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ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНЫЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
I STUDY IN KHABAROVSK
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕРВОГО КУРСА
НЕЯЗЫКОВЫХ ФАКУЛЬТЕТОВ
Хабаровск 2007
1
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНЫЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
ГУМАНИТАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
I STUDY IN KHABAROVSK
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕРВОГО КУРСА
НЕЯЗЫКОВЫХ ФАКУЛЬТЕТОВ
Хабаровск 2012
2
Печатается по решению
редакционно-издательского совета
Дальневосточного государственного
гуманитарного университета
Ильиных Г.С.
“I STUDY IN KHABAROVSK”. Учебное пособие по английскому языку для
студентов первого курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I.
Хабаровск: Изд-во ХК ИППК ПК, 2012. – 51 стр.
Aaron Poole
Guest Lecturer
4
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ………………………………………………………………….
UNIT 1…………………………………………………………………………….
ABOUT MYSELF
UNIT 2……………………………………………………………………………
FAR EASTERN STATE UNIVERSITY OF HUMANITIES
UNIT 3……………………………………………………………………………
A.S. PUSHKIN
UNIT 4…………………………………………………………………………….
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
UNIT 5……………………………………………………………………………
KHABAROVSK
UNIT 6……………………………………………………………………………
KHABAROVSK KRAI
UNIT 7……………………………………………………………………………
PSYCHOLOGY
UNIT 8……………………………………………………………………………
PERSONAL COMPUTER
UNIT 9……………………………………………………………………………
RUSSIA
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ I………………………………………………………………….
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ II………………………………………………………………….
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ III…………………………………………………………………
ЛИТЕРАТУРА…………………………………………………………………
5
FROM THE AUTHOR
6
CLASSROOM ENGLISH
Buzz groups (a form of group activity in which groups of students have a brief
discussion to answer questions, generate ideas, etc.).
Brainstorming (a group activity intended to generate a lot of ideas, every suggestion
is recorded).
Flashcards.
Numbered Heads Together (students in each group number off and put their heads
together to share the answer; the teacher calls the number to designate which
student can answer for the team).
Work in pairs.
Roundtable (a good review activity when the teacher asks a question with many
possible answers; each team has one piece of paper that rotates around the team
where each student writes one answer on the list and passes it, the teammates may
help).
7
Модуль 1
ABOUT MYSELF
b) Which of these English words are equivalents to the following Russian words:
племянник, тетя, свекровь, двоюродный брат, зять, дядя, сестры и братья ?
Mother, son, nephew, aunt, cousin, father-in-law, mother-in-law, daughter-in-law,
son-in-law, uncle, grandfather, siblings
3) Read the text and say what you have in common with Andrei.
6) Translate into Russian, looking up words in the dictionary; write out all the
words that characterize a person:
Sergei has two close friends: Andrei and Victor. The three of them are so different
but that makes their friendship even better. Sergei is disciplined, serious, studious,
well-mannered and reserved. Sometimes he is bashful. He is also courageous, kind
and generous. Andrei is also brave and kind, but he is cheerful, communicative and
lazy. Victor is handsome, artistic, courteous and very friendly. He is intelligent,
sentimental and sexy.
He is also trustworthy. All of them are strong, pleasant, humorous and reliable.
9) Speak about your family using the following words and expressions:
was born, hometown, left school, entered the University, parents, large,
grandparents, relatives, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, friendly, former classmates,
dorms.
10
11) Ask one of the students similar questions and write ten sentences about
him/her. (You can work in pairs)
Note: *Не все слова в английском языке имеют соответствия в русском языке,
при переводе может использоваться описание: “Parenthood is not easy. –
Быть родителем не просто.”
** Одному английскому словосочетанию, слову могут соответствовать две
различные лексические единицы: to get married – жениться/выйти замуж,
spouse - супруг/супруга, parenthood – материнство/отцовство, sibling -
брат/сестра
*** Одному слову в русском языке могут соответствовать два и больше слов
в английском: ещё – else, other, another, more, still, yet, only. Сравните:
Кто ещё придет? – Who else is coming?
Какие ещё предметы тебе нравятся? – What other subjects do you like?
Дай мне ещё чашку чая, пожалуйста. – Give me another cup of tea.
Возьми ещё одну книгу в библиотеке. – Borrow one more book in the library.
Они ещё в спортивном зале. – The are still in the gym.
Она ещё не сдала экзамены. – She has not passed her exams yet.
Ещё вчера она была абитуриенткой. – Only yesterday she was an applicant.
**** When couples live together but do not get married they call each other their
partner.
18) Choose five flashcards, not showing them to the others. The students guess
what cards you have.
Word Families
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Noun separatist All separatists wish to be independent.
Noun separation After separation she moved to a new flat.
Verb separate Though we separated we are still friends.
Adjective separate My niece had a separate room.
Ann and Boris were close friends at school and often talked about their ….. and
honey-moon. They began to live together and Ann looked forward to his …… .
Boris ….. at Christmas. When they reached ….. age they got ….. .They invited
friends and some ….. from school as there were no relatives in their city.
Ann’s parents ….. when she entered the university and after their ….. both lived
abroad and Boris was an orphan. The wedding party was great.
Prefixes
The following prefixes give words a negative meaning:
Un- uneducated, unhappy, unemployed, unusual
In- ineffective, indifferent, inaccurate, inaction, inattentive, inability (обычно
добавляется к словам латинского происхождения)
Im- impracticable, impolite, immovable, impossible
Il- illegal, illegitimate, illiterate, illimitable
Ir- irregular, irrational, irresponsible, irreligious
Dis- dislike, disapprove, disagree, disorder, dishonest
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SUPPLEMENTARY READING
1) Read the texts without a dictionary and render them in Russian:
LIVE LONG
One Italian family really does have the key for long life. Consolata Melis
celebrated her 105th birthday Wednesday, and eight of her siblings, between the
ages of 99 and 78 – were around to watch her blow out the candles.
In fact, the Melis family has been named the longest-living family in the
world by Guinness World Records.The nine siblings – six girls and three boys –
have a combined age of 818 years.
The family comes from a village in a mountainous region of Sardinia, known
for the long and healthy lives of its residents. Consolata has 14 children, 24
grandchildren and 25 great-grandchildren. She is still active and and witty.
The Melis family says a simple Mediterranean diet, physical activity, hard
work and being surrounded by loved ones is essential for longevity.
A TRUE STORY
His name was Fleming, and he was a poor Scottish farmer. One day, while
trying to make a living for his family, he heard a cry for help coming from a nearby
bog. He dropped his tools and ran to the bog. There, mired to his waist, was a
terrified boy, screaming and struggling to free himself. Farmer Fleming saved the
lad from a slow and terrifying death.
The next day, a fancy carriage pulled up to the Scotsman’s farm. An
elegantly dressed nobleman stepped out and introduced himself as the father of the
boy Farmer Fleming had saved.
“I want to repay you,” said the nobleman. “You saved my son’s life.”
“No, I can’t accept payment for what I did,” the Scottish farmer replied,
waving off the offer.
At that moment, the farmer’s own son came to the door of the family hovel.
“Is that your son?” the nobleman asked. “Yes,” the farmer replied proudly. “ Let
me provide him with the level of education my son will enjoy. If the lad is anything
like his father, he’ll no doubt grow to be a man we both will be proud of.”
And that he did. Farmer Fleming’s son attended the very best schools and in
time, he graduated from St. Mary’s Hospital Medical School in London, and
became known throughout the world as the famous Sir Alexander Fleming, the
discoverer of Penicillin.
Years afterward, the same nobleman’s son who was saved from the bog fell
ill with pneumonia. What saved his life this time? Penicillin. The name of the
nobleman? Lord Randolph Churchill.
His son’s name? Sir Winston Churchill.
Someone once said: What goes around comes around.
14
To make a living – заработать на жизнь; bog – болото; mired to his waist – завяз
в трясине по пояс; hovel – лачуга; lad – парень; no doubt – без сомнения; to be
proud of – гордиться.
2) Read about some famous people. See Supplement 1.
Give their story.
Вопросы к подлежащему:
The doctor lives in this house. - Who lives in this beautiful house ?
A hat was in the box. - What was in this box ? The students must do it. - Who must
do it ? The Spanish language is not very difficult. - What language is not very
difficult?
EXERCISES:
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1) Ask four types of questions
Example:
The Orlovs’ moved to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk.
Disjunctive: The Orlovs’ moved to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk, didn’t they?
General: Did the Orlovs’ move to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk ?
Alternative: Did the Orlovs’ move to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk or Irkutsk ?
Special: Who moved to Khabarovsk from Komsomolsk ? Where did the
Orlovs’move from ?
A
1. Oleg is a good student. 2. They study at the Medical University in Khabarovsk.
3. Tom’s father is a world champion in wrestling. 4. The doctor will help you. 5.
Football is my favorite sport. 6. Seiko lives in Japan. 7. My cousin speaks three
foreign languages. 8. Sergei likes to watch TV at night. 9. Her friend was in Tokyo
last year.
B
1. Tim has lived in Khabarovsk since childhood. 2. We enjoy skating and skiing in
winter. 3. My brother is reading for his classes now. 4. Her favorite singer is Sting.
5. They bought a computer a year ago. 6. John makes many mistakes in his tests. 7.
The entrance exams to the University were rather difficult. 8. He was interested in
collecting stamps. 9. It often rains in my hometown. 10. It takes them half an hour
to get to the University. 11. She hates fast food places.
RIDDLE
To what question one cannot give a positive answer ?
17
TEST A
1. Give one word for the following:
Institution for educating children - …
Member of the same group - …
Building in which students live - …
My sister’s daughter - …
Mother and father - …
My wife’s mother - …
Grandfather and grandmother - …
Agreement to marry - …
Persons living in a house near another - …
A period between the terms - …
2. Give antonyms:
To be born, to divorce, friendly, working day, young, single, different, to finish
TEST B
1. Give one word for the following:
18
My father’s sister - …
My father’s father - …
My aunt’s daughter - …
Cousins, aunts, uncles, nephews, nieces - …
Father, mother, sons and daughters - …
A person who teaches at school - …
Brothers and sisters - …
A divorced person - …
A building on the campus where students live while they study - …
Students of the same group - …
Students borrow books there and read for their classes - …
2. Give synonyms:
To receive, large, to start, to finish, to take off clothes, well-known
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Модуль 2
EDUCATION
Word Families
Noun examiner The examiner asked not to use our mobile phones .
Noun examination The examination in Chemistry begins at 9.
Verb examine Professor Rogers examines students in Psychology.
20
Life is great ! I finished school with flying colors. I passed my entrance
exams* and became a university student. To study at the university is interesting
but not easy. We have a lot of required subjects.
Our classes begin at eight thirty in the morning and finish late in the
afternoon. After the third period we have half-an-hour interval. Some of us have a
snack or just a cup of coffee, some go to the café for lunch. When the lessons are
over we do not hurry home. Many of us go to the reading room to read for classes.
It is not easy to find a vacant seat there because the university has more than four
thousand full time students and about two and a half thousand correspondence
students. One can also see faculty** and post-graduate students there.
In the evening we go home. Some students live with their parents, some rent
a room or an apartment and many live in the dorms (the British call it "hostel"). Just
a few of the students are married and have a flat of their own.
I am happy to be a student, the only thing I don't like about it is the
examination session at the end of each term. There are exams in four or five
subjects. If students attend all lectures, seminars and tutorials and work hard during
the academic year they won't fail the exams. Those who cut classes are in for some
trouble. "No pain, no gain" as the saying goes.
Being a student is great and I wouldn't miss it for anything !
ACTIVITIES:
1) Write out five international words from the text and think of five sentences with
them.
3) Flashcard Games.
a) Students pair up and decide who will be the tutor and the tutee. The tutees give
their cards to the tutors who hold up one card at a time, showing the front of the
card with the English word. The tutees try to give the Russian equivalent. If the
answer is correct the tutor gives a praise and returns the flashcard. If the
response is not correct the tutor helps showing the back of the card and places
the card at the bottom of the stack of flashcards to practice again.
b) The tutor chooses four cards with verbal phrases and the tutee tries to guess
what cards.
c) The tutor shows a card and the tutee makes a sentence with it.
5) Work in pairs.
Take it in turns to ask and answer these questions:
1. What is your favorite subject ?
2. Did you study at preparatory courses ?
3. Do you pay for your education ?
4. What subject is difficult for you ?
5. How often do you go to the library ?
6. Where do you read for your classes ?
7. Do you like to prepare for your classes in the reading hall ?
8. Do you borrow books from the Territorial library ?
9. What is your major?
10. How many periods a day do you have?
7) Read the text and find information to answer the following questions:
When was the University founded ?
How many departments were there then ?
What new status did the University get in 2005?
What is the main mission of the University ?
Why are exact and natural sciences taught at the University of the Humanities?
Who studies at the University ?
13) Translate the sentences into Russian, paying attention to the different meanings
of the word “student”:
We passed our exams to the university and I am a first-year student now.
Usually students of elementary school have only one teacher.
I am a student of Physics.
The School of Physics and Mathematics was founded in 1936. Now it is one
of the largest at the University. SPM has a number of physics laboratories with
modern research equipment.
There is a memorial plaque to Evgeni Dikopoltsev, a Hero of the Soviet
Union, on the wall of the University who was a student in the SPM before he went
to the front during the second World War.
The School of Russian Language and Literature opened its doors in 1938.
More than 700 hundred students study here today. Selected students are offered
opportunities to practice teaching in China.
Founded in 1938, the School of History is one of the oldest. The faculty and
the students are proud of the archeological laboratory which is at their disposal.
Most popular schools at the University are the School of Foreign Languages
and the School of Oriental Languages. They are well known not only in our country
but also abroad.
The School of Physical Training started its work in 1947. Among the School
graduates there are many celebrated sportsmen of whom many are record holders
and Olympic prize-winners.
The School of Biology and Chemistry replaced the Natural Sciences and
Geography Department in 1950. Every summer the faculty and the students take
field trips to study the flora and fauna ecosystem of the Amur region.
The School of Arts and Graphics introduced a special program on
Developing National Cultures of the Far Eastern Territory in 1991.
Psychology and Management School is very popular in Khabarovsk, the
number of students studying there is growing.
25
One can learn about the history of our university, its dedicated teachers and
outstanding students at the university museum.
Our students take an active part in social life of Khabarovsk, participate in
sports competitions and contribute to charity programmes. Works of art made by
our faculty and students are known not only in our territory but abroad.
15) Buzz groups. Say five statements about your English classes..
The monument to Pushkin near the entrance to the main building has become
the emblem of our university. People bring flowers to the monument of the great
poet. Students of the Russian Language and Literature School study his works and
learn his poems by heart.
1) Read the following text and speak about the facts you know from Pushkin’s life.
And even today “Liberty” sounds like a universal truth. For this poem Pushkin was
exiled. The 21-year-old exile was seeking attention in a bizarre way: wore strange
clothes, a red cape, insulted elders. And he was fanatically touchy about his
“honor”.
Note:
«царь» is translated “czar” or “tsar”;
On January 27, 1837 those lines from “Eugene Onegin” sounded like a
prophecy, when a sleigh drove the greatest Russian poet homeward with a bullet in
his gut. By a frozen stream on the outskirts of St.Petesburg, he had dueled a
Frenchman. The wound was mortal.
27
Regimes come and go in Russia, but probably no man, neither czar nor
commissar, enjoys the enduring reverence accorded Pushkin. “In Russia a poet is
more than a poet” to borrow a line from Yevgeny Evtushenko, poets became
teachers, the beacons of the spirit.
For a century and a half he has been read for pleasure, and sometimes for
escape. Russian culture has no greater foundation stone than this man of modest
stature and slightly dark complexion who lived only thirty seven years. The fact
that he was a womanizer and a gambler spices his fame, just as those habits spiced
his works.
In the apartment where he died, Russians still weep for him, as tour guides
measure out the agony of his passing.
Pushkin was perfect in nearly every line. The Russian language sang as
never before. Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and other writers sought inspiration in
his works. His poems inspired Musorgsky, Tchaikovsky, Glinka, Rimsky-Korsakov
and Rakhmaninov. In all there are 20 Pushkin inspired operas as well as ballets and
other pieces of music.
8) Read and retell the text. Use a dictionary to find the meanings of the words you
don’t know.
28
The young genius wrote his first important work “Ruslan and Lyudmila” at
that time. Russians were delighted by this rhymed folktale based on ancient
legends.
The rules of exile were loose. Pushkin was writing “Onegin”, he gathered the
legends and published “The Fountain of Bakhchisaray”, he sent his verses to
friends in St.Petesburg for publishers. The censorship was strong and Pushkin in
public became very cautious.
Pushkin loved women and when he saw a pretty face, he would exclaim, “I
can’t live without her !” He once wrote that he had loved 113 women. Biographers
say this score included many momentary infatuations. Poem after poem sprang
from these encounters.
In Odessa he dared to court the wife of the local governor, Eliza Vorontsova.
She appears in numerous poems. But the idyllic time didn’t last long.
9) Work in pairs.
Find out if your partner:
likes poetry; learns poems by heart; reads poems in English: is going to participate
in reciting competition.
Tell the class what you learnt about your partner.
11) Read about Petr Komarov and retell the text in English:
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
30
At present the educational system in our country faces many problems
finding and providing qualified teachers, up-to-date textbooks and financial support
of the state. To solve these problems will require a great amount of time.
ACTIVITIES:
31
holidays? 5. Take any tie (besides/except) the brown one, father is going to wear it
tonight. (Besides/except) it does not match your shirt. 6. Andrei did well in all the
subjects at school (besides/except) Mathematics. 7. Psychology is a
(required/optional) subject at the Department of Management and Social Work.
4) Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the different meanings
of the word “school”:
1. A new secondary school was founded in our district.
2. He is old enough for school.
3. School age is different in different countries.
4. He left school when he was fifteen.
5. Last year school began at eight o’clock.
6. There will be no school tomorrow.
7. Our school hopes that its football team will win.
8. He entered the Management School last year.
9. The school of life taught him to be strong.
10. I am interested in the Dutch school of painting.
A) Middle school is called middle school because it’s in the middle of your
school years. Elementary school is behind you. High school and possibly college
still await you. Middle school often includes sixth, seventh, and eighth grades, but
you might go to middle school earlier or later, depending on how it’s done in your
area.
For a kid, going to middle school is often a big change:
First, it often means moving to a new building, which takes some time to adjust to.
Second, it may mean taking a different bus, with different students.
Third, the friends you made in elementary school may end up going to different
middle schools. Other things that probably will be different are the teachers and the
work. All that can make you feel a bit scared on the first day of school.
32
Have you heard rumors that middle school teachers are really mean and the
homework is really, really hard? Oh, dear. We’ve heard those, too, but they’re
generally not true.
B) Congrats! You never thought the moment would arrive, but here it
is...you’ve finally graduated from elementary school! Now it’s time to move on up
to the big leagues. That’s right...you’re about to take on middle school.
The transition to middle school is different for everyone. Some kids may find
themselves at an entirely new location, while other students may only have to
switch floors or buildings. No matter what kind of middle school you’ll be
attending, one thing always remains the same about this important step-up: it’s a
chance for adventure and to start with a clean slate.
You’ll encounter new people, new school subjects, new activities, and many
more teachers than you’re used to. This may seem scary because you’re now a
small fish in a big pond, but remember: all new experiences are frightening at first.
If you have the right attitude and solid info on what to expect, you’ll be a middle
school pro in no time.
(http://pbskids.org/itsmylife)
3) Work in pairs.
Two of you will argue for the decision to make a school uniform a must; and two of
you against a school uniform. Prepare your arguments and share your ideas with the
class.
4) Roundtable.
What should be changed in our education system ?
33
Модуль 3
KHABAROVSK
In 1858 the Russian military settlement Khabarovka was founded at the point
where the Ussuri river joins the Amur. It was named in honor of Erofei Khabarov,
the Cossack explorer, who came to the Amur region in the seventeenth century.
Later this trading and military post got the rank of city. In 1884 the Far Eastern
Territories became separate from Eastern Siberia and Khabarovka became the
administrative center and the home of the governor general of the area. It was
renamed Khabarovsk in 1893.
With the construction of the railway the town quickly grew into a modern
city. It is the capital of the Khabarovsk Krai (territory), one of the most vital cities
in the Russian Far East. With its population of more than 600 000, Khabarovsk is a
large industrial, cultural and educational center. It is also a well-known center of
international tourism.
Tourists are attracted by the splendid flora and fauna, picturesque places of
interest and customs and traditions of the native people. Khabarovsk museums offer
an excellent opportunity to get familiar with the history, culture, economy and
nature of the Territory. Khabarovsk has its own Art museum with masterpieces of
many famous artists and centuries old icons. The Geological museum displays an
impressive collection of minerals and semiprecious stones. There are several
professional theaters and a Concert hall in Khabarovsk. The Far Eastern Symphony
Orchestra is famous beyond the borders of our territory.
Khabarovsk is beautiful in winter and summer, its parks and squares, old
wooden houses and the mighty Amur river make it special. The architecture is
varied, reflecting different eras in the city’s history. Much reconstruction is going
on now. New cathedrals, modern buildings and roads have appeared. A new bridge
connects the banks of the Amur.
There are over 100 industrial enterprises producing ocean vessels and
pleasure boats, gas turbines, compressors, diesels, cables, equipment for fishing
industry and many other products. There is a big oil refinery here. The Heating
Equipment factory is one of the oldest and largest enterprises in the Far East. The
transition to market economy and structural transformations connected with it
affected our industries. The manufacturing companies are establishing a new
business infrastructure and trying to find new markets.
Khabarovsk is the main traffic junction of the Far East. The railroad between
Khabarovsk and Vladivostok was opened in 1897; the Amur Railroad line, the last
section of Trans-Siberian Railroad, was finished in 1916. The Khabarovsk airport
serves both domestic and international flights. There is passenger and cargo
transportation on the Amur river. The bus terminal provides regular services
connecting Khabarovsk with different parts of the Far East.
Today Khabarovsk is a city of students. There are more than thirty different
educational institutions where young people from the Far East study. At present
students from the Pacific Rim countries come to study at the institutes of
34
Khabarovsk. You can meet Koreans and Americans, Japanese and Chinese and
sometimes Europeans get training here too.
Flashcards
To extend - простираться; settlement - поселение; in honor of – в честь; an
explorer - исследователь; area – территория, площадь; borders - границы; to
attract - привлекать; the Pacific Rim – Тихоокеанский регион; well developed –
хорошо развитый; flora and fauna – флора и фауна; beyond – за пределами; oil
refinery – нефтеперерабатывающий завод; native people – коренное население;
traffic junction – транспортный узел; customs – обычаи, population – население,
mighty - мощный.
3) In groups of four, take turns describing your favorite place in Khabarovsk not
naming it. Your listeners should guess which place you are describing.
6) In pairs, create and ad about Khabarovsk for the Tourism Fair (для ярмарки
туристических фирм).
36
Unit 6
KHABAROVSK KRAI
The territory of the Khabarovsk Krai extends from south to north for 1, 780
km. from west to east for 750 km. in the widest part. Its area is about 800,000
square km. Most of the area is mountainous: Sikhote-Alin, Dzhugdzhur, Khingan
and Badzhal are the names of mountain ranges and ridges which are rather high.
More than 100, 000 rivers and 55, 000 lakes are in the territory. The Amur, the
Ussuri, the Tungusska, the Bureya and the Amgun are the largest. The major lakes
are Bolon, Udyl, Evoron and Orel. The rivers and lakes are rich in fish. More than
100 species of fish can be found in them, including sturgeons, salmons, mirror
carps, taimen, lenok, etc. There are many mineral springs that can be used for
medicinal purposes. Near Khabarovsk fresh water underground springs are located,
the water from which is widely used now for drinking and in industries.
The Khabarovsk Krai has the largest industrial production in the Russian
Federation. The major branch of the economy is heavy industry. The most
developed branches of heavy industry here are machine construction, ferrous
metallurgy and processing of the major natural resources: timber, pulp and paper,
oil and chemical processing.
The Khabarovsk Krai has high quality timber, coal, gold, tin, manganese,
tungsten and molybdenum. Our forests consist mainly of larch, spruce and fir trees.
Foreign trade is well developed in the Territory. Major export items are timber and
timber products, iron, steel and oil products and waste metal.
Two main railways cross the territory - the Trans-Siberian Railroad and the
Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM). Khabarovsk international airport is the eastern
gateway to Russia. The Amur River Steamship company ships more than thirty
million tons of cargo per year. Vanino, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, De-Kastri, Cape
Lazarev, Okhotsk, Mago and Sovetskaya Gavan are the ports through which the
Khabrovsk Krai and Russia are connected to the world.
The climate of the Khabarovsk Krai is monsoon over much of the territory
but it varies considerably in different parts because the territory extends greatly.
The climate is continental: winters are cold with little snow and strong winds, while
summers are hot and humid. Temperatures range from -22 (-8F) in January to 21
(70F) in July. Springs and falls are sunny and the sky is high and blue when the
weather is good. It is rainy during the second half of summer.
Strong courageous people, able to survive in difficult conditions settled in the
Far East of Russia. This land attracted migrants from European part of Russia and
Central Asia. Now people of different nationalities live here: Russians and
Ukrainians, Uzbeks and Tajiks and many others. The indigenous population of the
area includes Nanays, Ulchi, Orochi, Udeges, Nivkhs and Negidals.
The population of the Khabarovsk Krai is mostly urban: over three-fourths of
its inhabitants live in the cities.
4) Translate the following, paying attention to the meaning of the word “fresh”:
1. Fresh fruit
2. Fresh butter
3. Fresh paint !
4. Fresh weather
5. A fresh chapter
Below are some arguments for and against leaving the Far East. Read the
arguments.
Divide into pairs. Two of you argue for and the other two against. Prepare you
arguments working with your partner. Use the ideas given below and your own
ideas.
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FOR AGAINST
7) Read about towns and small villages of the Amur river region in Supplement 2.
Prepare presentations for the Conference “The Amur Land (towns and villages)”.
Speak about your home town.
Sister Cities
We live in the time when the period of “cold war” is over. Direct contacts
with neighboring countries are being developed. Economic and cultural cooperation
is mutually beneficial. “… We are all inhabitants of Planet Earth, and will have no
other planet to live on in the foreseeable future. We don’t want to perish in the
flames of nuclear war.” (Alexander Panchenko, former Mayor of Khabarovsk)
Sister City relationship promotes mutual understanding, enriches people and
helps to make our planet better. Given below is brief information about the Sister
Cities of Khabarovsk: Portland (U.S.A.), Niigata (Japan), and Harbin (the P.R.C.)
Portland
Niigata
Niigata City is the capital of Niigata Prefecture. It is the largest Japanese city along
the coast of the Sea of Japan and has a population of about 530,000. Niigata is one
of Japan's most important modern international ports.
It is surrounded by water. The Shinano and Agano, two of the largest rivers in
Japan, run through the heart of Niigata. It lays on a key point along trade routes in
the Sea of Japan. International exchanges with neighboring countries such as
Russia, South Korea and China are constantly expanding. Although Niigata has
grown into an important regional center of activity, the city has preserved its
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traditional culture, natural environment, and distinctive local character. When
Niigata is mentioned, many people often think immediately of the area's delicious
rice and sake or the city's beautiful sunsets, but the residents of Niigata themselves
take pride, rather, in the spirit of hospitality and community that so distinguishes
the city !
Harbin
9) Numbered Heads Together. Divide into four groups. Each group adds some
facts about one of these cities. Make presentations.
Niigata.
Harbin.
Portland.
Erofei Khabarov
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Khabarov was born around 1610 in northeastern European Russia, in the
village of Dmitrievo. As a teenager, he roamed through the Tobolsk area of central
Siberia, moving mostly by river boats further and further east. In the years 1632 –
1642, he established a successful farming and salt extraction operation in the Lena
River basin. In 1649, Khabarov, together with his 70 volunteers, mounted an
expedition “for the conquest of the lands of the Amur.” In 1650, he brought back to
Irkutsk a sketch of the Daur land on the left bank of the Amur (the Daurs are the
native people), and spread the news of its riches. During the following three years
Khabarov fought successfully with the Daurs, and other local tribes. News of these
successes reached Moscow, and a nobleman, Dmitri Ivanovich Zinoviev, was sent
to reward Khabarov and his band of conquerors.
However, once on the spot, Zinoviev heard many complaints and accused
Khabarov of misuse of state funds and illegal exploitation of his men and the
natives. “Having grabbed him by the beard” Zinoviev made Khabarov a prisoner
and sent him back to Moscow.
An investigation vindicated Khabarov, restored to him his valuables, and
raised him to the status of a nobleman. His petition to continue exploration was
denied, however, and Khabarov disappeared from the historical scene.
Nevertheless, the memory of Khabarov and his deeds was not erased from
the hearts and minds of the Russians. Almost two centuries later, the capital city of
the Amur territory was named Khabarovsk.
(From “Sister Cities”, Sept., 1988)
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Unit 7
PSYCHOLOGY
The science of the mind and the mental states and processes, of human
nature is Psychology. Psychologists use a variety of well-developed techniques to
gather information and develop theoretical explanations. They try to determine why
people think and act as they do. Much of contemporary psychology was regarded as
a part of philosophy at one time. Now most psychologists believe all facts of
human experience are the object of the science of psychology.
Some students find it difficult to think of psychology as a science in the same
sense that physics and chemistry are sciences. How can the tender feelings of a first
romance, the thrill of driving a sports car at 100 miles per hour, or the agony of a
defeated football team be described in objective scientific terms ?
However, most scientists believe that scientific analysis can be applied to
various areas of human existence and it serves humanity. Scientific research is
often divided into two categories: basic and applied, which usually go hand in hand
to provide understanding.
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two schools stand firmly against each other in definitions of psychology and in
approaches to it.
The most recent stage of evolution in behaviorism is the Cognitive Revolution. It
formally began around 1960. Bandura's cognitive-behavioral approach has become
very popular. Of course, not all behaviorists have accepted the cognitive revolution.
There are some recent developments in psychoanalysis. The most known are the
works of Allport, Murray and Erikson.
The newest large-scale movement in psychology is humanistic psychology.
Although it opposes behaviorism and psychoanalysis it builds on the best of those
approaches. It began in 1950s and it aims to replace the other two major forces.
Maslow is called the spiritual father of humanistic psychology.
He developed a theory of personality that focuses on our motivation to grow, to
develop and to fulfill all of our potentials and capabilities.
One of the significant trends is Activity approach, introduced and developed
by Russian psychologist A. Leontiev, who based his concept on the ideas of
culture-historic theory, suggested by L. Vygotskii and A. Luria.
Being a member of society each of us is going to be affected by
psychological research. As citizens we are consumers of its results and it is in our
interests to be intelligent consumers.
Erik Erikson
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He experienced several personal crises of identity in his early years. The first
such crisis was connected with his name. For many years he thought that his last
name was Homburges. It was the name of his stepfather. But the young boy thought
that Homburges was his real father.
Later at school in Germany his second crisis of identity occurred: he
considered himself a German but his classmates did not want to deal with him
because he was Jewish. At the same time his Jewish classmates rejected him
because his appearance was Aryan.
The third crisis occurred after graduation from high school. He couldn’t find
his own identity so he dropped out of society and traveled in Europe looking for
himself. He spent several years seeking his identity. Finally, at the age of 25, he
reached Vienna and took a job. He became a teacher in a small school. This school
was established for the children of Freud’s patients and friends.
At that time he received training in psychoanalysis, but he never continued
his formal education beyond high school. Erikson got married and found both a
personal and a professional identity.
Though Erikson did not receive any higher education he was invited to teach
at Harvard University and he became one of the most influential modern
psychoanalysts. Many psychologists and psychiatrists use Erikson’s theory about
the stages of psycho – social development when thy deal with developmental
histories of their patients. His works are important not only for psychoanalysis but
for education and social work.
Psychohistory is another contribution of Erikson. He has applied his theory
of the human life cycle to such figures as Mahatma Gandhi, Adolf Hitler, Martin
Luther, and George Bernard Shaw.
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Unit 8
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
Personal Computers (PCs) are part and parcel of businesses, engineering, health
care, scientific work and everyday life. PCs have become an important tool because
they are effective and convenient.
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1970s: Minicomputers and Supercomputers
In the sixties transistors were invented. This invention led to the development of
smaller, cheaper and more efficient computers. Minicomputers were more compact
and could be installed in places were a huge computer could not.
Later chips replaced transistors and computers became even smaller.
Communication, economy and trade were becoming more international and
complex in the late seventies. Supercomputers, like the Cray – 1, were built to help
work on large and complex problems, such as designing supersonic airplanes and
studying the global environment.
Y2k Problem
On the eve of 2000 the world anticipated big problems with the computers. Experts
of different countries spent much time and effort to prevent the computer disaster.
The problems were overcome and the Millenium started with minor
inconveniences.
XXIst century …
From the time that the first IBM Personal Computer (known to us as “the PC”) was
introduced in the fall of 1981, it was clear that it was going to be a very important
tool. The PC became the standard for serious desktop computers. From the original
PC a whole family of computers – a family with many branches – has evolved.
Each member of the family differs in its details and characteristics from its
relatives.
After years and years of costly and time-consuming process computers open up a
whole new world of telecommunications for us, provide the opportunity to publish
the electronic word, sound, image and motion segment.
1) Work in groups
Write a list of things you can do using a personal computer. Compare this list with
the one given at the end of the Unit. Have you missed anything ? What other things
you could do with a PC not mentioned there ?
Computers have been used in education since the 1950s in the United States,
Japan, England, Germany and other highly industrialized countries. Today every
school has some sort of computer system for administrative and educational
purposes.
In a large university there may be several high-speed mainframe computers
used for library data bases and for scientific research. The administrative
departments will make use of networked mini-computer work stations for purposes
of accounting, personnel and student record keeping, publications, and scheduling
of students, teachers, classes and classrooms. There is an Internet Server for the
University. Some departments have computer laboratories with networks of PC’s
(personal computers) for the purpose of student education in their specific fields.
And finally the teachers and students themselves have their own PC’s.
Even in smaller schools such as a local primary school, there will often be a
number of networked PC’s for administrative purposes. Often there will be a
computer laboratory where students learn basic computer skills. And it’s not
uncommon that several classrooms will have a stand-alone PC for use in delivering
lessons. The teachers very often have their own computer and students even as
young as 6 or 7 either have used a computer before, have one in the family, or have
one for their own personal use.
Different computer programs are provided for educational purposes:
Teaching, Testing, Drawing Programs, different Specialized Programs (for
mathematics, chemistry, physics, etc.) and the Computer-administered exam. There
is also language teaching software that can give a student individualized instruction
in a foreign language. (After Frank Jur)
3) Read the extract from the article “The Lifestyles of the Not-So-Rich” by L.
Zagalsky (published in “Popular Science”, a Times Mirror Magazine. August 1994)
and comment on it.
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“Personal computers were alien objects until the end of the 1980s, when
Mikhail Gorbachev passed a decree ordering “total computerization of the
country”. Every high school in the country was required to create “computer
classes,” where the kids could learn how to operate PCs.
Of course, the computers came from abroad. Russian PCs, as people joked, were
only good for cracking nuts.
Many people today have not enough money for computers. In the last couple
of years, though, some individuals have started buying PCs. Some are successful
writers who can afford to spend $1,500 – the equivalent of two years’ salary for the
average Russian. Others are the rapidly growing class of young wheeler-dealers,
who prefer laptops. They are mostly for show; I doubt that these young guys know
how to get much use out of them.”
The author describes the situation in 1994. Has it changed since then ? Do you
agree with all the statements in the article ? Find out how many students in your
group have a PC. Do you have a PC ? Do you have an access to Internet ? Do you
send and receive E-mail ? Do you enjoy using a PC ? Can you perform many
operations ?
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Unit 9
RUSSIA
Note: “an exclave” - a portion of a country geographically separated from the main
part by surrounding alien territory.
ACTIVITIES:
3) Find synonyms:
a. to extend, to inhabit, huge, powerful, different, famous, rapidly, feature, country,
large, border.
b. quickly, vast, well-known, great, to live in, mighty, element, to stretch, frontier,
state, various.
5) Read the texts about the government structure and economy of Russia. Render
the texts in English.
Government
5) Make Flashcards:
Independent - независимый, to border on - граничить, ethnic - этнический, relief
- рельеф, legislative - , executive - , judicial - юридический, to elect - избирать,
representatives - представители, to appoint - назначать, to approve of - одобрять,
private - частный.
After more than seven decades of Soviet rule, the regime of President
Gorbachev marked the end of repressive political controls and permitted nationalist
movements to arise in the constituent republics of the USSR. In 1990, Boris Yeltsin
and other reformers were elected to the Russian parliament. Yeltsin became
Russian president. Under Yeltsin, Russia declared its sovereignty (but not its
independence) and began to challenge the central government’s authority. In 1991,
Yeltsin was reelected in the first election for president in the history of the Russian
republic.
Following the coup attempt, the U.S.S.R disintegrated. With Ukraine and
Belarus, Russia established the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
The current constitution of the Russian Federation was approved in
December, 1993. It strengthened presidential power and established a mixed
presidential-parliamentary system.
Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia has had to confront
separatist movements in several areas. In the mid- and late 1990s, Russia took steps
towards closer relations with some of the former Soviet republics.
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Under Putin, Russia revived its ties with many former Soviet states and more
independent-minded former Soviet republics.
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Supplement 1
Sergei Kapitsa (14 February 1928 – 14 August 2012)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thomas Cruise
Mini biography
Thomas Cruise is considered one of the top 100 movie stars of all time. He
is one of the highest paid and most sought after actors in screen history. He was
born in 1962 in Syracuse. The only son (among four children) of nomadic parents
young Tom spent his boyhood moving from place to place, and by the time he was
14 he had attended 15 different schools in the US and Canada. He finally settled in
New Jersey, with his mother and her new husband. While in high school, he
developed an interest in acting, dropped out of school, and at age 18 headed for
New York and a possible acting career.
The next 15 years of his life are the stuff of legends. Tom Cruise is one of the
best liked members of the movie community. He was married to actress Nicole
Kidman until 2001. She and Cruise adopted two children: Isabella Jane (born in
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1993) and Connor Antony (born 1995). Despite their rock-solid image, the couple
announced in early 2001 that they were separating due to career conflicts.
Biography of
Nicole Kidman
Joseph Brodsky
Joseph Brodsky is a native of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg. He has lived in the
United States since 1972, when he was exiled from the Soviet Union. His poetry
has been published in twelve languages. Joseph Brodsky received the Nobel Prize
for Literature in 1987. He was chosen by the Library of Congress to serve as Poet
Laureate of the United States in 1992. Joseph Brodsky is Professor of Literature at
Mount Holyoke College, and resided in New York. The famous poet died in 1996.
Andrei Sakharov is often called the "father of the Soviet hydrogen bomb," but most
people know him as one of the twentieth century's most active fighter for human
rights and freedoms. The Nobel Committee awarded him the Peace Prize in 1975.
The Soviet authorities denied him permission to go to Norway to receive his award.
He was considered a dissident in the Soviet time.
Sakharov was born on May 21, 1921, the son of a physics teacher, in Vitebsk,
Belorussia. He remembers: "From childhood, I lived in an atmosphere of decency,
mutual help and tact, respect for work, and for the mastery of one's profession." In
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1938 he enrolled in the physics department of Moscow University where he was an
outstanding student.
Sakharov began to work on the Soviet nuclear weapons program in June 1948.
Later he wrote, "no one asked whether or not I wanted to take part in such work. I
had no real choice.” In a few months, the young physics graduate student came up
with a totally new idea for an H-bomb design.
He wrote about the horrors that the bomb would bring, about the necessity to stop
testing and began to attack the Soviet political system. Sakharov was fired from the
weapons program. He became an advocate of human rights. The Soviet authorities
sent him to exile in Gorkii in January 1980. His years of isolation ended in
December 1986, when Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev invited Sakharov to return
to Moscow.
Sakharov worked tirelessly to promote democracy in the Soviet Union until the
very last day of his life. He was elected to the Congress of People's Deputies and
appointed a member of the commission responsible for drafting a new Soviet
constitution. On the day he died, December 14, 1989, he spoke before the Soviet
Congress about the importance of political pluralism and market economy. Later
that evening his wife Elena Bonner found him dead in his study.
Zhores I. Alferov
(From his Autobiography)
Life goes on surprisingly fast. I have recently marked the 70th birthday.
My parents, Ivan Karpovich, and Anna Vladimirovna, were born and raised in
Byelorussia. At the age of eighteen my father arrived in St. Petersburg, in the year
1912. He got a job as a worker at a plant.
During World War I, he was a brave hussar. In September 1917, my father joined
the Bolshevik party and believed in the socialist and communist principles to the
end of his life.
Mother headed a public organization of housewives; worked as a librarian and
always remained our close friend. Learning was easy to me.
I was lucky in having an excellent physics teacher. After school I entered a
celebrated Ul'yanov Electrotechnical Institute in Leningrad.
Being a third-year student, I began to work in a laboratory. In December 1952, I
graduated from the Institute and began to work at the Physico-Technical Institute,
founded by Ioffe.
I am proud of what we had accomplished. We comprised a team of very young
people. Under the guidance of V.M. Tuchkevich we succeeded in working out
principles of transistor electronics. In May 1953, the first Soviet transistor receivers
were shown to the "top authorities".
Many discoveries were made later…
All that had been made by human beings and due to Science. And if our country's
choice is to be a Great Power, Russia will be the great power not because of the
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nuclear potential, not because of faith in God or president, or western investments
but thanks to the labor of the nation, faith in Knowledge and Science and thanks to
the maintenance and development of scientific potential and education.
When I was a little boy of ten, I read a wonderful book "Two Captains" (by V.
Kaverin). In my life I have been following the principle of the main character of
that book: "One should make efforts and search for. And having obtained whatever
the purpose, to make efforts again".
Of great importance here is to know what you are struggling for.
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Supplement 2
THE AMUR LAND
(towns and villages)
BOGORODSKOYE
BULAVA
Bulava was set up at the site of the former nomad camp. The name Bulava
came from an old Ulchi word “Bulau” which means Shaman’s walking stick.
The Ulchi people resemble the Japanese: they have broad faces and small
figure. The Ulchi region was established in 1922. In pre-revolutionary times, the
population of the town was only 66 residents, and there were less than twenty
buildings. At present Bulava spreads for two miles along the river side.
The local museum complex shows the regional lifestyles. The Ulchi people
do not have a written language of their own. Their education system is based on the
Russian and Nanai languages. The Ulchi are proud of their local but well-known
writer, Petr Dechuli. The first national Ulchi ballet “Nine Daughters of the Amur”
was staged in Bulava.
The residents of Bulava are engaged in lumbering, fishing and fish
processing.
KOMSOMOLSK-ON-AMUR
NIKOLAEVSK-ON-AMUR
TROITSKOYE
Troiyskoye is the center of the Nanai region. Some people think that it is
named after Ivan Troitskyi, a Russian settler. About 22,000 people reside here. The
local museum shows the lifestyle of the Nanai people. There are schools,
kindergartens and a movie theatre there.
The Nanai literary language is based on Amur dialect, they use the Russian
alphabet in writing.
People are employed in fish processing, lumbering, hunting, bee-keeping and
harvesting medicinal and edible plants.
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Supplement 3
MY HOMELAND
(PAGES OF HISTORY)
The forward movement of the Russians to the East to discover new lands was
mainly based on their initiative, enthusiasm and devotion to the exploration spirit.
Long trips to explore the East started from Yakutsk which became the gateway for
the Far East in the XVII century. I. Moskvitin, V. Poyarkov and E. Khabarov
prepared for their expeditions there, their detachments started from Yakutsk and
returned there with reports about their achievements. Russian Pacific epoch began
in late thirties, XVIIth century.
I. Moskvitin and his friends knew about the river Amur. They tried to
reach it from the sea and perhaps they visited the estuary of it.
Geographic and ethnographic information, collected by Ivan
Moskvitin, caused preparations for the new expeditions to the East.
First of all – to the river Amur. Rumors about a great river spread over
Siberia by 1636. It was known that the forest there was full of sable,
and that Daurians lived along the river banks.
II. People from Eniseysk, Maxim Perfiliev’s detachment of 36 Cossacks,
started their way to the South-East in 1638. They wanted to find the
great river and to learn about local inhabitants and wealth. Perfiliev
didn’t reach the river, but he did collect many stories about the area.
It means that two attempts to reach the Amur were made at the same time from two
directions: by Moskvitin and Perfiliev. It was not a competition, both Moskvitin
and Perfiliev’s primary concern was for Russia, but they also didn’t forget about
their personal interest but it just wasn’t their main interest.
III. The river Amur was discovered for Russia by Vasiliy Poyarkov some
years later. Poyarkov was a very intelligent man, well educated and
with wide range of interests. His detachment of 112 service men and
15 volunteers started its way from Yakutsk. Their goal was to reach
the river Amur.
Poyarkov himself was on the first boat. Their trip was difficult. They
passed the Lena, Aldan and many small rivers and built the first
winter quarters when they reached Stanovoy ridge. Part of the
detachment continued to the land of the Daurians to spend winter
there. Poyarkov and his people gathered information.
In spring they went down the Zeya river and came to the Amur. They
became the first Russian people who observed the Priamurskiy region
with their own eyes. They discovered it for the whole of Europe. The
way to the Amur river was now open to everybody.
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In the autumn of 1644, Poyarkov’s friends stopped near the Ussury river which is
the outskirts of Khabarovsk. Thus Poyarkov and his friends may be called the first
citizens of the future city.
Erofei Khabarov started on his way with his detachment in the spring
of 1649. He didn’t want to repeat Poyarkov’s way and chose another
route. They came to the river Amur by the river Urka. The builders of
Transsiberian railway memorialized him by naming the station located
at the crossing of the railway and the river Urka: “Erofei Pavlovich”.
Khabarov’s travel along the Amur was not easy or fast. He made a
draft of the Amur, with its tributaries, wrote reports, described the
indigenous population to the Moscow government and established its
right to the land.
Vasiliy Poyarkov was discoverer, but Khabarov’s travel was the real development
of the Amur territory, defining prospective businesses and lands appropriate for
settlement.
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ЛИТЕРАТУРА
Discover Portland the City of Roses. Smith-Western Inc. Portland, OR. U.S.A.
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Об авторе
Ильиных Галина Семеновна – кандидат филологических наук, доцент,
заведующая кафедрой иностранных языков Хабаровского государственного
педагогического университета, член Союза переводчиков России.
I STUDY IN KHABAROVSK
УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ПЕРВОГО КУРСА
НЕЯЗЫКОВЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
ЧАСТЬ I
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