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Piyush Bhatt, a grocery-shop owner in Pune, India, has seen more shoppers reaching for
Gillette razors, Tide detergent and Pantene shampoo, an indication Procter & Gamble
Co.'s recent push in India is helping its sales.
But Mr. Bhatt won't carry P&G's Olay or Pampers in his 400-square-foot "supermarket,"
which carries everything from frozen chicken to cosmetics. His reason: The cream is
pricey for his shoppers and the diapers require too much space.
Mr. Bhatt's reaction highlights the growth potential and challenges for P&G as it tries to
expand in the world's second-most-populous country. Confronting a consumer-spending
slump in the U.S. and Europe, it recently began a battle to lure Indian consumers,
cutting prices on such brands as Pantene and ramping up marketing for others like
Pampers.
The Cincinnati giant still faces obstaclesin its drive to grow faster in India: It lags behind
rival Unilever; price cuts and investments could dent local profits, and small grocers
remain slow to carry some of its brands.
But that hasn't dimmed P&G's ambitions for India, where the $24 billion consumer
packaged-goods industry is growing at 12% a year, according to Nielsen Co. "As P&G
reaches its next billion consumers, a lot of them have to come from India," says Sumeet
Vohra, P&G's India marketing director.
Still, India illustrates the challenges of emerging markets, where consumer companies
are accelerating their investments. P&G officially set up in India only about two decades
ago. Now it is trying to take on Hindustan Unilever, the Indian Unilever subsidiary,
which has dominated the local market for decades and is responding with its own
promotions and distribution push.
"This is a market that we own, and we are not going to cede anything. If it comes at the
cost of short-term profitability, we will find ways of recouping that," says Gopal Vittal,
executive director for home and personal care at Hindustan Unilever. "We've been here
75 years, and we are not going away."
Detergents have been turf for promotional battles. A few months ago, P&G launched a
more-affordable detergent variety called Tide Naturals and later increased packet sizes
on that brand without raising prices. Hindustan Unilever slashed prices on one-kilogram
packets of Rin detergent powders from 70 rupees ($1.53) to 50 rupees earlier this year
and relaunched Wheel, its lower-priced brand.
Price competition has risen in U.S. supermarkets as well. But in India it can serve an
added purpose: getting consumers to trade up or try new categories. P&G obtained a big
foothold in the Indian razor industry through its Gillette acquisition, but many Indian
men still use the local barber. P&G recently cut prices on some razors to attract users.
In the past six years, P&G has made strides in many areas by grabbing share from
smaller competitors and Hindustan Unilever. But it still lags behind its Anglo-Dutch
competitor in key areas. In shampoos, for instance, P&G has increased its share to 25%
from 15% over the past six years, but it is still below Hindustan Unilever's roughly 46%,
says Manoj Menon, an analyst at Kotak Institutional Equities. In detergents, he
estimates P&G has a share of 8% to 9%, compared with Hindustan Unilever's 37%.
Mr. Vohra says P&G ensures that price changes are "financially sustainable" by finding
offsets such as cost reductions. For the past eight years, the company's sales in India
have been growing 20% a year and have reached $800 million annually, he says.
Hindustan Unilever—which also has a food business—had sales of roughly $3.8 billion in
its latest fiscal year.
Sharp differences in income make marketing goods for daily use a tough proposition
here. India has a growing number of affluent consumers, but millions still survive on
daily wages. Many families have never used a disposable diaper.To explain the benefits
of diapers to mothers, P&G is sending thousands of marketers to hospitals and door to
door. "Most mothers use [Pampers] when they go to a party, a temple. We are trying to
convince them to use it overnight so a child can enjoy uninterrupted sleep," Mr. Vohra
says.
Meanwhile, Mr. Vittal's company will have marketers going in vans to nearly 40,000
rural villages this year, using DVD players to show villagers the company's brands and
giving live demonstrations on using products like diapers. Hindustan Unilever sells
Huggies diapers in India through a joint venture with Kimberly-Clark Corp. Bob Black,
who oversees emerging markets for Kimberly-Clark, says the company may eventually
introduce some of its wipes in India. To get consumers to trade up, Hindustan Unilever
has launched Cif surface cleaners and Comfort fabric conditioners.
But Indian consumers remain a tough sell. Ratna Chalvade, who makes a living cleaning
houses, says she won't switch to shampoo from soap despite lower prices for Pantene
because it is still too pricey.
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During this period, Procter & Gamble Home Products also re-
launched the international range of Head & Shoulders, best-
ever Anti-dandruff shampoo with an improved formula, new
pack-design and logo, in three variants - Clean & Balanced,
Smooth & Silky and Refreshing Menthol, which offers the fine
combination of anti-dandruff efficacy and hair conditioning.
During the same period, Pantene also hosted Hair Asia Pacific
2002 the biggest Hair Cutting & Styling event in Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. Pantene Hair Asia Pacific is a prestigious
international hair cutting & styling contest attracting expert
hairdressers and beauty care advisors from more than 13
Asia Pacific countries.