(A) Political institutions in Rome were weaker to begin with.

(B) The barbarian attacks destroyed more physical property and vital public works
in Rome.
(C) Roman emperors had more power than did Han or Gupta emperors, so their
downfall eviscerated the Roman Empire.
(D) Han China and Gupta India had strong religious/philosophical traditions to
provide continuity.
(E) The Romans were economically more self-sufficient than the Han or Gupta, so they had
no long-distance trade to cushion their fall

25.Which sailing technology allowed the sailors on the Indian Ocean to travel long
distances by taking advantage of monsoon winds?
(A) the square sail
(B) the wooden rudder
(C) the lateen sail
(D) the caravel
(E) lightweight masts

26.Which of the following was one of the most valuable commodities added to established
trading systems by the trans-Saharan trade?
(A) manufactured goods
(B) copper
(C) pottery
(D) salt
(E) spices

27.Why did the majority of the Chinese population during the Han dynasty live in eastern
China?

(A) They wanted access to sea trade and its accompanying wealth.
(B) The best farmland was concentrated along rivers in eastern China.
(C) They were more isolated from invasion from nomad peoples there.
(D) The best Buddhist centers were in eastern China.
(E) The Tibetans held control in the west, and they did not welcome Chinese
settlement in their area.

28.The people who transported goods across the Sahara and dominated trade across the
desert for centuries were the

(A) Berbers
(B) Bedouins
(C) Malays
(D) Ghanans
(E) Bantu

29.Which of the following characteristics contributed most directly to a tendency toward

political disunity in ancient India?
 (A) weak religious traditions
(B) lack of foreign trade
(C) weak social structure
(D) lack of strong political leaders
(E) diverse geographical features

30.Buddhists believe that a state of grace or nirvana may be reached by

(A) changing one's karma

(B) following the moral duties of one's caste
(C) being reincarnated as a Brahman
(D) following the eightfold path
(E) renouncing asceticism

31.What central feature of Hinduism did Buddhism reject?

(A) union with the universal spirit as a major goal

(B) use of missionaries to spread the religion
(C) the caste system
(D) the importance of ethical decision making
(E) reincarnation

33 Which of the following is a significant difference between early Christianity and early
Judaism?

(A) Judaism was originally polytheistic, Christianity was not.

(B) Christianity put more emphasis on missionary work, converting others to the
religion.
(C) The Roman Empire sought to eradicate Christianity but not Judaism.
(D) Christianity did not accept the spiritual authority of the Torah, which expressed
basic beliefs of Judaism.
(E) In general, early believers in Judaism were more persecuted by polytheistic
people than were early believers in Christianity.

34. Which of the following belief systems have their origins in China during the classical
era(1000BCE-500CE)?

I. Buddhism
II. Daoism
III. Legalism
IV. Confucianism