8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

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Mathematics – Grade 8
Quarter 2 – Module 1: Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

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Development Team of the Module

Developer/Compiler:
JONATHAN C. INEZ – Teacher I, Don Sergio Osmeña Sr. Memorial NHS
Content Editors:
CHARLIE L. SALVE EdD – Principal I, Lahug Night HS
JACQUELINE ROSELLO – Principal I, OPRRA National HS

Language Editors:
MA. FE S. MACUL EdD – MT II/School Head, Buhisan Night HS
JESUSIMA B. JUMALON – Principal I, Punta Princesa Night HS

Reviewer:
MARITES V. PATIÑO EdD – EPSvr, Mathematics
Management Team:
RHEA MAR A. ANGTUD EdD - Schools Division Superintendent
DANILO G. GUDELOSAO EdD – Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
GRECIA F. BATALUNA – Chief EPS, CID
MARITES V. PATIÑO EdD - EPSvr, Mathematics
VANESSA L. HARAYO – EPSvr, LRMS

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 8

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 1
Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Mathematics 8 Module 1 on Problems Involving linear inequalities
in two variables!

This module was designed to provide you with opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take.
(Pre-Test)

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
(Objectives) the module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you

What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
(Review/Springboard) one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a story,
What’s New
(Presentation of the Lesson) a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
What is It
(Discussion)
and understand new concepts and skills.
This section provides activities which will
What’s More help you transfer your new knowledge or
(Application) skill into real life situations or concerns.

What I Need To Remember This includes key points that you need to
(Generalization) remember.

This comprises activities for independent

What I Can Do practice to solidify your understanding and
(Enrichment Activities) skills of the topic.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
(Post Test) competency.

This contains answers to the following:

Answer Key  What I Know
 What’s In
 What’s More

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is the list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in this module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

About the Module

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about the Problems involving linear inequalities in two variables. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module contains:

Lesson 1 – Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 differentiate linear inequalities in two variables from linear equation in
two variables;
 illustrate and graph linear inequalities in two variables; and
 solve problems involving linear inequalities in two variables.

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 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Joshua bought five apples and four oranges. The total amount he paid was at most
Php 200. If 𝑥 represents the cost of each apple and 𝑦 the cost of each orange, which
of the following mathematical statements represents the given situation?
A. 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≥ 200 C. 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 > 200
B. 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 ≤ 200 D. 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 < 200

2. What is the graph of linear inequalities in two variables?

A. Parabola C. Half-plane
B. Straight Line D. Half of a parabola

3. How many solutions does a linear inequality in two variables have?

A. 0 C. 1
B. 2 D. Infinite

4. Which of the following ordered pairs is a solution of the inequality 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 15?

A. (2,2) C. (3,1)
B. (3,2) D. (2,3)

5. Which of the following is a linear inequality in two variables?

A. 4𝑎 − 3𝑏 = 5 C. 3𝑥 ≤ 16
B. 7𝑐 + 4 < 12 D. 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒

6. Catriona is using two mobile networks to make phone calls. One network charges
her Php 5 for every minute of call to other networks. The other network charges her
Php 6 for every minute of call to other networks. In a month, she spends at least Php
300 for these calls. Suppose she wants to model the total cost of her mobile calls to
other network using a mathematical statement. Which of the following mathematical
statements could it be?
A. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 300 C. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≥ 300
B. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 > 300 D. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 ≤ 300

7. Mrs. Smith gave the cashier Php 500-bill for 3 adults and 3 children’s tickets that
cost more than Php 400. Suppose an adult ticket cost 75. Which of the following
could be the cost of children’s ticket?
A. Php 60 C. Php 45
B. Php 35 D. Php 30

8. The total amount Cora paid for 2 kilos of beef and 3 kilos of fish is less than Php
700. Suppose a kilo of beef costs Php 250. What could be the maximum kilo of fish
to the nearest pesos?
A. Php 60 C. Php 65
B. Php 66 D. Php 67

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9. Mr. Gregorio would like to minimize their monthly bills on electric and water
consumption by observing some energy and water-saving measures. Which of the
following should she prepare to come up with these energy and water-saving
measures?

I. Budget Plan
II. Previous Electric and Water Bills
III. Current Electric and Water Consumption Rates

A. I and II C. I and III

B. II and III D. I, II and III

10. Which of the following shows an example of a linear inequality in two variables?
A. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 300 C. 5𝑥 + 6𝑦 < 300
B. 5𝑥 + 6 = 300 D. 5 + 6𝑦 > 300

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 Lesson
LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES
1

What I Need To Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

o differentiate linear inequalities in two variables from linear equation in two
variables;
o illustrate and graph linear inequalities in two variables; and
o solve problems involving linear inequalities in two variables.

What’s In

Have you ever tried asking how an engineer determines the needed
materials in the construction of new houses, bridges, and other structures? Have
you ever asked yourself about how engineers budget the cost of the different
materials that will be used for their project?

Since in the previous lesson, you were able to learn the key concepts of Linear
Inequalities in Two Variables, now, we are going to understand further as to the
application of linear inequalities in two variables in real-life situation.

Are you excited to learn more about these? You will find out as you go through
the lessons. Good luck!

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 What’s New

Start the module by assessing your knowledge on the different

mathematical concepts previously studied and your skills in performing
mathematical operations. This may help you in understanding the Linear
Inequalities in Two Variables. As you go through this module, think of this important
question: “How do linear inequalities in two variables help you solve problems in
daily life?”

Example 1

A retailer sells two types of coffee beans. One type of coffee beans cost ₱9 per
pound and the other type costs ₱7 per pound. Find all the possible amounts of the
two different coffee beans that can be mixed to get a quantity of coffee beans
costing 8.50 or less.

Solution (Change all dollar sign to peso sign)

 Let x = weight of ₱9 per pound coffee beans in pounds.

 Let y = weight of ₱7 per pound coffee beans in pounds.

The cost of a pound of coffee blend is given by 9𝑥 + 7𝑦.

We are looking for the mixtures that cost ₱8.50 or less. We write the inequality
9𝑥 + 7𝑦 ≤ 8.50.

Example 2

Julius has a job as an appliance salesman. He earns a commission of ₱60 for each
washing machine he sells and ₱130 for each refrigerator he sells. How many
washing machines and refrigerators must Julius sell to earn ₱1000 or more
commissions?

Solution

 Let x = number of washing machines Julius sells.

 Let y = number of refrigerators Julius sells.

The total commission is 60𝑥 + 130𝑦.

We are looking for a total commission of ₱1000 or more, so we write the inequality
60𝑥 + 130𝑦 ≥ 1000.

Do you know that there are a lot of real-life situations that you
can be applied with linear inequality with two variables? To
understand and find out more, read and do the activities in
this module. Take a little break before you go on. Goodluck!

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 What is It

A linear equation in two variables can be written in the form

𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶 where a, b, c are real numbers and has ONLY one solution and order
pairs, while,

A linear inequality in two variables in an inequality that can be written in

one of the following forms”

𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 < 𝐶 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 ≤ 𝐶
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 > 𝐶 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 ≥ 𝐶

Where A, B and C are real numbers and A and B are not both equal to zero.

Examples:
1. 4𝑥 − 𝑦 > 1 4. 8𝑥 − 3𝑦 ≥ 14
2. 𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≤ 9 5. 2𝑦 > 𝑥 − 5
3. 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 < 2 6. 𝑦 ≤ 6𝑥 + 11

Certain situations in real life can be modeled by linear equations.

Examples:

1. The total amount of 1-peso coins and 5-peso coins in the bag is more
than Php 150.

The situation can be modeled by the linear inequality 𝑥 + 5𝑦 > 150, where 𝑥
is the number of 1-peso coins and 𝑦 is the number of 5-peso coins.

2. Emily bought two blouses and a pair of pants. The total amount she paid
for 2 items is not more than Php 980.
The situation can be modeled by the linear inequality 2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 980, where
𝑥 is the cost of the two blouses and 𝑦 is the cost of the pair of pants.

The graph of an
inequality in two variables is
the set of points that
represents all solutions to the
inequality. A linear inequality
divides the coordinate plane
into two halves by a boundary Plane Divider
line where one half represents
the solutions of the inequality.
The boundary line is dashed
for > and < and solid for ≤ and
≥. The half-plane that is a
solution to the inequality is
usually shaded.

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Let us try some examples:

1. y ≤ 2x − 1
Follow these 3 easy steps.

a. The inequality already has "y" on the left and everything else on the right, so no
need to rearrange.

b. Plot y ≤ 2x − 1 (as a solid line because y≤ includes equal to).

c. Shade the area below (because y is less than or equal to).

2. 2𝑦 − 𝑥 ≤ 6

a. We will need to rearrange this one so "y" is on its own on the left:

 Start with: 2y − x ≤ 6
 Add x to both sides: 𝑥 𝑥
2y ≤ x + 6
 Divide all by 2: 2
𝑥
𝑦≤ +3
2

𝑥
b. Now plot 𝑦 ≤ + 3 (as a solid line because y≤ includes equal to).
2

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c. Shade the area below (because y is less than or equal to).

𝑦
3. 2
+2>𝑥

a. We will need to rearrange this one so "y" is on its own on the left:
𝑦
Start with: 2
+2> 𝑥
Subtract 2 from both sides: −2 − 2
𝑦
Multiply all by 2: 2 2( > 𝑥 − 2) 2
2

y > 2x − 𝑦 > 2𝑥 − 4

2. Now plot 𝑦 > 2𝑥 − 4 (as a dashed line because y> does not include equals to).

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3. Shade the area above (because y is greater than).

Note: The dashed line

shows that the inequality
does not include the
line 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒.

How are you feeling after reading the lessons above? I am

glad to hear that you are still feeling better. Have a short
break or drink a cup of milk before you move on to the next
activity in this module. Goodluck and God bless!

What’s More

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

A. Tell which of the following is a linear inequality in two variables.

1. 3𝑥 − 12 > 12
2. 19 > 𝑦
3. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 < 7
4. 9(𝑥 − 2) < 15
5. 13𝑥 + 6 < 10 − 7𝑦

B. State whether each given ordered pair is a solution of the inequality. Justify your
answers.

1. 2𝑥 − 𝑦 > 10; (7, 2)

2. 𝑥 + 3𝑦 ≤ 8; (4, −1)
3. 𝑦 < 4𝑥 − 5; (0, 0)
4. 7𝑥 − 2𝑦 ≥ 6; (−3, −8)
5. 16 − 𝑦 > 𝑥; (−1, 9)

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C. Tell which of the given coordinates of points on the graph satisfy the inequality.
Write YES if the given coordinates satisfy the inequality or NO if it does not.

𝒚 < 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐
1. (0, 2)
2. (5, 1)
𝒚 < 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐
3. (−4, 6)
4. (8, 9)
5. (−3, −12)

D. Write each statement as a linear inequality in two variables.

1. The sum of 20-peso bills (t) and fifty-peso bills (f) is greater than Php 420.
2. The difference between the weight of Diana (d) and Princess (p) is at least 26.
3. Five times the length of ruler (r) increased by 2 inches is less than the height of
Daniel (h).
4. The price of a motorcycle (m) less Php 36,000 is less than or equal to the price of
a bicycle (b).
5. Thrice the number of red balls (r) is less than the number of blue balls (b).

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What I Need to Remember

 Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

 A linear inequality in two variables takes the form y > mx+b
or y. Linear inequalities are closely related to graphs of
straight lines; recall that a straight line has the
equation y =mx + b.

When we graph a line in the coordinate plane, we can see

that it divides the plane in half:

 The solution to a linear inequality includes all the points in

one half of the plane. We can tell which half by looking at
the inequality sign:

Inequality
Solution Set
Sign

The solution set is the half plane above the

> line.

The solution set is the half plane above the line

≥ and all the points on the line.

The solution set is the half plane below the

< line.

The solution set is the half plane below the line

≤ and all the points on the line.

For a strict inequality, we draw a dashed line to show that

the points in the line are not part of the solution. For an
inequality that includes the equals sign, we draw a solid line
to show that the points on the line are part of the solution.

 Graph Linear Inequalities in Two Variables

The general procedure for graphing inequalities in two

variables is as follows:

1. Re-write the inequality in slope-intercept form: y = mx +

b. Writing the inequality in this form lets you know the
direction of the inequality.

2. Graph the line of the equation y = mx + b using your

favorite method (plotting two points, using slope and y-
intercept, using y-intercept
10 and another point, or whatever
is easiest)
 Draw the line as a dashed line if the equals sign is not
included and a solid line if the equals sign is included.

3. Shade the half plane above the line if the inequality is ''greater
than". Shade the half plane under the line if the inequality is ''less
than".

What I Can Do

Directions: Answer the following questions. Give your complete solutions or

explanation.

1. The total amount John paid for 5 kilos of rice and 2 kilos of fish is less
than Php 600.

a. What mathematical statement represents the total amount John paid?

Define the variables used.
b. Supposed a kilo of rice costs Php 35. What could be the greatest cost
of a kilo of fish to the nearest pesos?
c. Suppose John paid more than Php 600 and each kilo of rice costs Php
34. What could be the least amount he will pay for 2 kilos of fish to the
nearest pesos?

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 Assessment (Post Test)

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. Rachel goes to a shopping mall to buy shirts and pants for her children. She has
a total budget of ₱200, and she is going to buy shirts for ₱25 each and pants for ₱20
each. Write an inequality to describe the possible number of shirts and Pants that
Rachel can buy. If Rachel buys 5 Pants, what is the maximum number of shirts he
can buy?
A. 5 shirts C. 6 shirts
B. 4 shirts D. 7 shirts

2. A garage worker goes to a nearby store to buy nuts and Bolts. He has ₱20 and he
is going to buy nuts for 80 cents and bolts for 100 cents each. Write an inequality to
describe the possible number of nuts and Bolts that he can buy. If he buys 10 Bolts,
what is the maximum number of nuts he can buy?
A. 13.5 C. 13
B. 11 D. 12.5

3. Rudolf goes to a bookstore looking to buy comic books for ₱15 each and CDs for
₱10 each. If he has a budget of ₱60, write an inequality to describe the possible
number of comic books and CDs that Rudolf can buy. If Rudolf buys 2 comic books,
what is the maximum number of CDs he can buy?
A. 3 CDs C. 4 CDs
B. 5 CDs D. 6 CDs

4. Mark goes to buy some food for his friends. He has ₱50 pocket money, and he is
looking to buy chocolate pies for ₱5 each and apple pies for ₱4 each. Write an
inequality to describe the possible number of chocolate pies and apple pies that
Mark can buy. If Mark buys 6 chocolate pies, what is the maximum number of apple
pies he can buy?
A. 3 Apple Pies C. 4 Apple Pies
B. 5 Apple Pies D. 6 Apple Pies

5. Steven goes to buy some flowers for his mother. He has a budget of ₱80, and he
is looking to buy roses for ₱5 each and carnations for ₱4 each. Write an inequality
to describe the possible number of roses and carnations that Steven can buy. If
Steven buys 8 roses, what is the maximum number of carnations he can buy?
A. 8 carnations C. 9 carnations
B. 10 carnations D. 7 carnations

6. Which of the following is a linear inequality in two variables?

A. 4𝑎 − 3𝑏 = 5 C. 3𝑥 ≤ 16
B. 7𝑐 + 4 < 12 D. 11 + 2𝑡 > 2𝑠

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7. Write the mathematical statement for Nicole bought 2 blouses (b) and 3 shirts (s)
and paid not more than Php 1,150.
A. 2𝑏 + 3𝑠 > 1150 C. 2𝑏 + 3𝑠 ≥ 1150
B. 2𝑏 + 3𝑠 < 1150 D. 2𝑏 + 3𝑠 ≤ 1150

8. How many solutions does a linear inequality in two variables have?

A. 0 C. 1
B. 2 D. Infinite

9. What is the graph of linear inequalities in two variables?

A. Parabola C. Half-plane
B. Straight Line D. Half of a parabola

10. James bought three grapes and two mangoes. The total amount he paid was at
most Php 150. If 𝑥 represents the cost of each apple and 𝑦 the cost of each orange,
which of the following mathematical statements represents the given situation?
A. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≥ 150 C. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 > 150
B. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 150 D. 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 < 150

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 14
What can I do?
1. Let x = kilo of rice
Let y = kilo of fish
5𝑥 + 2𝑦 < 600
2. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 < 600 3. 5𝑥 + 2𝑦 > 600
5(35) + 2𝑦 < 600 5(34) + 2𝑦 > 600
175 + 2𝑦 < 600 170 + 2𝑦 > 600
−175 − 175 −170 − 170
2𝑦 < 425 2𝑦 > 430
------ ------ he will pay
2 2 for 2 kilos of fish
𝑦 < 213
The kilo of fish must
be less than 213
Activity
A. C.
1. NOT a linear inequality with two variables 1. Yes NO
2. NOT a linear inequality with two variables 2. Yes
3. A linear inequality with two variables 3. No
4. NOT a linear inequality with two variables 4. No YES
5. A linear inequality with two variables 5. No YES
B. D.
1. Solution because 12 > 10 1. 𝑡 + 𝑓 > 400 20t + 50f > 420
2. Solution because 1 ≤ 8 2. 𝑝 − 𝑞 ≥ 30 𝑑 − 𝑝 ≥ 26
3. NOT a solution because 0 is not less than -5 3. 5𝑟 + 2 < ℎ
4. NOT a solution because 3 is not greater than 4. 𝑚 − 36000 ≤ 𝑏
or equal to 6 -5 5. 3𝑟 < 𝑏
5. Solution because 16 > 8
HONESTY is required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your
ANSWER KEY
References:
Electronic Sources:
Solving Problems involving Linear Inequalities with Two Variables, accessed
September 11, 2020
https://braingenie.ck12.org/skills/106727

Solve Real World Problems Using Linear Inequalities, accessed September 20, 2020
https://students.ga.desire2learn.com/d2l/lor/viewer/viewFile.d2lfile/1798/12938
/Algebra_ReasoningwithEquationsandInequalities8.html

Solving Linear Inequalities with Two Variables, accessed September 20, 2020
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_intermediate-algebra/s05-07-solving-
inequalities-with-two-.html

Slope (Gradient) of a Straight Line, accessed September 2, 2020

https://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/slope.html

COVER PHOTO Retrieved 27th Jun 2020 from www.canva.com

Books:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., et al. Mathematics 8 Learner’s Module, “Linear Inequalities in
Two Variables”, Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council
Secretariat. 2nd Floor Dorm G, Philsports Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City.
2013

Padua, Alicia L., et.al. Our World of Math “Problems Involving Linear Inequalities”,
Vibal Publishing House Inc.,1253 G. Araneta Ave., Quezon City, 2013

Images:
https://images.app.goo.gl/pZ2SQzZBY89a4BNC6
https://images.app.goo.gl/86iqQAZqMbimAC9N6
https://images.app.goo.gl/NF38GAYvZxDdF5hq5

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

o Name
o Grade and Section
o Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission as agreed with your teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you.
4. Return them at the end of the school year.

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