Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
• Directional Terminology:
– anterior/posterior (ventral/dorsal)
– medial/lateral
– superior/inferior
– proximal/distal
• Anatomical Position:
– Standing upright
– Facing forward
– Palms facing anteriorly
– Feet forward
– Neutral position for every joint
Anatomical Terminology Continued
• Planes of Section:
– Coronal (Frontal) – divides a
structure into anterior and
posterior parts
– Sagittal – divides a structure
into right and left halves
– Transverse (Horizontal) –
divides a structure into
superior and inferior parts
• Vertebral column
Occipital Bone
Frontal Bone
Anterior View of Skull - Face
Superior View of Skull
Frontal Bone
L. R.
Parietal Parietal
Bone Bone
Occipital
Lateral View of Skull
Temporal
Bone
Landmarks of the Temporal Bone
External
Auditory
Meatus
Superior View of Base of Skull
Inferior-Posterior View of Skull – Mandible Removed
Anterior View of Orbit
Superior View of Base of Skull
Perpendicular Plate
(ethmoid)
Vomer Bone
Nasal Conchae
Nasal Conchae
Nasal Bones
Inferior View of Skull – Mandible
Removed
The Mandible
Body
The Hyoid
Located immediately
inferior to the mandible
Alveoli –
individual
sockets for
the teeth
Cranial Foramina
Olfactory Optic
Rotundum
Ovale
Spinosum
Internal
Acoustic
Meatus
Foramen
Magnum
Jugular
Hypoglossal
Canal
Internal
Acoustic
Meatus
Jugular Canal
Lacernum
Carotid Canal
The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae
C1-C7
Thoracic Vertebrae
T1-T12
Lumbar Vertebrae
L1-L5
Sacrum
Coccyx
General Features of Vertebrae
Lamina – portion of
the vertebral arch
between the
transverse process
and spinous process
Pedicle – portion of
vertebral arch
extending posteriorly
from the body
Body
Vertebral Arch
C1 - Atlas
No true body
Transverse Process
Inferior Articular
Surfaces are located
inferiorly and are less
concave
C2 - Axis
Body
Superior Articular
Surface
Spinous Process
Articulated C1 and C2
Cervical Vertebrae (C2-C7)
Transverse Foramen
Body
Transverse Process Pedicle
Superior Articular
Lamina
Surface
Superior View
Inferior Articular
Surface
Vertebral Foramen
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)
Pedicle
Body
Spinous Process
Inferior Articular
Surface
(facing anteriorly)
Vertebral Foramen
Lateral View of Thoracic Vertebra
Costovertebral Articulation
Lateral View
Superior View
Spinous Process
Inferior Articular
Surface
(facing laterally)
Vertebral Foramen
The Sacrum – 5 Fused Vertebrae
Body
Anterior View
Superior Articular
Process
Posterior View
Posterior View
The Coccyx – 3-5 Fused Vertebrae
Intervertebral Foramina
11
12
Costal Extremity Body/Shaft
Inferior View
Neck
Inferior
View
Articular Facet of
the Tubercle
Costal Cartilages
Jugular Notch
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process