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CARTOGRAFÍAS
CARTOGRAFÍAS ()
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CARTA
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PORTADA
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DOCUMENTA
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Melancolía
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L
X\jZ\eXdl\jkiXX[fjdla\i\jpXlee`fhl\j\ekX[fjj\Zf^\ecXjdXefj#
a escena muestra a dos mujeres y a un niño que sentados se cogen las manos,
`dgfk\ek\j#XcX\jg\iX[\hl\legcXe\kXccXdX[fD\cXeZ_fc`XZ_fhl\ZfecX
impotentes, a la espera de que un planeta llamado Melancholia choque con la
K`\iiX%8ci\ZfefZ\icf`e\m`kXYc\[\cXZfc`j`e#\c[\jXc`\ekfj\Xgf[\iX[\cfj
Tierra. Al reconocer lo inevitable de la colisión, el desaliento se apodera de los
!"#$%&'#
Director g\ijfeXa\jhl\#kiXjlefjdfd\ekfj[\[\jZfeZ`\ikf#XZ\gkXeZfeXgXkXcX
personajes que, tras unos momentos de desconcierto, aceptan con apatía la
)23456&789:2,*;6656
!"#$%&'()*+",-.&&%&
]XkXc`[X[%Jle`ZXXZZ`e_XZfej`jk`[f\e\i`^`i\c\jhl\c\kf[\leXZ_fqXhl\#j`e[l[X#
fatalidad. Su única acción ha consistido en erigir el esqueleto de una choza que, sin duda,
()"&'#*
Editora i\d`k\XcX`[\X[\cXZXjXZfdfi\]l^`fXek\cXXd\eXqX\ok\i`fi%CXkiX^\[`XefZfecc\mX
remite a la idea de la casa como refugio ante la amenaza exterior. La tragedia no conlleva
)29<2&=4;>2&7623?8
!"*/"'0$.1"'(&"#2) cXkiXej]fidXZ`e[\cdle[fZfefZ`[f#j`efjl[\jXgXi`Z`e%Gfijlgl\jkf#\jkXdfj_X$
la transformación del mundo conocido, sino su desaparición. Por supuesto, estamos ha-
YcXe[f[\cXck`dXg\cZlcX[\CXijmfeKi`\i%<jki\eX[X\e\c]\jk`mXc[\:Xee\j[\cXf
blando de la última película de Lars von Trier. Estrenada en el festival de Cannes del año
+',-$.'/()"&'#"*0
Consejo Editorial
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pasado, Melancholia parece un síntoma de lo que hoy acontece en la cultura, especial-
)29<2&=4;>2&7623?8
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mente en nuestro país.
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Diseño y edición
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Si nos atenemos a las múltiples declaraciones y opiniones que sobre los efectos de la cri-
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sis económica se han vertido en la prensa a lo largo de este año, se diría que una profunda
ki`jk\qXj\_XXgf[\iX[f[\cj\ZkfiZlckliXc\jgXfc%?XY`klX[fjZfdf_\dfj\jkX[fX
tristeza se ha apoderado del sector cultural español. Habituados como hemos estado a
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Maquetación
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las magnas (y no tanto)Z\c\YiXZ`fe\jfXcX`eXl^liXZ`e`e[`jZi`d`eX[X[\^iXe[\j
celebraciones o a la inauguración indiscriminada de grandes
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equipamientos, la recesión nos ha cogido a contrapié.
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Producción
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Asociada al modelo especulativo en el que se ha basado la economía española, la
8-"-&$,&$-/)$/#$)*%%"3,
Asistentes de redacción `dgcfj`e#\ecXj[fj[ZX[XjgXjX[Xj#[\dlj\fjpZ\ekifj[\Xik\hl`q}jefj\[\Y`
implosión, en las dos décadas pasadas, de museos y centros de arte quizás no se debió
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tanto al deseo de promover el estudio y la creatividad, como a la urgencia de que estos
9:;#$-"3,
Impresión
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atrajesen a un número de visitantes cada vez más amplio, favoreciendo el consumo
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y la regeneración urbana. En el proceso se confundió a la cultura con las industrias
ZlckliXc\j%J\\o`^`XcXgi`d\iXcXi\ekXY`c`[X[`ed\[`XkXpdXk\i`Xc[\cXjj\^le[Xj#
culturales. Se exigió a la primera la rentabilidad inmediata y material de las segundas,
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y a éstas, por contra, se les exoneró de la necesidad de realizar un análisis profundo
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#!+,$-./(&%(--)(* [\cmXcfi[\cXZlckliX\ecXgfZX[\cZXg`kXc`jdfZf^e`k`mf%CXjgi`jXjgfifYk\e\i
del valor de la cultura en la época del capitalismo cognitivo. Las prisas por obtener
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01+2$31453$6(.-/7.(%-&-
leX^XeXeZ`XXZfikfgcXqfefg\id`k`\ifegi`fi`qXi\ckiXYXaf[\]fe[f%Efj\i\]fid
una ganancia a corto plazo no permitieron priorizar el trabajo de fondo. No se reformó
el\jkifi^`d\e\[lZXk`mf#e`j\Xljg`Z`Xifeel\mXj]fidXj[\`ek\iZXdY`f%Pcfg\fi
nuestro régimen educativo, ni se auspiciaron nuevas formas de intercambio. Y lo peor
\jhl\e`j`hl`\iXjlg`dfjm\icXjZfekiX[`ZZ`fe\j[\lej`jk\dXhl\\iX`em`XYc\
es que ni siquiera supimos ver las contradicciones de un sistema que era inviable
[\iXqj\`em\ikXe^iXe[\jjldXjgXiXZfejkil`i\[`ÔZ`fjdfeld\ekXc\jZlpf
GHUDt]VHLQYHUWtDQJUDQGHVVXPDVSDUDFRQVWUXLUHGLÀFLRVPRQXPHQWDOHVFX\R
dXek\e`d`\ekfXYjfiYXcXjkiXej]\i\eZ`XjgYc`ZXjfjlg\iXYXZlXchl`\igfj`Y`c`[X[
mantenimiento absorbía las transferencias públicas o superaba cualquier posibilidad
c^`ZX[\XlkfÔeXeZ`XZ`e #e`cf\e[\Yc\[\leX\jkilZkliXcXYfiXchl\j\Xj\ekXYX\ecX
OyJLFDGHDXWRÀQDQFLDFLyQQLORHQGHEOHGHXQDHVWUXFWXUDODERUDOTXHVHDVHQWDEDHQOD
gi\ZXi`\[X[\oki\dX[\el\jkifjX^\ek\j%
precariedad extrema de nuestros agentes.
8_fiXY`\e#i\ZfefZ\icfj\iifi\j[\ledf[\cfefj`^e`ÔZX`^efiXicfjcf^ifjfYk\e`[fj%
$KRUDELHQUHFRQRFHUORVHUURUHVGHXQPRGHORQRVLJQLÀFDLJQRUDUORVORJURVREWHQLGRV
Gfi\a\dgcf#[liXek\cfjXfj[\YfeXeqX#j\_Xe]fidX[fZfc\ZZ`fe\j[\i\c`\m\#j\_X
Por ejemplo, durante los años de bonanza, se han formado colecciones de relieve, se ha
i\]fiqX[fcXXlkfefdX[\cXj`ejk`klZ`fe\jXg\jXi[\Xc^lefjXdX^fji\Z`\ek\j\ecX
reforzado la autonomía de las instituciones (a pesar de algunos amagos recientes en la
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dirección contraria) pj\_X\c\mX[f\ce`m\c[\el\jkiX\o`^\eZ`X`ek\c\ZklXcXcd`jdf
y se ha elevado el nivel de nuestra exigencia intelectual al mismo
k`\dgfhl\j\XZ\iZXYX\cXik\XcX^\ek\%CXi\Z\j`eef[\Y\cc\mXiefjXgfj`Z`fe\j
tiempo que se acercaba el arte a la gente. La recesión no debe llevarnos a posiciones
`emfclk`mXj#ZlXe[fefXY`\ikXd\ek\_fjk`c\j#_XZ`X\cXik\Zfek\dgfi}e\f#pXhl\cfj
involutivas, cuando no abiertamente hostiles, hacia el arte contemporáneo, ya que los
\oZ\jfjhl\j\_XpXeZfd\k`[fk`\e\ehl\m\iZfe\cljf[\dX^^`Zf[\cXZlckliX#ef
excesos que se hayan cometido tienen que ver con el uso demagógico de la cultura, no
ZfecX\og\i`d\ekXZ`e\jkk`ZX%<e\jkXce\X#ZfecX\oZljX[\cXZi`j`jj\_XXÔXeqX[f
FRQODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQHVWpWLFD(QHVWDOtQHDFRQODH[FXVDGHODFULVLVVHKDDÀDQ]DGR
\eXc^lefjj\Zkfi\j[\el\jkifgXj\cZfem\eZ`d`\ekf[\hl\ef[\Y\gX^Xij\Zfe\c
en algunos sectores de nuestro país el convencimiento de que no debe pagarse con el
[`e\if[\kf[fjXhl\ccfhl\#\eXgXi`\eZ`X#jfcfj`im\gXiX\c[`j]ilk\[\lefjgfZfj%
dinero de todos aquello que, en apariencia, solo sirve para el disfrute de unos pocos.
<jZ`\ikfhl\efj\gl\[\eZfejkil`igif^iXdXj[\\jgXc[XjXcgYc`Zf#g\ifkXdY`e
Es cierto que no se pueden construir programas de espaldas al público, pero también
hl\efkf[fjcfjZ\ekifj_Xe[\j\icl^Xi\j[\j\[lZZ`edXj`mX%<chl\leXXZk`m`[X[
que no todos los centros han de ser lugares de seducción masiva. El que una actividad
j\Xd`efi`kXi`Xefhl`\i\[\Z`ihl\j\X\c`k`jkX%CXjfZ`\[X[j\Zfdgfe\#[\_\Z_f#[\
sea minoritaria no quiere decir que sea elitista. La sociedad se compone, de hecho, de
leXdlck`gc`Z`[X[[\d`efiXjhl\j\fi^Xe`qXeXci\[\[fi[\k\okfj#[\j\fjfX]\Zkfj%
una multiplicidad de minorías que se organizan alrededor de textos, deseos o afectos.
:lXekfd}j[`e}d`ZXjj\Xe\jXjd`efiXjpd}jXekX^fe`Z\e\eki\j#d}jm`mXj\i}cX
Cuanto más dinámicas sean esas minorías y más antagonicen entre sí, más viva será la
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sociedad que las alberga.
!"#$"%&'#()"*+#",*+#"-.&/01/ !
corr p1.indd
pagina 1.indd11 1
pag_1.indd 04/06/12
08/06/12 16:59
05/06/12 17:04
17:44
12:27
EDITORIAL
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j\Zkfigi`mX[f%<ci`\j^fi\j`[\\ehl\jfcfg\im`mXegifp\Zkfj[\ZXi}Zk\i\jg\ZkXZlcXifhl\
i\jgfe[XeXlei\^`jkif^\e\iXc`jkX#\jkf\j#Xhl\ccfjhl\f]i\qZXeledXpfii\kfiefd\[`}k`Zf
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e\Z\j`[X[[\gifk\^\i\`dglcjXiXhl\ccfhl\i\Xcd\ek\^\e\iXmXcfijfZ`Xc#jlg\iXe[fcX]XcjX
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j\ii\fi`\ekX[f_XZ`XcfZfde#hl\j\i\Ô\i\kXekfX\j\j\ialekfj[\cXZfdle`[X[#ZfdfXcX
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Don Juan / Johnny D. del relato): The Goez Map Colección Early
Gonzalez (concepto y Guide to the Murals of California,
diseño), David Botello East Los Angeles, 1975. Editorial Goez.
(diseño y dibujo) y Robert Mapa impreso en offset,
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Arriba, Magu Luján. En la otra página, qfek\j\e\c]lklif %
Instalación sin título para David Botello, Tlalocan <jkk`ZXd\ek\#\ckiXYXafi\Xc`qX[f\ecXgfZX
Los Four: Almaraz/de la Commercial Center,
jXZgXik`[f[\cXj\og\i`\eZ`Xj[\cfjXik`jkXj\e\c
Rocha/Luján/Romero, 1972. Archivo digital de
en Los Angeles County una acuarela sobre papel YXii`f#g\ifjlfi`\ekXZ`e\iXXj`d`jdf^cfYXcpX
Museum of Art, 1974. (desaparecida). d\el[f\og\i`d\ekXc[\j[\\cglekf[\m`jkX]fi$
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Panorámica de Century
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controvertida ubicación
del primer museo LAICA.
El ABC Entertainment
Center, donde estaba
ubicado el LAICA, en una
vista de los años setenta.
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1 Michelangelo Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, Florencia: (pp. 305, 309-313) y en el más exhaustivo análisis 30 En España la película se conoce con el título 7HOpIRQR
Hopeful Monster, 1988, p. 14. Michelangelo Pistoletto, Niza: MAMAC, 2007. URMRYRODPRVKDFLD0RVF~. (N. de la T.)
2 Anna D’Elia (ed.), Pino Pascali, Roma y Bari: Editori 11 En este sentido sus 2JJHWWLLQPHQRGL¿HUHQGHODREUD 31 =HURWR,Q¿QLW\, pp. 70, 71, 285.
Laterza, 1983, p. 64. sobre los estilos de vida de artistas contemporáneos 32 Pino Pascali (1991), pp. 12, 17.
3 Un síntoma de este cambio de perspectiva fue la FRPR$QGUHD=LWWHO3DUDXQDUHÀH[LyQLQWHUHVDQWH 33 ,EtG., p. 21.
excelente exposición de arte povera que organizó sobre las complejidades implícitas en 2JJHWWLLQPHQR 34 ,EtG., pp. 16, 17.
la Tate Modern y el Walker Art Center en 2001. El GH3LVWROHWWRYpDVHHOLPSRUWDQWHHVWXGLRGH%ULRQ\ 35 Las expresiones proceden de un análisis sobre los
catálogo, editado por Richard Flood y Frances Morris, Fer sobre la dimensión temporal de la constitución objetos de Oldenburg realizado por el artista sueco
=HURWR,Q¿QLW\$UWH3RYHUD 1962-1972, Minneapolis: aparentemente provisional y azarosa del objeto en la Öyvind Fahlström a propósito de la exposición que
Walker Art Center, 2001, sigue siendo hasta la fecha REUDGH%RHWWL\3LVWROHWWRGHODGpFDGDGHThe Oldenburg hizo en 1966 en Estocolmo, “Object-
el que ofrece una perspectiva más amplia de la obra ,Q¿QLWH/LQH5HPDNLQJ$UW$IWHU0RGHUQLVP, New making”, Studio International 172, 881 (diciembre de
de los artistas italianos del arte povera en el periodo Haven y Londres: Yale University Press, 2004, pp. 1966), pp. 328-329.
GHFLVLYRGHPHGLDGRV\¿QDOHVGHODGpFDGDGH 163-187. 36 &ODHV2OGHQEXUJ, Londres: Arts Council of Great
4 Este artículo surge de una charla, “Objetos negativos”, 12 Una fotografía de la instalación puede verse en Zero to Britain, 1970, p. 8.
que di en la Universidad de Michigan en 2002. Le ,Q¿QLW\, p. 68. 37 6WRUH'D\V'RFXPHQWVIURPWKH6WRUHDQG5D\
debo mucho a las charlas con Christopher G. Bennett y 13 Catasta (1966); Ida Gianelli (ed.), Arte Povera in *XQ7KHDWHU, selección de Claes Oldenburg y
a sus investigaciones para su tesis, %RHWWLDQG3DVFDOL Collezione, Milán: Edizioni Charta, 2000, pp. 116-117. Emmett Williams, Nueva York: Something Else Press,
Revisiting Arte Povera Through Two Case Studies, 9pDVHODGHFODUDFLyQGH%RHWWLHQSXEOLFDGD 1967, pp. 48, 81.
Universidad de Michigan, 2008. en Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev (ed.), Arte Povera, 38 Un relato exhaustivo de los inicios de la carrera
5 Una crítica particularmente interesante de la teoría de Londres: Phaidon Press, 1999, p. 237. artística de Oldenburg puede encontrarse en Barbara
Celant sobre el arte povera la ofrece Claire Gilman 15 =HURWR,Q¿QLW\, p. 191, de unas declaraciones del Rose, &ODHV2OGHQEXUJ, Nueva York: Museum of
en su artículo “Reconsidering Arte Povera”, en Arte artista publicadas en 1967. Modern Art, 1970.
3RYHUD6HOHFWLRQVIURPWKH6RQQDEHQG&ROOHFWLRQ 16 ,EtG. 39 Fahlström, “Object Making”, p. 329.
Nueva York: Wallach Art Gallery, 2001, y en el 17 Jean-Christophe Ammann (ed.), Alighiero Boetti 1965- 9pDVHHOFRPHQWDULRGHFLWDGRHQ5RVH
capítulo introductorio de su tesis, Arte Povera’s 1994, Milán: Mazzotta, 1996, p. 200. 2OGHQEXUJ, p. 94.
7KHDWHU$UWL¿FHDQG$QWL0RGHUQLVPLQ,WDOLDQ$UWRI 18 =HURWR,Q¿QLW\, p. 188. La entrevista se publicó por 41 2OGHQEXUJ, pp. 7-8.
the 1960s, tesis doctoral, Universidad de Columbia, primera vez en 1973. 42 Un dibujo de Oldenburg para la instalación puede
2006. 19 ,EtG., p. 200. verse en sus Notes in Hand, Nueva York: Petersburg
6 El ensayo “Los objetos de signo negativo” y dos 20 ,EtG., p. 190. Press, 1971, n.º 25.
ensayos que Pistoletto escribió durante el año 21 Pino Pascali, Otterlo: Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, 43 Claes Oldenburg, 3URSRVHG&RORVVDO0RQXPHQW)DQ
siguiente, en los que desarrollaba más sus ideas, “Las 1991, pp. 9, 17. Una versión ligeramente abreviada de LQWKH3ODFHRIWKH6WDWXHRI/LEHUW\%HGGRHV,VODQG,
~OWLPDVSDODEUDVFpOHEUHV´\³(QWUH´VHHQFXHQWUDQHQ la entrevista con Carla Lonzi, publicada originalmente 1967, dibujo, Basilea: Öffentliche Kunstsammlungen.
Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, pp. 12-14, 17-20, 27. en Marcatrè en 1967, se encuentra reproducida en Jon 44 2OGHQEXUJ, p. 8.
7 Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, p. 19. Wood, David Hulks y Alex Potts (eds.), Modern Sculpture 45 En Christov-Bakargiev, Arte povera, p. 282,
8 A Celant le interesaba inicialmente la idea, o la Reader, Leeds: Henry Moore Institute, 2007, pp. 241-253. Piero Gilardi ofrece un relato retrospectivo
fantasía, de un acto artístico que en su profunda 22 Pino Pascali SYpDVHWDPELpQSS\ (en 1982) sobre su respuesta a la situación política.
inmediatez estaría absolutamente liberado del peso Pino Pascali (1983), p. 65 (declaraciones de 1966). (QpOUHVXPHVXFDUUHUDFRPRDUWLVWD&DUOD/RQ]L
muerto de la cultura del que el artista intentaba 23 Pino Pascali (1991), p. 16. tras publicar su libro Autoritratto (1969), una
liberarse. El planteamiento de Pistoletto de este 24 Pino Pascali (1983), p. 65 (declaraciones de 1968). compilación creativa de declaraciones de artistas a los
espíritu anárquico es más sugerente en la medida 25 Pino Pascali SYpDVHWDPELpQPino que ella había entrevistado, abandonó la crítica de arte
en que ve al artista como alguien que tiene que Pascali (1991), p. 11. y se consagró a la política feminista.
negar el acto de autoposición implícito en cualquier 26 Pino Pascali (1991), p. 13. 9pDVH-XGLWK5XVVL.LUVKQHU³9RLFHVDQG,PDJHV
manifestación artística, por liberada que se considere. 27 ,EtG., p. 14. of Italian Feminism”, en Cornelia Butler y Lisa
9 Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, p. 22. 28 ,EtG., p. 11. Gabrielle Mark (eds.), :$&.$UWDQGWKH)HPLQLVW
10 Las imágenes de 2JJHWWLLQPHQR a las que se alude 29 La reproducción más completa de Finte sculure de Revolution, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2007,
en este artículo pueden encontrarse en =HURWR,Q¿QLW\ Pascali se encuentra en Pascali (1983). pp. 393-396.
y la Vanguardia.
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Ciudad y Política
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Nacional de Bellas Artes
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En el 79 las
distintas
prácticas
artísticas
transcurrían
en los bordes.
Los operadores
culturales
habían sido
arrasados por
el Golpe
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Toni Negri
“El problema
político es
rebelarse contra
la alienación”
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De izquierda a derecha,
Sergio Zevallos, Helmut
Psotta y Raúl Avellaneda
junto a la obra de
Avellaneda Las tres
columnas de la sociedad
peruana, hacia 1984.
Foto: César Guerra.
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Fotógrafo al
minuto en Braamfontein.
Johanesburgo, 1955.
Derecha:
Guardagujas que sueña
con tener un jardín sin
ladrillos ni cemento,
regado por un tanque
de agua, en su pequeña
parcela. Koksoord,
Randfontein, 1962.
David Goldblatt
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82 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012
DAVID GOLDBLATT
En la Calle Wanderers.
Johanesburgo. Mayo de
1966.
Lawrence Matjee,
de quince años, tras
su asalto y posterior
detención por la policía
en el barrio de Khotso
House, calle de Villiers,
1985.
Montaña de heno
con niños jugando en
la zona del “velt”.
Parkrand, 1979.
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anterior, dos edificios
alternativos de la pujante
zona artística Metelkova
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0portadaCartanº3.indd
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04/06/12 17:22