Your introduction conveys a lot of information to your readers.

You can let them know

what your topic is, why it is important, and how you plan to proceed with your
discussion. In many academic disciplines, your introduction should contain a thesis that
will assert your main argument. Your introduction should also give the reader a sense of
the kinds of information you will use to make that argument and the general organization
of the paragraphs and pages that will follow. After reading your introduction, your
readers should not have any major surprises in store when they read the main body of
your paper.

Ideally, your introduction will make your readers want to read your paper. The
introduction should capture your readers’ interest, making them want to read the
rest of your paper. Opening with a compelling story, an interesting question, or a
vivid example can get your readers to see why your topic matters and serve as an
invitation for them to join you for an engaging intellectual conversation (remember,
though, that these strategies may not be suitable for all papers and disciplines)

Ideally, your introduction will make your readers want to read your paper. The
introduction should capture your readers’ interest, making them want to read the rest of
your paper. Opening with a compelling story, an interesting question, or a vivid example
can get your readers to see why your topic matters and serve as an invitation for them to
join you for an engaging intellectual conversation (remember, though, that these
strategies may not be suitable for all papers and disciplines)[.4]

Writing a Good Introduction

1. Presentation of the importance of the system software, algorithms

processes or an enterprise resource plan to be design and or developed.
This must be the start of the introduction.
2. Research Locale . tell something about the organization or group where
the research will be conducted. This organization usually is the target
beneficiary of the proposed system software.
3. The existence of an unsatisfactory condition; a felt problem that needs a
solution. A solution that involves development of the system software.
4. A desire to find a better way of doing something or improving the present
system.

Elements of Good Introduction

 1. Presentation of the importance of the software to be developed.
2. Description of the area under study.
3. A statement indicating that the improvement can be done.
4. A desire to find a better way of doing something or improving the
present[1]

Project Context

(Should be at least 2 pages of presentation and discussion)What will the researcher

do?

 The researcher must describe its prevailing issues based on his experience
when introducing the research problem.
 Project context gives a strong justification for choosing such research
problem based on his/her capacity.
 Finally, in the project context, provide a statement that shows the
relationship among the rationale of the study to the proposed research problem.

Purpose and Description

Definition of Research Purpose The research purpose is a statement of

"why" the study is being conducted, or the goal of the study. The goal of a
study might be to identify or describe a concept or to explain or predict a
situation or solution to a situation that indicates the type of study to be
conducted (Beckingham, 1974). The purpose statement identifies the
variables, population and setting for a study. Every study has an explicit or
implicit purpose statement. The research purpose should be stated
objectively or in a way that does not reflect particular biases or values of the
researcher. Researchers which do not recognize their values might include
their biases in their research.
The purpose and description as part of the outline for Capstone Project as
well as that of a computer science thesis involving software development is
similar but not identical to Significance of the Study of a Computer Science
thesis involving foundations of Computer Science. In writing purpose and
description, the proponent must state the function of his capstone project. It
should not attempt to claim that the project will add to the body of
knowledge. It is for this reason that the authors humbly submit, that
members of the panel of examiners should not ask the proponent(s) the
following question:"What is the contribution of your capstone project to the
body of knowledge?"[1]

This is because IT and IS capstone projects, generally, do not contribute to

the
body of knowledge but focuses on the contribution of the project to its
specific
or beneficiaries. ete, the importance of the capstone project must contain
explanations
discussions of any or all of the following.

1. The rationale, timeliness and relevance of the study.

2. Possible solutions to existing problems or improvement to
unsatistactoryconditions.
3.The beneficiaries, and how they are going to be benefited.
4.Possible contribution to the fund of knowledge (if any).
5. Possible implications.It is good to start the purpose and description by
providing the function of thecapstone project,[1]
 Objectives of the study

Objective is a purpose that can be reasonably achieved within the expected

timeframe and with the available resources. 11.
The objective of research project summarizes what is to be achieved by
the study. The research objectives are the specific accomplishments the
researcher hopes to achieve by the study.[6]

Objective is a purpose that can be reasonably achieved within the expected

timeframe and with the available resources. 11.
The objective of research project summarizes what is to be achieved by
the study. The research objectives are the specific accomplishments the
researcher hopes to achieve by the study.[6]

Writing your research objectives clearly helps to:

1. Define the focus of your study.
2. Clearly identify variables to be measured.
3. Indicate the various steps to be involved.
4. Establish the limits of the study.
5. Avoid collection of any data that is not strictly necessary.[7]

The objective of the study guide the researcher and the reader to know what the
proponent need to do. These usually follow the chronological sequence of the
statement of the problem and its specific questions.

Objectives are written by either in the beginning with an action verb or an

infinitive
Example.
To determine the efficiency of the system as perceived by the empployees;or
Identify possible problems encounter with the present system.

Example
General objective
 This study aims to develop a game application that uses genetic algorithm
for the game artificial intelligence that can compete with the abilities of the
human.[1]

Specific Objectives

1. To implement the battleship board game in mobile phone supported with

Google Android platform.
2. To develop artificial intelligence for battleship game with easy and difficult
level.
3. To use genetic algorithms in developing the game artificial intelligence.[1]

Notice that the Objectives of the Study is the same as the Statement of the
Problem. The only difference is that the latter is written in an interrogative
formwhile the former is in the declarative form. Thus, a researcher may use
of the two. In technical research like Computing, CHED's template strongly
suggested that we use Objectives of the Study instead of Statement of the
Problem for all IT/IS capstone project and Computer Science theses dealing
software development. Statement of the problem shall be used only for
theses in computer science dealing with foundations and mathematical
aspects of computer science. Normally, there are usually three to five
objectives of the study.[1]
 Significance of the Study and the Purpose and Description

Significance of the study is written as part of the introduction section of a

thesis. It provides details to the reader on how the study will contribute
such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it. It also
includes an explanation of the work's importance as well as its potential
benefits.[8]

Scope and Delimitation

The Scope and Delimitation of the Study should include a brief statement
of
the general purpose of the study, the target users/beneficiaries of the
study, theperiod of the study and the features of the proposed
software.The limitation of the study includes the weaknesses of the study
beyond thecontrol of the researcher. This section may be not be included
in the study if there is no such weaknesses of the study beyond the control
of the researcher.[1]

Definition of Terms

Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper,

pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of
acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or
report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are
clearly defined.Defining important terms is essential to ensure a common
understanding of key concepts and terminology is shared between the
dissertation author and his or her audience, particularly if the term is unusual or
not widely known. Clearly defining your terminology will enhance readers'
understanding of important terms.[10]

Generally, the Definition of Terms is not required either in Computer

Science theses and IT/IS Capstone projects, however, in case your project
will be Science Definition of Termsdifferent terms which will be
susceptible to different interpretations, this see
will be necessary.section.
Guidelines in Definition of Terms
1. Only terms, words, phrases, which have a special or unigue meaning in #
2 Terms should be defined operationally, that is, how they are going to be
1ise
3. The researcher may develop his/her own definition from the
characteristics of term are defined.Thus, the level of efficiency of a system
may be defined as a researcher-made scale to measure the efficiency.
4. Definitions may be taken from encyclopedias, boOks, magazines,
newspaper articles, dictionaries, and other publications but the researcher
must acknowledge his/her sources. Definitions taken from published
materials are
called conceptual or theoretical definitions.5 Definitions should be brief,
clear, and unequivocal (no double meanings).
Chapter 2.

Chapter 2
review of related literature (RRL) is a detailed review of existing literature related to the

topic of a thesis or dissertation. In an RRL, you talk about knowledge and findings from

existing literature relevant to your topic. If you find gaps or conflicts in existing

literature, you can also discuss these in your review, and if applicable, how you plan to

address these gaps or resolve these conflicts through your study.

To undertake an RRL, therefore, you first need to identify relevant literature. You can do

this through various sources, online and offline. Ensure you are saving all applicable

resources because you will need to mention them in your paper.[2]

Foreign Literature and Studies

Foreign Literature consists of foreign or from another

country news, information websites, and articles that
gives great relevance to your Research or Study. Foreign
Studies are foreign researches, studies, thesis, surveys
or any other methods of Research.

1 Foreign Literature gives a foreign background, that are relevant to the people
and is shared from the people often refers to public news articles which also
showed necessary data to help determine and support the Research of yours.
2 Foreign Studies are those Researches that are made from the foreign
background or with compliance with their own environment as another type of
society. It is also made by foreign researchers that uses new form or methods to
have the best results of their own study in their own country.

Other than those two there is also:

 Local Literature- are derived from our local news media or our own public
government sites.
 Local Studies-this refers to the researches and other studies that are
performed in our own setting or country.

These four are essential when it comes to backing up your Research, especially
when only few have conducted the same topic you are pursuing. Providing enough
or more than enough related literature and studies will surely help prove a point
and as to why it is relevant and why would you’re study be continued.
Elements of Literature Review
Literature reviews should comprise the following elements:
1. An overview of the subject, issue or theory under consideration,
along with the objectives of the literature review.
2. Division of works under review into categories (e.g. those in
suppport of a particular position, those against, and those offering
alternative theses entirely .
3. Explanation of how each work is similar to and how it varies from
the others.
4. Conclusions as to which pieces are best considered in their
argument, are
most convincing of their opinions, and make the greatest contribution
understanding and development of their area of research.
Aim of Literature Review
The aim of a literature review is to show the reader what the
researchers have read, and have a good grasp of, the main published
work concerning a particular topic or question in the particular field.
This work may be in any format, including online sources. It may be
separate assignment, or one of the introductory sections of a report,
dissertation or thesis. In the latter cases in particular, the review
Will be guided by the research objective or by the issue or thesis
arguments and provide the framework for further work.It is very
important to note that the review should not be simply a description
of what others have published in the form of a set of summaries, but
should take form of a critical discussion, showing insight and an
awareness of different arguing theories and approaches. It should be a
synthesis and analysis of the relevant published work, linked at all
times to your own purpose and rationale.

According to Caulley (1992) of La Trobe University, the literature

review should:

o Compare and contrast different authors' views

on an issue
o group authors who draw similar conclusions
 o criticize aspects of methodology
o note areas in which authors are in disagreement
o highlight exemplary studies
o highlight gaps in research
o show how your study relates to previous studies
o show how your study relates to the literature in
general
o Conclude by summarising what the literature
says

In a broader context Hart (1998) lists the following purposes of a

review:

 Distinguishing what has been done from what

needs to be done;
 Discovering important variables relevant to the
topic;
 Synthesising and gaining a new perspective;
 ldentifying relationships between ideas and
practice;
 Establishing the context of the topic or problem;
 Rationalising the significance of the problem;
 Enhancing and acquiring the subject vocabulary;
 Understanding the structure of the subject;
 Relating ideas and theory to applications;
 Identifying methodologies and techniques that
have been used;
 Placing the research in a historical context to
show familiarity with state-of-the-art
developments.

Synthesis

Related Studies
Published as well as unpublished research studies are sources of materials
which may be included in this section. The research studies may also be
identified as foreign or local.[1]
Related literature are often from journalist or any officials whereas the opinions and
facts presented matters and can affect the masses’ opinion and thinking. Related
Studies are from researchers or from official public offices, and thesis from different
universities and libraries.[4]

iting Sources In-Text.

1. Whenever you quote, paraphrase, summarize, or otherwise refer to the
work of another, you are required to cite its source by way of
parenthetical documentation.
2. American Psychological Association (APA guidelines and the Chicago
Manual of Style. These guidelines require that you use parenthetical
citations to document quotations, paraphrases, summaries, and other
material from a source used in your paper. These in-text citations
correspond to the full bibliographic entries found in a list of references
includedat the end of your paper. Unless otherwise noted, electronic
sources follow the same pattern as printed ones.
3. To cite a specific part of a source, indicate the page, chapter, figure, table,
or equation at the appropriate point in text. Always give page numbers
for
quotations. Note that the words page and chapter are abbreviated in such
text citations:

(Cheek & Buss, 1981, p. 332)

(Shimamura, 1989, chap. 3)

Synthesis

Synthesis is important in scholarly writing as it is the combination of ideas on a

given topic or subject area. ... Synthesis involves combining ideas together.
Summary: Overview of important general information in your own words and
sentence structure.
　　　　Synthesis Synthesis means to combine a number of different pieces
into a whole. Synthesis is about concisely summarizing and linking different
sources in order to review the literature on a topic, make recommendations, and
connect your practice to the research.[5]
　　　　
　　　　In this section, the researcher should be able to convince his reader
that his
　　　　thesis or capstone project is not a duplication of other's work. In case
that the
　　　　proposed thesis or capstone project is a continuation of a previous
work, this
　　　　section should give emphasis or justification why the proposed thesis
or capstone
　project as the case may be, is needed. Example of a good justification is when
the
previous work recommends that further improvement is needed to maximize
the
benefits of his work. There may also be a need to continue with the present
investigation to affirm
　　　　or negate the findings of other inquiries about the same research
problem or topic
　　　　S0 that generalizations or principles may be formulated. These
generalizations and
Principles would be the contributions of the present investigation together With
other studies to the fund of knowledge.

Technical Background