1.

Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight energy

2. Water sugar oxygen
3. Water

4.
5. Liquid entering, gas leaving
6. Reactants are the ingredients in a chemical reactions. Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight.
7. Matter: carbon dioxide, water, sugar, oxygen Energy: Sunlight (kinetic), glucose (potential)
8. Cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis, lower cuticle.
9. A. middle of leaf B. middle of leaf
10. the location of the veins in the leaf are centrally located so they have access to more of the leaf
tissue.

11.
12. Palisade mesophyll
13. Top half
14. The palisade mesophyll makes the whole leaf green because the cells there are the only ones
that contain chloroplasts, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
15. Cuticle  upper epidermis
16. P.m. = longer, bigger, contain chloroplasts, exposed to more sunlight, more complex (any
others?)
17. They are the largest = most volume. More chloroplasts can then exist and they have more room
to move around so they can take turns getting sun.
18. Chloroplasts here would be wasted since little light gets down to them. Not all cells in plants are
dedicated to photosynthesis because the plant has to be able to perform other functions of life.
Some cells, like the guard cells and spongy mesophyll cells regulate the products and reactants
in the leaf to make photosynthesis run at optimal levels.
19. The chloroplasts of these cells would block out some of the sun that would otherwise make it to
the p.m.
20. Protection from heat.
21. Control the intake and release of water.
22. A. stoma B. an opening, C. if the opening stayed open then water would
evaporate quickly. Luckily, the stomata depends on guard cells to open and close them. This
allows for control over transpiration and loss of water.
23. Guard cells close the stoma when it’s hot.
24. Stomata are the external access point to the internal air space.
25. Oxygen & carbon dioxide, water vapor as well.
26. During times when there is a lot of photosynthesis, oxygen would build up. There would also be
a finite quantity of carbon dioxide when they are closed. When the carbon dioxide runs out
photosynthesis stops.
27. It allows the leaf to retain water & use it for photosynthesis rather than lose it to transpiration.
They both control the amount of gases moving into and out of the leaf. This controls the rate of
photosynthesis as well.
28. Water, carbon dioxide enter the leaf cells. Sunlight energy powers photosynthesis as it enters
through the cuticle & upper epidermis.
29. Once oxygen & sugar are made during photosynthesis they are removed and transported to
different locations. Sugars are carried by phloem out to the plant and oxygen diffuses into the
environment through stomata.
30. Larger leaves = more surface area = more chloroplasts = maximum amount of opportunity for
photosynthesis.
31. No leaves prevent water loss through stomata.
32. Cuticles not necessary, stomata built differently, (others?
33. A. air space, central vacuole B. release what it doesn’t need & store what it does need for
later C. the cells stay in a relatively uniform shape. The distribution becomes much
more consistent then.