM V31aHHH, BEIEAWeM Yepe3 JeBATD JeT®, OH OrTpaHMYMJICA TMI TeM, YTO OTKa3aJICA OT pacnpeslexenua MaTepHasa No Ta6suuaM, a flan ero B CBASHOM H3JIOKCHHM, COXPaHHB TO xe CaMoe cosepxKanKe. BprpaxkeHtioe HM B MPeAMCAOBMH TO%KeTaHHe YBHACTb Ha PYCCKOM ABBIKe Gomee OGcTOATETbHYIO TpaMMaTHKy onpaBfasloch TosbKO Yepes 30 eT; O¥eBHAHO, Noco6usA, cocTaB- acnupie A. B. Boagpipespim, Bce aTO BpeMA yoBeTBOpaIM NoTpe6HocTaM MpenoqaBaHusA, KOTOpoe ONMparOch T1aBHbIM O6pa30M Ha ero TpyAbI. B nporuponorzoxuocts bosgbipesy, aBtop caeayiomelk apa6cKok rpamma- taku M. T. Haspoukuit (1823-1871) c esponelickoit Haykoi 6b1 3HaKOM TO/b- KO KHWKHDBIM MYTeM M ABJIACTCA Meliee ETO MOATOTOBAeHHDIM B OO1aCTH A3bI- KosHanna. Craps ce6e TeM He MeHee He TOADKO yueGHbIe WeAM, HOM : 9 Kparkaa apa6exas rpammaruxa. Mockaa, 1836, (Hanevarana pMecte c cnonapem x ero apa6cKoit xpectoMarmn). °° Onbir rpammatakn apa6cKoro sseiKxa. CII6. 1867, crp. V. * Beimino p Tapinxe B 1831 r. ® Grammatica critica linguae atabicae; Vol. LIT. Lipsiae, 1831-1833 8 Grammatik der arabischen Sprache. Lei pzig, 1859. (Ileppoe waaame - wa naTmicKoM sgpike Bonito B 1848 r.).mlomsy Aena. O6EIKHOBeIIIO ero CHcTeMa CBOAUTCA K Gonee O6CTOATeETBHOMY W pacpocTpateHHoMy H3.10KeHMIO AalHDIX, COOpanHbIX M3 THX MCTOYHMKOB. @aktu4eckuit MaTepvan, NpuBAcUeHHbIl MM, JOBOAbHO GoraT HM Gosce HAM Me- Hee MOMHO XapaktTepH3yer CTpoit apaGcKoro AMTepaTypHOro AsbIKa, HO CBOEO6- pasHad paciibieyaTad MaHcpa H3O%KeHMA He Bcerwa copelicrByeT ACHOCTH; COSHATe/IBHO OTHECTHCh K efO TpyAY H H3BJe4 M3 HETO MOAbsy MOXKET TOABKO TOT, KTO ye OCHOBATENbNO 31aKOM C apa6cKuM A3sbIKOM. CocTosive Hamel apaOucTu4eckoit NUTepaTypbI O4elHh XOPpOWIO XapakTepHsyeTcA TeM, 4TO Mp Bcex HegoctaTKax pa6ota M. T. Haspouxoro octaetca 0 CMX Nop NepBbIM H eQMHCTBCHHBIM B POccHM OMBITOM CHCTeMaTH4¥eCKOTO Hay4HOrO H3102%KeHHA cBoiicTs apaGcKoro s3bIKa. Bcc MOABAABINMeCA Tlocie Hero TpaMMaTUKH Mpe- cAeqOBaIIM UCKMOMTCAbHO yye6uyI0 Hemb. B stom NepHose B cocTaBreHHH Hx HavMHaloT MpHHMMaTb OAM3KOe yuacTHe apaGbI, BeALUMe MpenogaBalive B BbIC- INHX YHeOHBIX 3aBeeHHAX M OCOGeHHO OCTPO OMIyUlaBIllHe HefocTaTOK Moco- Oui Ha pyccKo ssbIKe. Bce 2ke npomino nourn 20 net noce noaBeHua «Ombi- ta» M. T. Happouxoro, noxa Bbliiia B CBeT Cllefyloulaa rpaMMaTHKa. CocTaB- neva OHa 6bIa neKkTopoMm JIasapesckoro Mucrutyta Boctouxpix A3spiKoB M.O.Arraeii (1852-1924), ypookentem JIamacxa"’, Ero «PyxosogcTBo> cbirpa- ZO GONbULYIO posb, P1aBHbIM O6pa30M B MOCKOBCKOM BOCTOKOBEAHOH WIKONe, 0 ¥eM FOBOPHT H GosbUI0e KOMMYECTBO ero M3faHUit M CBASAHHBIX C HAM TOCO- 6uit'S. B cmnicne HayaHom ata pabota mporpecca He mpenctanaana. He mano elf BpeM10 cMellenve JOrMaTH¥ecKOro W310%KeHMA rpaMMaTHKM Cc MpaKkTH4eC- KKM YUeOHHKOM, Ho ellie GobINe He BCera MpOBOAUMOe pasnHUHe Mexkny J1H- TepaTypubIM ASbIKOM H pasroBopHEIM. BumaHMe nocaeguero 4yBcTByetcA TO- 4TH Ha KaxkqOi CTpaHHile M BbIZBaIO B «PyKOBOACTBe> HeMasoe KOMYCCTBO HegopasyMenuit u axe NpAMBIX omtHGoK'’. [[mmteabHOe sHatenne 3a M.O.AtTTaw cBa 1M oGecneycHo H OHO COXpaHAeT TeNepb, r1aB- HBM 06paz0M, HcTopHuccKoe sHayeHue’”. Orcyterpve 1afibIxX rpaMMaTHK BbISbIBAIO K 2KH3HH B yaeOHO! cpese MHOr- Ha moco6ua yactuynoro xapaktepa. Jlo6prim c10B0M Hao MOMAHyTb GecnpH- TAZATEADUBI KOHCHEKT, KOTOpbIit ObLT BXOMY B AMTOrpacbupoBaliHoM Bue cpe- mau ctyzeutos C.-[letep6yprcxoro Yunsepcuteta Kona XIX vu Havana XX Beka". CoctaBienHbti no sanucam zexumit mpod. H. A. Meannkopa c mpu- BUICYEHHeM OCHOBHBIX HeMelKUX NOCcOGKi, OH ChITpa CBOIO Posh H BbIAepKaT 1 TIpaxrmieckoe pykoBoscrBo K nayuenmio apaécKoro sabika. Kasam, 1884. (Bropoe uananue-Kasanp, 1900; tperbe nananme - Mocksa, 1910). ‘SB caaau c mum cron . © Pan ux ucrpanzen A. Kpbimckum: «TaOsuua nonpanox x «IpaxrueckoMy pykoson- crpy su1A HayieHuA apa6cKoro maBIKa®, cocTaBneHHOMy M.O.ArTaeit (M. 1910)» 5 ero” padote «Cemutckue aatikw HW Hapogst. Yactb III, Mocxsa 1909-1912 r., crp. 499-514. Bospaxenna M.O.ATralt, BbINyUleHHEIe HM OTAeNHOH Gpounopoit K «Ipaktwteckomy pyKoBogcTBy M.O.Arraa, uajanuoit A. E. Kpsimcxwm 8 «Tpygax mo Bocroxosenenmo>. Mockea, 1912, TombKo Moka3as1M ero GecHOMOLHOCTb B COsHaTesbHOM aHanMse aKTOB A3bIKa. 'T Vickmouenne wano caenare na oTmena 06 apa6cKoM MpOMSHOUIeHMH B MOcTemHeM vanannn (crp. 1-19), Koropstit npunannexur A. E. Kppimcxomy (cm. ero ¢«CemutcKue S3bIKH M Hapombi». Yacrs III, Mockpa 1909-1912, crp. 490, mpum. 2) H ocraetca nones- HBIM B TOAHO! Mepe Ht Tenleps. 18 Apa6cxan rpamMarka lO eKIWaM mpus.-nou. H. A. Memumkosa, rpammaraKam Caspari-Miiller’a 4 Socin’a coctasuam M. Tape w H. Caiidpn. CIB. 1897 (B 1909 r. ona 6bi1a nepenisnana c AoTOAHeHHAMH cTyn. @. A. Banxom).Jake 4 BTopoc U3fanMe. Eme Baxuec 6puIo Apyroe moco6ue, H3jaHioe caMHM mpodeccopom H. A. Meaumkonpm - taGamubt copsxerma apa6cKux riaro- sos”. CocrapsicHHbie 10 o6pasiy Ta6zuy u3sBecTHOH yue6HOH rpaMMaTHKH A.Socin’a, om staqutembio Nomice u paspaGotamoe. lo KommuectBy zatt- HbIX THIIOB OHM 3aHMMalOT B eBponeiicKoli yueGHoit duTepatype nepBoe MecTO ¥ TOJIBKO HexoToptie GeiipyTcKHe H3fania UX nperocxogzaT”. OnoBpeMeHHO c 3-m w3qanuem <«Pyxosogcrsa> M. O.Arram noapnatach B C.-Ietep6ypre TpamMatuka, cocTanicriiaa Tose apa6om, nexTopom Yuunepcutera A. D.Xa- ma6om, ypoxeHtiem Tpunom™. PacnionoxKeraa Goce cHcTeMaTH4HO, ¢ y4e- TOM paga eppolteiickux um apa6ckux moco6uii, ona Mo cBOMM JOCTOMHCTBaM cout aHa‘irTembHO BbILe TeopeTuHecKoli wacT H. A. Meguukopa 103B0.14.10 aBTopy orpa- HWMTBCA JMU CCBUIKAMH Ha HX. B Hacrosiuee BpeMa HenomMioTa B O6OHX OTHOWICHHAX YYBCTBYCTCA OFEHb OMYTATEADHO, He FOBOPA y2Ke TIPO TO, 4TO HB Apyrux ormenax <[pammMatuka> A. @. Xauja6a cyMMupyeT MaTepvall He B ToM o6peMe, KOTOpbIH HeOOXOAMM pu HsyeHMH OGpasiloB cpemHero sMTepa- Typioro ssmiKa. 3a TocuemIMe Tosa ona CTasa TaKOH Xe GUOMOrpaduyecKo# PeAKOcTHIO, Kak H BCe ApyTHe TOCOGHA lia PyCCKOM ASbIKe. Tlepwog nocae nayata MupoBoli Boiitibr He OGoraTH pyccKyi0 uconyio Jute patypy OoAbiM KOAHYCCTBOM HoBbIX MponsBercuHit; ecu B OONacTH xpecto- MaTHif MOXHO OTMETHTb HECKOMbKO OMbITOB™, TO B O6sacTH TpaMMaTHKU 10 TOC- JeQHHX JeT HaM Obi M3BECTeH TOKO TepeBog ovepKa H. Stumme”. B Hemeu- KOM OpHTMHale HH MpeqvasHayaca At Tex MpeACTaBMTeNel HayyHDIX ciel amblocteli - He BOCTOKOBE/OB, KOTOPHIM ToAesHO NONyMUTH oOmee MpescTaBste- Hie O CTpyktType A3bIKa Ges 3HaKOMCTBA C apa6cKHM wIpudtom. Cxoeil ckpoMHolt es ON YROBAcTBOpsAeT Brome. Pyccxas O6paGorKka, BOCcTaHaBAMBaeT Hapaay C JaTHHcKOit TpaHcKpHMuMelt YacTHYHO H apabckyro, O6cToATenbHee H3zaraer JO- BO.IbHO MHOTO ftaparpacos M Aaet pan AoGanseuwit. B pesybrate ona Gonee ¥eM BABOe MpeBOCXOAMT OpHrHHasbHbIit TeKcT H MpeylcTaBAAeT KONCTeKT rpaM- MaTHKH, BIOMHe YAOBCTBOPHTeAbHOTO XapakTepa M AOCTATOUHbIit 7.10 MepBolta- Yasbioro Hay4yeHHA apa6ckoro a3biKa. IIpw ocHoBatembHbIX 3aliaTHAX TpebyeT- cA, KOHeYHO, OOpallleHue y2Ke K APYTHM, OovIee MOMHBIM CBOaM. TlocneqHee MpHXOATCA NOBTOPHTb, 3HaYHTeAbHO YCHAMB, OTHOCHTCAbHO yue6uuxa M1. [{. Arenno, spunemuicro 8 Mocxse 8 1926 rony*. Kak BHANO 13 © Tlapaqurmet raarombubx (opm apa6cKoro Knaccuyeckoro asbiKa, CII6, 1904. ® Takorst, wanpHMep, nlapamwrMbl B rpaMMatuKe Elementa grammaticae arabicae... auctoribus A.Durand et L.Cheikho. Beryti, 1896 (2-oe naa. 1910), spnymennnre B AOMOAHEHHOM BHC OTAebHbIM M31aHHeM. 2 Tpammatnka apabcxoro spa. Yacrs I. Sraonorna kracenveckoro asia. Cocta- sua A.©.Xama6. CH6. 1910. » Onn nepesncnicHbt y MeHsi B npeacroBHH K «HaYanbHoil apaGcKoit xpectomaran K. B. Onc-Bacnawenoit». Jlemmrpan, 1926, crp. 3-4. 2T. Illryne. Apa6ckuit aaprk. Tpammaratiecknii ovepk » o6paGorke JI. V. 2KupKowa. Mocxwa, 1922. * OcHownpie ancMcHTD! STHMOMOrMM apa6cKOrO s3bIKa HeOOXOAMMBIE JI TyUIHIeTO yC~ BOCHHA JPYTHX HIIKOB MYCY/MAHCKOrO BOCTOKA H CTMCKH HaHGorce ynoTpebuTeNb- HDIX. B TAKNX sabIKAaX apaGcKHX pas 1 BbIpaKeHMi (CCCP. Typkecranckme Kypest Boctoxoreenun PKKA). Llentpatsnioe uaaatemberao wapoxoa CCCP. Mockra, 1926garlabHA H TpCAHCTOBUA, Of MPeAHASHAyACTCA JUIA AMM, HSy4AIOUIAX He CTOABKO apaGckuii, CKOBKO APYTHe ASLIKM MYCYbMAHCKOTO BOCTOKa TPpysHO CKagaTb, HaCKOMBKO, pH YpesMeplioit KpaTKOCTH HaTOXeHUA, MoTpeGHOCTH MocTeEAHAX 6yAYT YAOBACTBOPCIIbI NOAHOCTDIO; AWA M3yYalouero apaOcKHit ASbIK yYeGUMK HegocTaTouen M M0 CBOel cucTeMe eqBa AM NpurogcH. Jloctarowwo OTMeTHTD, YTO B HCM OTCyTCTBYCT, HanpuMep, a36yKa M XapakTepHCTHKa 3ByKOB apa6cKoro asbika. B negabuec Bpems B Kuese Bbiilita HoBad apaGcKas rpaMMaTUka, COcTaB- nennasa T. [. Keamoii, AaMackuitleM No MpotcxoxpeHHWO, TATOMUeM yueOHbIX sapenenuit Hasapera u Kuesa25. Ona crapuT ce6e ncK.oWTeIbHO ysebrbIe We1K, OTKASbIBAACb OT HAYYHBIX aad, H CTPeMMTCA B CBASH C TlearorMyeckH- MM TpeGoBaHMaMis K MonyapHoMy H3aaoxKerio. Matepuan autepatypHoro a3biKa OrpaliMueH B Heli ONpeseCHHO M BAMAHMA pasroBOpHOro B Tako Mepe, Kak B uMenH B. OG6opotsr Bonpoc Orpuuaiue Bockauuanne V. Upxaoxenna Cruxocroxenne Jlerocuucnenne JIuqubie co6cTBertbre HMerHa TpamMatiueckve HasBaHiaBaeqenne. $1. Cemmrckne a85mKH. ApaGckH# A3bIK NpPHHAAACMUT K GHCAY COMMTCRUX. OTH ABEIKY CocraBAAioT 0co60e CeMelicrBo, OObeAMHeHHOe OOALMIEM HAAWSHDIM H SAKOHOMCPHDIM CXOUCTBOM CBOHX IICHOB H UX OOMEM UpoHcXoAye- HHCM H3 IpeMoxaraeMoro Mpassbika. a. Crpoi cemmrcxax ssbikos oTam4aeTca OT CTPOA APyTax SBEIKOB UPCRMYDICCTREHHO TEM, ITO CeMMTCKEM KopeHb COCTOET TOKO AS COTAACHBIX, Walle BCeTO H3 TPeX; TAACHBIe me, 63 KOUX TaKOBOH KOpeHh HeMPOHSHOCHM, BbIPARAaloT TPAMMATHICCKBE OTHO- menus. Tak, 4m uMeeT OOmee SHAYeHHe «yORCHHAD, xdmasa SHA- WaT «OH yOUAD, Hymusa «oH OMA YORT», KamuUs cyOuBaIONIUit », xamila cyOuTEHin, sama ayOnlictBo» HT. 2. 6, J[esenwe ceMMTCKHX S3bIKOB TAKOBO: 1. Accupo-BaBRAORCKEH 2. Expelicxo- onHHkHicKait sauagnolt, an. OnOselicKait 3. Apawelicradt { BOCTOWLI, HN. cHpAHCKHiT 4. Apasexni { cepepasit A. Cesepanie WORE 5. Acnocancendf seuoncenit aMxapcrnii. B. Wmusie B pow ovepems Kamaptit nabik AeANTCH Ha HApeTHA HTOBOpsI. "GFSO Kees 8. CpaBHenWe CeMHTCKMX ASBIKOB NOKASbIBACT 3AKOHOMEPHOCTS HX cxoqcrsa. Bor mpHMeps! Ha 38KOH «CeBePHO-CeMETCKOMY 1 CO- OTRETCTBYCT 10AHO-COMATCKOE Cv: «MED» «BMAD CASbIKD «UATLD «xya» acc.-BaB. wasdmy wyMy auwany 2aMmy Hanuumy exp. wasn =m atimon §=6camem = (neieu apam. weaia = =6wemM = nowiin = wamem §=nagiua apa6. cena, uemM = AUCH gauc vedic a@Hon. Canim cam — aacain gcamec naghac r. 1ucbao y cemnros kpaiiue pasamguo; cp. caor wa=acc.-Bas. Y", eBp. W, CHp. 2, apad. - senor. W. Bee Bayt CeMHTCKOTO MHCLMa KPOMe ACCHPO-BABHAOHCKOM KAHHOMHCH MPOHCXOAAT OT SHHAKHIICKOrO (xpesneiimee ww == W). B cay oco6esnocra cemmrckoro AgEIKOBOro crpod (cM. Boilie: a) @HHMKHiicKad MHMchMeHHOCTS oOxoguTcA Ges OG03HaTeHHA TAACHBIX; 3Ta Ke YepTa UpuCyMa B SHAIUTeABHOH cre- N@HK M MPOWHM CEMMTCKUM WHCbMeHHOCTAM KpoMe aCcHp0-BaBEAOH- CKOit H AONCCHACKOH, NOIb3Y!OWEXCA CAOTOBSIMH DACbMeHaMH. Hpome TOPO CeMUTSI NBOeTawT NACATE [BaKALI HOAPA OMY u TY me SyKBy. 4 C6aumenua. Han6oxee O1m3KHM_ K CeMBTCKUM A3bIKaM CUHTAWTCA XAMMTCKHe: erHneTcKHH c KonTCKaM, GepOepcKue H Ky- muTcKHe (Bce 8 Aspare). lostomy Hepegko ynorpeOanerea cBoqHOe HASBaHHE «COMHTO-XAMHTCKHE ASLIKH», OObERMAAIONICe 06a CeMeiicTBA KAK POJCTBCHAbIC. OMBITRI COMMKCHHA COMBTO-XAMHTCKHX ASBIKOB ¢ XPyruMH MeHee ycuemmst. § 2. Apa6cenit a3nrK. Apa6ckuii a3biK OTEMIAeTCA OT APYTHX COMUTCKAX ABBIKOB 60- Jee DOAHEIM COXPaHeHHeM SBYKOBSLIX, rpAaMMATHYCCKAX w CAOBAPHBIX GorarcrB CeMHTCKOTO Npassblka, a TAKE JAtbHeHMMM pasBATHeM OpM H OGoTamenBem cAoBaps 10 SachocAOBAbIX pasMepos. 1 Ogo xe u coScteerHoe wun Cuma (cep. U8, rpet. Xu, aa7. Sem), poxowa- ‘1axbHmgka cemmros (Kaura Bsrrua, 10.21 4 ca).a, Omno-apadckuit A3bIK MpeACTaBseH APeBHAMH HaATucAMM (manelicram, caneiickamm HT. J.), @ Take COBpeMeHEBDMA Gecmuch- MeHHLIMH HAPCUMAMH MEXPH, COROTPH H OXRAAH, Ha KOTOPBIX TOBO- par HeMHorowHcuenubie nxemena IOmno Apannn. 6. CepepHo-apadckui A3bIK HasBiBaeTCA OOSIIHO mpocTo wapa6cKiMo, 10 IpemMymectBy, H Mpegctapxed: 1) ApeBHEMH Haz- SHCAMH — AU{HGACKHMM, COMYACKUMH, CADCKMMH, aH-HeEMapcKon (328 Yr. Hameit spst), se6eqcxoi (512 r.) u xaypanckoii (568 r.); 2) Gorareiimed MHChMeHHOCTHIO MAPOBOTO 3HaqeHAA, NPOAosKat0- Meiica oT JOMCIAMCKOH 1Oa3nH JO Taser HaINHX Aue NOITH Ha O7- HOM H TOM we AHTepaTypHOM A3BIKe; 3) NOUTH GeCHMChMeHABIME Ha- pewHAMH HapolHOrO ABbIKa, OOcxymuBaIOIMMA 20 50 MuxAMOHOB apa6os 1 apadw30BanHbIX HHONAeMeHHRKOB. 8. JurepatypHnii a351K. B apesxeit Apapna Opiza pacupo- CTpaHeHa N03sHA, ClaraBMaHcA HA CLWHOM ASBIKe, HECMOTPA Ha TO, "ro apaber ye JaBHo rosopHaM no-pasHomy. [lepseni sxaqmrexb- Hb DaMATHEK apadcKoi uucbMeHHOcTa — KopaH, cowmHeHHbiii Ha ‘TOM 2Ke ABHIKe, HO C UpaMece!o OcoGeHHOCTell MeKKAHCKOM pew, 3a- Kpenus cnoii ASbIK B KavecTBe OOmje-apaGcKoro amTepaTypHOro. Cuta 3akpeMeHIA OKA3aIACh TAKOBA, ITO HECMOTPA Ha Goree TEM TBICAYexeTHOK ApeBHocTh Hopaka coppeMeHHbIe ofpasopanabie apa6nl, OABSyIOMIMecA B AOMAMMHeM ObITy POAHbIMA HapewHAME, oGnacamorca B OOmectseHHOl mMHSRH Ha TOM Me ANTepaTypHOM ABBIKE, AHI C YUPOMCHNEM rpaMMaTHKM H C OOHOBIeHHeM ClOBapA. Hapaay c Kopanom oOpasuama xopomero, K4accHueckoro ASbIKa CAYRUSH TARE JOUCIAMCKAA TO93HA H PEI GexyHHos. rv. Hapoxuprit aSbIK pactajaeTcA Ha DATE Raped: 1. Apapatiicxoe 2. Meconoramckoe | Asuatcrne 3. Capo-naxecrmuckoe 4. Ernuercroe 1 5. Marpa6cxoe! | Aapuxsucxne 4 Tox waspanuem Matpud «sanax» apace: pasyweror Cenepo-Sauazuyi Ao- pany (Mapoxxo, Axmup, Tysuc, Tpunoas, Inpus).Marpa6croe gapewe uMeeT oTmpbicka 1B Espone: 18a BEIMep- WEX HapeWWA-——AHARTYSCKOe H CHNEIHHCHOe, H OAHO yuexeRMee, HO CHAbHO HTAILAHH3OBRHHOC — MAILTHHCKOe, HOXYTHBMee MHChMeH- Hylo oOpasorTHy ¢ AATHHCKEM ae@aBETOM. Kamgoe Hapewe pacnajaeTca Ha MHOMeCTBO roBopos. B mpo- THBONOOMHOCTS AWTEPATYPHOMY ABLIKY, OOLEABHALOMICMY HE TOALKO CaMHx apasos, HO u OOpasOBaRHbIX MYCYABMaH BCero Mupa, HapeweA MTOBOPHI BMCIOT AMINE Y3KO-MCCTHOC 3HAYeHHC, PASBOAMHAA TOWIAC Raake cocequue JepeBnn. A» WuosanttHbie BAMAHHA Ba AWTepaTypHbIM ASbIK He BAYT AAIbMe CAOBAPA, TOTAA RAK B HapOsHOM OH OXBATEIBAIOT He TOABKO cXoBapb, HO H 3ByKOBOM cocTas H cTpo# pew. B cxosape anTepa- TYPHOFO ASbIKA BCTPCYAOTCA 32HMCTBOBAHHA W3 AZbIKOB: apameii- CKOPO, 3PHONCKOTO, Hepcw{cKoro, wHAuiicKoro, Tpeveckoro, JaTHA- cKoro, Nose — H3 Typenkoro, Sep6epckax H HOBBIX eBpoNelicKax. B wapoqvom ASbIKe HYRHO PAsIMIAT, BANAHBE MpOMAce — Aabl- KOB, BBIT@CHEHHEIX apa0CKHM, UM BAHAHHe HaCTOAUee — ASbIKOB, YHOTPCOARCMEIX B AABHOH MECTHOCTH Hapsyy ¢ apadcKuM. e. Apadckoe sauauue. PacnpocrpaHsach BCAe] 3a ICIaMOM, apaOcKnit ASBIK BHITECHHX PAR ASBIKOB (apameiickui, KonTCKMi, He- KoTopbie SepOepckue HT. J.) H CHAbHO NOBINAX Ha MHOTAe APyrHe ABBIKH. MycyxsMade Heapadckoro MpOACKOMMeHEA, BM. Wepcbl, TYpKH, BHAYCHI, Herpbi, Madaiing (cero A0 250 mMMAMHOHOB Ayu), MHINYT HA CBOHX ASbIKAK apabCKUMA OyKBAaMH A yHOTPeOAAIOT rpo- MAJHOe KOANYCCTBO apadckEx CXOB, MepeAabaA TAKOBbIe CBOHM He- MYCYAbMAHCKIM COCeAAM; HU. apad. dacedO «KapMad» nonax0 HOTTH BO BCe ASbIKH MYCYXbMaH, @ Yepes TypenKuii B AsbIKH BocTowolt Epponst # Jame B pyccrnit (Hapogmoe sens). SaBoeBanne Mcnanau apaGaMM BHeAPHAO MHORECTRO apadcKHX CAOB He TOJbKO B HCMaH- CKuH, HO JaxKe BO BCeMUpHbI O6Mx0N; HI. amehpa, aaxasu, aaKo- +oav, Kpome Toro, BCeMMpHO M3BeCTHbI MHOTHe apaéckue CAOBa, CBA- BaHHBIe C HCTOpHe H ObITOM BOCTOKA, HN. eusupe, cyaman, Laaug, amup, Hepegko apa6st caymuan nocpeqHuKaMa MemAy XPyrauE ABLIKAMU; HO. AAT. praccoe «cKopocneakan Jako apad. as-OapKgn,orxyaa uc. albaricogue u name afpuxoc. Mnorja apaécroe BAHA- wu OBIBACT CKPBITHIM, DOAUOYBCHHEIM; HU. OYRBA % B CMBICIE He- ugpecTuoll BeAUTHHEI B MATeMATHRe —cTapO-HCMAHCKad Uepeqaya apad. 1 (= we’ «Bell; HeTTO>). § 3. Apadckaa bua0l0rna. TlorpeGnocts usyquTb 3akonbi apaOcKoH pew, Kak Ona ObLa saneqarieHa KopaHom, 1 OrpasHTs BX OT MHOASKIYBBIX M MECTHEIX apaocKax 2e BAnARR BbISBALA K HUSH TY3eMRY10 apabcKy10 ou- aoxorHi0. OcoOenHocrs sTO eH10A0rMH — OTCYTCTBHe cpaBHUTexb- Horo H HcTOpHyeckoro MeTOJoB. HecmoTpa Ha 9TOT HeAOcTaToK, TPYASI PHIOAOTOB, B OCOGEHHOCTH Ae BX CAOBAPH apaOcKOTO ABbIKS, CAYHAT BeChMa THHBIM NOACMOPbeM Jaa eBpOnelicKol HayKA. Tysesmbie @nszoxora JeaaT rpammaTuxy Ha cap «yseune o eopuax, MOPGOIOTAA» H Haxe cyIeHMe O CBASH Pe, CHHTAKcHCy. Kpome toro oTm @HA0LOTU JatH NopaswTesbHO ToOUHOe ONMcAHHE 3BYKOB W SBYKOCOVeTaHEH apa6ckoH pew. B apa6cxnx cxopapax €10BA PACHOAOMEABI NO KOPHAM; HIT. "UCATM, MYCAUM, COATM HAXOLATCA nug cam, BO MHOPUX TY3CMHBIX CIOBAPAX UPHHATO pacnoAomenne NO OKOHTaHEAM. XopoulwMa uccxeqosareraMH apaGckoro ABbika ObIAH cpeaHe- BeKoBhle eBpelicKHe HOOT. SHaHHe ABYX POACTBCHALIX ABLIKOB — apackoro u eppelickoro — NoMor10 THM YUCHSIM OBA\eTS cpaBHA- TeAIbHDIM MeTOJOM H AOGHTLCA GoabMieH TOTHOCTH H ACHOCTH B pac- CMOTpeHHH cTpoa apadcKoH pew. Wcropmueckaii axe meToX BBezeR eBpOneHCKAM A3bIKO3HAHHEM H He OFeHE LABHO. Kak apa6cune, rax 4 eBpeiickne @ua0A0rM 3a60THanch 06 O6xerseHH BaNOMNHAWA CBONX UpaBMA, COCTABAAA OCOObIe UaMATO- BCHOMOTaTeABABIe CAOBa (VOCeS Memoriae), HOLeSHbIe H JAA eBpO- Relines. .