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KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
METHOD
D STATEME NT FOR STA
ATIC PILE LO
OAD TEST
(LO
OADING TEST)
PRO
OJECT: STA RTS PHNOM
MPHENH HO
OEL
LOC
CATION: PH
HNOMPENH
H – CAMBODIA
Noovember, 20
015
00 30/11/20
015 1st Issuance TTHM
M NXD
Rev Date Deescription Prepareed by Revieweed & Approved by
1
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
1. Introductio
on
Thiss document describes tthe methodds and equip pment used
d in static looad
com
mpression teesting of fou
undation pi le using equ
uipment specifically deeveloped fo
or
the purpose.
2. TTest Objecttives
Instrumented SStatic Pile Lo
oad Tests a re carried o
out to deterrmine:
- Bea
aring capacity of the tessted pilot piiles
- The Load‐Settleement behaaviour of tessted pilot piiles
3. Load test P
Principle
2
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
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Installation
I n of hydraullic Jacks and
d dial gagees
b. Reaaction system
The reaction system
s con
ntains test beam (maain beam), cross beaam, Kent le
edge
(deaadweight off concrete b
blocks) and ground ancchorage (scrrew piles).
Apppendix I‐“Teest Layout and Setupp” present a detailed
d calculatioon and tessting
arraangement oof each pile size:
- Apppendix I‐1 –RReaction Syystem Capacity ‐ Ancho or pile detaails and capa acity
(com
mpression and
a tensio n) are estiimated from the Geootechnical data
madde availablle by Cliennts. Also included
i iss the field load testt for
verif
ification of a
anchor pile capacity
- App
pendix I‐2 – Example off Testing Arrrangementt is illustrateed including
g the
deta
ails dimensiion and num
mber of each member
3
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
Insstallation o
of anchor piiles
The ground an nchor consists of stee l tube segm
ment of 3mm with screewing blade es of
400mm. The screw piles are installeed into the ground byy using a toorque conve erter
mou unted on a excavator aand powereed by the hyydraulic systtem of the eexcavator. Each
screew pile is installed to a pre‐deteermined de epth with the
t applyin g torque being b
mon nitored and d recorded to ensure it has sufficient capaccity. The sc rew piles serve
s
the two purposses:
- Befoore the test while buiilding up th he Kent led
dge (stackinng the conccrete
bloccks), the scrrew piles w
will support all the weiight of the Kent ledge and
elim
minate the p possibility off excessive settlement and instabiility (Kent leedge
colla
apsing). Du uring this sttage, the sccrew piles support
s thee Kent ledg
ge by
mob bilizing the compressivve capacity.
- Durring the loa
ad test, the uplifting force
fo from the
t hydraullic jacks wiill be
balaanced by fiirst the Kennt ledge (w
weight of co
oncrete bloocks); once,, the
uplif
ifting force reaches thee capacity o of the Kent ledge, the ffurther reacction
is prrovided by tthe pull‐outt (tension) ccapacity of tthe screw piiles.
Insttallation off loading fra
ame
Usin
ng the com
mbined systtem of groound ancho
or and Ken
nt ledge haas some major
m
advaantages oveer the pure Kent ledge :
- Usin
ng less deaddweight as reaction, th
his leads to the safer ttesting proggram
with
h significan
nt improvem
ment in terrm of accid
dent prevenntion and Kent
4
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
ledgge collapse. The deadw
weight is firm
mly supportted by grounnd anchors thus
reduucing the ground movvement duriing testing – improvingg the quality of
setttlement readdings.
- The reaction comes
c from
m both deaadweight an
nd ground anchors hence
allowing a mucch higher teest load.
- Minnimize the ground ppreparation (ground strengtheni
s ing – suchh as
commpacted cru ushed stone,, steel platees and in so
ome cases stteel or conccrete
piless) to supporrt the Kent lledge system.
- Costt effective since a ssizeable po
ortion of test expensse comes from
f
tran
nsportation and handlinng of deadw weight.
On each test site,
s prior to
t setting uup the reacction system
m, one anchhor pile will be
testted for bothh compression/tensionn to verify tthe capacityy. The testinng procedu ure is
show wn in Appendix I‐1.
The design
n drawings classic reacction system
m
5
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
6
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
Main b
beam
Cross beeam
Base block
Instaallation of b
beams and b
blocks
7
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
c. Systtem of Movvement Meeasurementt
The system of settlement measurem ment consistts of by 4 diial gauges pplaced firmlly on
the two stable reference beams. Thee referencee beams should be staably installe ed to
ensu ure no influence of soil
s movem
ment or defformation of equipmeent. The 4 dial
gaugges with maximum strroke 100 m m accuracyy 0.01 mm w will be usedd for measu uring
setttlement of p pile head.
Furtthermore, observation
o ns of any m
movements of the reference fram
me will be made
m
by llevelling orr other method conseented by th
he Employe er’s Repressentative an
nd a
checck shall be made of the movemennt of the pile head rela ative to an external daatum
duriing the proggress of the e test.
Befo
ore testing,, the inspecction and ccalibration certificates
c of the diall gauges will be
subm
mitted to thhe Owner and Consultaant. These ccertificates are attacheed hereinaftter.
5. TTest Proced
dure
a. Preparration workks
Befo
ore testing, the following works shhould be prrepared:
- Testt site preparration: cleaaring, levelling and draiining of the
e ground;
- Prep
paration forr test pile hhead: removving and recast the pille head – th
his is
done by piling ccontractor;
- Mob
bilization off test equipm
ment to tesst site;
- Insttallation of ttest equipm
ment;
b. Loading procedurre
eloading
1) Pre
Prelloading will be carried out beefore testing for che
ecking opeeration of test
equipment and d for making good connnection between test beam and hydraulic jaacks.
The preloadingg will be performed by application of about 5% oof design load,
l
maintaining forr 10 minute es and then fully unload
ding.
8
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
2) Staandard load
ding proced
dure
The loading annd unloadinng shall be carried outt in stages as shown iin below Taable.
Follo
owing each h applicationn of an incrrement of lo oad the load shall be hheld for nott less
thann the period d shown orr until the raate of settlement is less than 0.2 5 mm/hr and is
slow
wing down. The rate off settlemennt shall be ccalculated frrom the sloope of the ccurve
obtaained by plotting values of settleement versu
us time and d drawing aa smooth curve
c
thro
ough the points.Each stage of u nloading sh hall procee ed after thee expiry off the
periiod shown in the below w Tables:
Table 1 –– Working Load Test
Loadd(kN)
C
Cycle Hoolding Time
(T
Tension & CCompressioon)
0.25x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
0.50x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
0.75x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
1.00x Wo rking Load 6 Hours
C
Cycle 1
0.75x Wo rking Load 155 minutes
0.50x Wo rking Load 155 minutes
0.25x Wo rking Load 155minutes
00 3 Hours
0.50x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
1.00x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
1.25x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
1.50x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
1.75x Wo rking Load 300 minutes
2.00x Wo rking Load 224 Hours
C
Cycle 2
1.75x Wo rking Load 155 minutes
1.50x Wo rking Load 155 minutes
1.25x Wo rking Load 155 minutes
1.00x Wo rking Load 155 minutes
0.50x Wo rking Load 155 minutes
00 6 Hours
At thee end of Cycle 2, the rresidual setttlement shaall be meassured until the recovery rate
less th
han 0.1mm//hr observe ed in a periood of not lesss than 15 m
minutes.
9
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
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UR NEEDS
3) Pro
ocedure of data record
ding
The reading freequency is sshown in th e below Table as stipulated in thee Specificatiions.
Instrume
ent ency of Moonitoring
Freque
After 5min,
A 10 min, 15 min and every
Dial Gagge 15 minutees
thereafterr
After 5min,
A 10 min, 15 min and every
Hydraulic Presssure Gage 15 minutees
thereafterr
Optical Le
evel Evvery 60 min utes
i. Abandonm
ment of load
d test
Testt shall be discontinued if any of thhe followingg occurs:
Pre‐jacking or pre‐lo
oading befoore the com
mmencemen
nt of the tesst
Impropeer setting off datum
Disturbeed or unstab
ble bench m
marks or scaales
Faulty off pile cap orr instability of the kenttledge
Failure o
of concrete to reach th e design co
ompressive strength
Faulty jaack or gauge
e.
Pile head
d crack or b
broken.
Initial readings are incorrect.
ii. Failure of ttest pile
The test pile sh
hall be deemed to havve failed if any one of the follow
wing criterions is
reacched:
- Pile materiaal is brokenn;
- A settlemen
nt ≥10% pilee diameter;;
- The rate of settlem
ment contin
nues undim
minished w
without furrther
increment oof load.
- Residual settlement >==1/2 Total se
ettlement
6. TTest Resultts
10
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
The test resultss willbe presented in tw
wo formats, tabular an
nd graphicall.
a. Tabular form
The data includding readings of load, time and settlement ttaken and rrecorded du uring
testting for tested pile shalll be presennted in "Pile
e Load Test Record" annd “Summarrised
Testt Results”.
b. Graphical form
m
From
m the test d
data, the following curvves shall be
e established:
Load ‐ Seettlement C
Curve
Settlemeent ‐ Time C
Curve
Load ‐ Tiime Curve
Load ‐ Seettlement ‐ Time Curvee
c. Textt part
In th wing conten ts should be mentione
he text partt, the follow ed:
Introducction;
Details o
of test pile;
Test purp
rpose;
Test metthod;
Test equ
uipment;
Loading procedure;
Test resu
ults;
Conclusiions and reccommendattions.
d. App
pendices
In th
he appendixx part, the ffollowing coontents sho
ould be men
ntioned:
Recordin
ng sheets off test data;
Layout o
of test piles;;
Documents of soil cconditions;
Certifica
ates of test eequipment.
7. Safety at W
Work
11
KH
HMER D&C TECHN
NICAL CO
ONSULTA
ANT co.lt
td
Address : No.D15, Stre
eet Betong, Sangkat toul Sanngke, Khan Russsey Keo, Phno
ompenh
KMOR
RE THA
AN YOU
UR NEEDS
During testing,, besides obeying
o reggulations off safety at work in coonstruction,, the
follo
owing rules should be o observed:
No entryy to test sitee for unauthhorized peop
ple;
All buildiing waste, m
mud, oil… oon test area should be ccleaned;
It is neccessary to have
h protecction metho
od for test equipment
t from rain, sun
shine;
Hydrauliic jacks, pummp, system of hydrauliic hoses, vallves and connnectors sh
hould
periodiccally checkeed and cleanned. Replacce timely the
e damaged parts;
The mob bilisation an
nd de‐mobiilisation of kkentledge a
and test eq uipment sh
hould
safety, d
do not block public traf
affic;
Should have
h safetyy method ffor installattion of kentledge. Peoople stay under
crane and in opera
ation area of
of crane
At eeach site, a dedicated safety officcer will be aassigned full‐time. Thiss employee e will
be iin charge of
o all HSE re
egulations aand has the
e authority to stop woork if necesssary
untiil correctivee action and d preventionn in‐place.
8. Certificate of equipme
ent and layo
out for worrking pile
- Appendix I‐‐“Test Equippment Certificates”
- Appendix II‐“Layout foor working p
pile”
12
Reaction Capacity for D 1400 mm ( 2 cycle Type: 1640 ton x 1,2 = 1968 ton).