CLASS IX

CHAPTER CO-ORDINATE
CHAPTER-3 ORDINATE GEOMETRY

CARTESIAN PLANE:
• A Cartesian plane is defined by two perpendicular number lines: the x-axis,
x which
is horizontal, and the y-axis,
y axis, which is vertical. Using these axes, we can describe
any point in the plane using an ordered pair of numbers.
• The position of the point is located on a plane by drawing two lines perpendicular
to each other.
• The horizontal line is called x-axis
x axis and the vertical line is called y-axis
y
• The plane is called the Cartesian or ccoordinate
oordinate plane and the mutually
perpendicular lines are called axes.

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 QUADRANT
• The x-axis
axis and the yy-axis divide the plane in four quadrants.
• The points can lie in:
(+,+) - Quadrant I,
(-, +) - quadrant II
(-,-) - Quadrant III,
(+,-) - quadrant IV

PLOTTING OF POINTS
• (i) Firstly, check the sign of each coordinate of a point.
(ii) If both coordinates x and y has same positive sign i.e., (+, +), then the point
lies in first quadrant.
• (iii) If x-coordinate
coordinate has negative sign and yy-coordinate has positive sign i.e., (-,
( +),
then the point lies in second quadrant.
(iv) If both coordinate x and y has negative sing i.e, (-,
( -),
), then the point lies in
third quadrant.
(v) If x-coordinate
coordinate has positive sign and y-coordinate
y coordinate has negative sign i.e., (+, -),
then the point lies in fourth quadrant

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 • The x- coordinate of a point is called abscissa.
• The y-coordinate of a point is called the ordinate.
• The abscissa of every point is 0 on the Y-axis and the ordinate is every point is 0
on the X-axis.
• The coordinates of the origin are (0,0).
• The position of a point in a plane is determined with reference to two fixed
mutually perpendicular lines, called the coordinate axes. The horizontal line
called the x-axis and y-axis is called the y-axis.
• We can represent a point in plane (called a Cartesian plane or a coordinate
plane) by means of an ordered pair of real numbers, called the coordinates of
that point. The branch of mathematics in which geometrical problems are solved
using coordinate systems is known as Coordinate Geometry.

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SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Q.1Point (-3, 5) lies in the
(a) first quadrant (b) second quadrant
(c) third quadrant (d) fourth quadrant
Solution:
(b) In point (-3, 5), x-coordinate is negative and y-coordinate is positive. So, the
point lies in the second quadrant.

Q.2 Point (- 5,0) lies

(a) on the negative direction of the X-axis
(b) on the negative direction of the Y-axis
(c) in the third quadrant
(d) in the fourth quadrant
Solution:
(a) In point (-5, 0) y-coordinate is zero, so it lies on X-axis and its x-coordinate is
negative, so the point (-5, 0) lies on the X-axis in the negative direction.

Q.3 Points (4, -1), (2, – 2), (4, – 5) and (-3, – 4)

(a) lie in II quadrant
(b) lie in III quadrant
(c) lie in IV quadrant
(d) do not lie in the same quadrant
Solution:
(d) In points (4, -1), (2, -2) and (4, -5) x-coordinate is positive and y-coordinate is
negative, So, they all lie in IV quadrant. In point (-3, – 4) x-coordinate is negative
and y-coordinate is negative. So, it lies in III quadrant So, given points do not lie
in the same quadrant.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
Q.1 Plot the points 0(0, 0), A(3, 0), B(3, 4), C(0, 4) and joining OA, AB, BC and
CO. Which figure is obtained?
Q.2 Plot (3,-7) on Cartesian plane and mark the point as ‘A’. Find its distance
from the x-axis and y-axis.
Q.3 Which of the points P(0, 3), Q(l, 0), R(0, – 1), S(-5, 0) and T(1, 2) do not lie
on the X-axis?

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 Q.4 In which quadrant or on which axis do each of the points(- 2,9), (3,2), (-4,0),
(2,-3) lie?
Q.5 What is the abscissa of origin?
Q.6 At what point the axes intersect?
Q.7 What is the sign of y-coordinate below the x-axis?
Q.8 What are the coordinates of a point lying on the y-axis at negative 3 units?
Q.9 If the y- coordinate of a point is zero, then where does this point lie?
Q.10 What are the coordinates of a point whose ordinate is 5 and lying on the y-
axis?
Q.11 If the two points are A (-3,7) and B (-7,5), then what is (abscissa A)-
(abscissa B)?
Q.12 What is the sign of x-coordinate in quadrant II?

SAMPLE QUESTIONS:
Q.1 Plot the following points and write the name of the figure obtained by joining, them
in order P(-3, 2), Q(-7, -3), R(6, -3) and S(2, 2).
Solution:
Let X’ OX and Y’ OY be the coordinate axes and mark point on it. Here, point P(-3,2)
lies in II quadrant, Q(-7,-3) lies in III quadrant, R(6, – 3) lies in IV quadrant and S(2,2)
lies in I quadrant. Plotting the points on the graph paper, the figure obtained is
trapezium PQRS.

Q.2 Points A(5, 3), B(-2, 3) and D(5, – 4) are three vertices of a square ABCD. Plot
these points on a graph paper and hence, find the coordinates of the vertex C.

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Solution:
The graph obtained by plotting the points A, B and D is given below. Take a point C on
the graph such that ABCD is a square i.e., all sides AB, BC, CD, and AD are equal.
So, abscissa of C should be equal to abscissa of B i.e., -2 and ordinate of C should be
equal to ordinate of D i.e., -4. Hence, the coordinates of C are (-2, – 4).

Q.3 Write the coordinates of the vertices of a rectangle whose length and breadth are 5
and 3 units respectively, one vertex at the origin, the longer side lies on the X-axis and
one of the vertices lies in the third quadrant.

Solution:
Given, length of a rectangle = 5 units and breadth of a rectangle = 3 units
One vertex is at origin i.e., (0, 0) and one of the other vertices lies in III quadrant. So,
the length of the rectangle is 5 units in the negative direction of X-axis and then vertex is
A(-5, 0). Also, the breadth of the rectangle is 3 units in the negative,direction of y-axis
and then vertex is C(0, -3). The fourth vertex B is (-5, – 3).

Q.4 Plot the points P(1, 0), Q(4, 0) and S(1, 3). Find the coordinates of the point R such
that PQRS is a square.
Solution:
In point P( 1, 0), y-coordinate is zero, so it lies on X-axis. In point Q(4, 0), y-coordinate
is zero so it lies on X-axis. In point S (1, 3), both coordinates are positive, so it lies in I
quadrant. On plotting these points, we get the following graph.
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Now, take a point R on the graph such that PQRS is a square. Then, all sides will be
equal i.e., PQ = QR= RS = PS. So, abscissa of R should be equal to abscissa of Q i.e.,
4 and ordinate of R should be equal to ordinate of S i.e., 3. Hence, the coordinates of R
are (4, 3).

PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
Q.1 In figure LM is a line parallel to the Y-axis at a distance of 3 units.
(i) What are the coordinates of the points P, R and Q?
(ii) What is the difference between the abscissa of the points L and M?

Q.2 Find the coordinates of the point

(i) which lies on X and Y-axes both.
(ii) whose ordinate is – 4 and which lies on Y-axis.
(iii) whose abscissa is 5 and which lies on X-axis.

Q.3 Plot the points (x, y) given by the following table:

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 X 2 4 -3 -2

Y 4 2 0 5

Q.4 From the given figure, answer the following questions

(i) Write the points whose abscissa is 0.

(ii) Write the points whose ordinate is 0.
(iii) Write the points whose abscissa is – 5,

Q.5 Plot the following points and write the name of the figure obtained by joining them in
order:

P (– 3, 2), Q (7, 2), R (7, -3), S(-3, – 3)

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