CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

This chapter deals with research method that consists of research design,

subject of the study, research instrument, data sources, data collection, and data

analysis and triangulation.

A. Research Design

In this research, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative research

because this research is presented by describing about the problem of this study

and it is not expressed in quantitative terms. The researcher will describe the

students’ ability in translation. The description is about the students’ ability in

translating 25 Indonesian sentences into English or replacing the source

language into the target language. It will also describe about the students’

ability which is measured by using 4 categories. They are grammatical and

lexical adjustment, adaptation, and addition. Therefore, in this research, the

researcher tries to describe the students’ ability in translating sentence for

sentence which is applied in the science program of the second grade in MAN

3 Kediri.

B. Subject of Study

The subject of this study is the students of science program of the

second grade of MAN 3 Kediri which consists of 4 classes. Every class has

different number of students. Science 2 has 34 students, Science 4 has 39

students, Science 5 has 38 students, and Science 6 has 26 students. So, the total

33
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of the students are 137 students. The subject is chosen to obtain the information

about the students’ ability in translating sentence for sentence from Indonesian

into English which consists of 25 questions.

C. The Research Instrument

Instrument is the device which is used by the researcher to collect data. 1

And the instruments of this research are test and the researcher. They are

intended to get the data related to the problem of this study.

1. Test

The first instrument is test. The example questions of the test are

taken from the exercises of Translation book by Drs. Sabrony Rachmadie,

M.A. They are tested in the form of essay and consist of 25 questions. They

are given to the students of the science program of the second grade which

has 4 classes by asking them to translate some Indonesian sentences into

English. The students are given 60 minutes to do the translation. Then, the

students’ translation will be measured based on the total number of true

answers which they have been done. So, the researcher asks them to

translate 25 sentences from Indonesian into English. The test is used to gain

the information about the students’ ability in translating sentence for

sentence.

2. Researcher
1
Jack R. Fraenkel & Norman E. Wallen, How To Design And Evaluate Research in Education
(America: McGraw-hill, 2006), 112.
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The second instrument of this research is the researcher himself.

After giving test to the students, the researcher spends considerable time to

analyze the students’ paper-test alone to gain the information about the

students’ ability in translating sentence for sentence. He will describe the

students’ ability in translating it deeply.

D. Data Collection

The data of this study is obtained from test and researcher. In collecting

the data, the researcher chooses the classes of science program as the subject of

the research. After getting the subject, the researcher distributes the questions

of the test. Before doing the test, the students will get an explanation to answer

the test.

The test is distributed to the students. The students have to answer 25

questions and submit them in 60 minutes. The test is done on 12 april 2012 at

10.30 a.m-11.30 a.m and 12.30 a.m-01.30 p.m and on 13 April 2012 at 08.15

a.m-09.15 a.m and 10.00 a.m-11.00 a.m. The students should answer the

questions without cheating their friends’ answers. This test is used to know

how far they understand translation from Indonesian into English.

After getting the test, the researcher analyzes the students’ paper-test.

The researcher wants to get the information of the students’ ability in

translating sentence for sentence by scoring their translations which uses

grammatical and lexical adjustment, adaptation, and addition on each sentence.

But, before showing the data, the researcher asks some advice from the expert
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of the matter to make sure whether the analysis of the students’ translation is

correct or not.

E. Data Analysis

After collecting all of the data, the data will be analyzed. The data of

the test is the students’ results in translating sentence for sentence. The result of

the test will be measured in 4 categories. They are:

1. Grammatical adjustment

2. Lexical adjustment

3. Addition

4. Adaptation

Each number of the questions will be measured based on those

categories. If a category is true in a number, the number will get score 1 for

each category. So, the students will get score 4 if they have 4 true categories

for each number. But, if they have 2 true categories for a number, they will get

score 2. Therefore, the calculation for the students’ result can be measured as

follows:

N = X1 + X2 + X3 + …+ X25

Note: N = Total score

X… = Score for each number

Then, it will be analyzed statistically by the following formula to get the

average of the students’ ability which is described as follows:

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Mean = The total of students’ score

The total of students

Note: Mean = The average of the students’ ability

After measuring the average of the students’ ability, the score of the

students’ translation is measured by the following formula to get the

percentage of the students’ ability in translation:

P = F/N x 100%

Note: P = Percentage

F = Frequency of the answer

N = Number of subjects

Then, the calculation of the students’ value can be categorized as follows2:

Interval Category
80 – 100 Very Good
69 – 79 Good
60 – 68 Enough
50 – 59 Poor
0 – 49 Very Poor

Afterwards, the students’ ability will be analyzed in the form of

description deeply by using the measurement of the categories and the

calculation of the students’ score.

F. Triangulation

Triangulation involves checking information that has been collected

from different sources or methods for consistency of evidence across sources

2
Based on the standard classification score in MAN Kota Kediri.
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of data3. There are 4 types of triangulation; they are data triangulation,

investigator triangulation, theory triangulation, and methodology triangulation4.

But, in this research, the researcher uses investigator triangulation because

before showing the result of the research, he needs some advice from the

experts of the matter to make sure whether his analysis of the students’

translation is correct or not.

The theory which is applied in the second chapter is used to answer the

statement of the problem. After the answer is found, the researcher also proves

it with the suggestions from the advisors of this research and the opinion from

some people who have ability in this matter. So, by using investigator

triangulation, the uncertainty of the interpretation in this research is greatly

reduced.

3
Donna M.Martens. Research and Evaluation in Education and Psychology 2nd edition
(California: Sage Publications, 2005). 25.
4
Michael Quinn Patton. Metode Evaluasi Kualitatif, terjemahan dari “How to Use Qualitative
Methods in Evaluation” oleh Drs. Budi Puspo Triyadi, M.Hum (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar,
2006). 279.