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0portadaCartanº3.indd 3 1/6/12 09:38:08


Sumario
Sumario nº
nº 3
3

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CARTOGRAFÍAS
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DOCUMENTA
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sumario.indd 1 05/06/12 17:32


EDITORIAL
EDITORIAL

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Melancolía

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X\jZ\eXdl\jkiXX[fjdla\i\jpXlee`Œfhl\j\ekX[fjj\Zf^\ecXjdXefj#
a escena muestra a dos mujeres y a un niño que sentados se cogen las manos,
`dgfk\ek\j#XcX\jg\iX[\hl\legcXe\kXccXdX[fD\cXeZ_fc`XZ_fhl\ZfecX
impotentes, a la espera de que un planeta llamado Melancholia choque con la
K`\iiX%8ci\ZfefZ\icf`e\m`kXYc\[\cXZfc`j`e#\c[\jXc`\ekfj\Xgf[\iX[\cfj
Tierra. Al reconocer lo inevitable de la colisión, el desaliento se apodera de los
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Director g\ijfeXa\jhl\#kiXjlefjdfd\ekfj[\[\jZfeZ`\ikf#XZ\gkXeZfeXgXkˆXcX
personajes que, tras unos momentos de desconcierto, aceptan con apatía la
)23456&789:2,*;6656
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fatalidad. Su única acción ha consistido en erigir el esqueleto de una choza que, sin duda,
()"&'#*
Editora i\d`k\XcX`[\X[\cXZXjXZfdfi\]l^`fXek\cXXd\eXqX\ok\i`fi%CXkiX^\[`XefZfecc\mX
remite a la idea de la casa como refugio ante la amenaza exterior. La tragedia no conlleva
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!"*/"'0$.1"'(&"#2) cXkiXej]fidXZ`e[\cdle[fZfefZ`[f#j`efjl[\jXgXi`Z`e%Gfijlgl\jkf#\jkXdfj_X$
la transformación del mundo conocido, sino su desaparición. Por supuesto, estamos ha-
YcXe[f[\cX’ck`dXg\cˆZlcX[\CXijmfeKi`\i%<jki\eX[X\e\c]\jk`mXc[\:Xee\j[\cXŒf
blando de la última película de Lars von Trier. Estrenada en el festival de Cannes del año
+',-$.'/()"&'#"*0
Consejo Editorial
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pasado, Melancholia parece un síntoma de lo que hoy acontece en la cultura, especial-
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mente en nuestro país.
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Diseño y edición
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Si nos atenemos a las múltiples declaraciones y opiniones que sobre los efectos de la cri-
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sis económica se han vertido en la prensa a lo largo de este año, se diría que una profunda
ki`jk\qXj\_XXgf[\iX[f[\cj\ZkfiZlckliXc\jgXŒfc%?XY`klX[fjZfdf_\dfj\jkX[fX
tristeza se ha apoderado del sector cultural español. Habituados como hemos estado a
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las magnas (y no tanto)Z\c\YiXZ`fe\jfXcX`eXl^liXZ`e`e[`jZi`d`eX[X[\^iXe[\j
celebraciones o a la inauguración indiscriminada de grandes
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equipamientos, la recesión nos ha cogido a contrapié.
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Asociada al modelo especulativo en el que se ha basado la economía española, la
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Asistentes de redacción `dgcfj`e#\ecXj[fj[„ZX[XjgXjX[Xj#[\dlj\fjpZ\ekifj[\Xik\hl`q}jefj\[\Y`
implosión, en las dos décadas pasadas, de museos y centros de arte quizás no se debió
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tanto al deseo de promover el estudio y la creatividad, como a la urgencia de que estos
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Impresión
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atrajesen a un número de visitantes cada vez más amplio, favoreciendo el consumo
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y la regeneración urbana. En el proceso se confundió a la cultura con las industrias
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culturales. Se exigió a la primera la rentabilidad inmediata y material de las segundas,
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y a éstas, por contra, se les exoneró de la necesidad de realizar un análisis profundo
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#!+,$-./(&%(--)(* [\cmXcfi[\cXZlckliX\ecX„gfZX[\cZXg`kXc`jdfZf^e`k`mf%CXjgi`jXjgfifYk\e\i
del valor de la cultura en la época del capitalismo cognitivo. Las prisas por obtener
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una ganancia a corto plazo no permitieron priorizar el trabajo de fondo. No se reformó
el\jkifi„^`d\e\[lZXk`mf#e`j\Xljg`Z`Xifeel\mXj]fidXj[\`ek\iZXdY`f%Pcfg\fi
nuestro régimen educativo, ni se auspiciaron nuevas formas de intercambio. Y lo peor
\jhl\e`j`hl`\iXjlg`dfjm\icXjZfekiX[`ZZ`fe\j[\lej`jk\dXhl\\iX`em`XYc\
es que ni siquiera supimos ver las contradicciones de un sistema que era inviable
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GHUDt] VHLQYHUWtDQJUDQGHVVXPDVSDUDFRQVWUXLUHGLÀFLRVPRQXPHQWDOHVFX\R
dXek\e`d`\ekfXYjfiYˆXcXjkiXej]\i\eZ`Xjg’Yc`ZXjfjlg\iXYXZlXchl`\igfj`Y`c`[X[
mantenimiento absorbía las transferencias públicas o superaba cualquier posibilidad
c^`ZX[\XlkfÔeXeZ`XZ`e #e`cf\e[\Yc\[\leX\jkilZkliXcXYfiXchl\j\Xj\ekXYX\ecX
OyJLFDGHDXWRÀQDQFLDFLyQ QLORHQGHEOHGHXQDHVWUXFWXUDODERUDOTXHVHDVHQWDEDHQOD
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precariedad extrema de nuestros agentes.

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$KRUDELHQUHFRQRFHUORVHUURUHVGHXQPRGHORQRVLJQLÀFDLJQRUDUORVORJURVREWHQLGRV
Gfi\a\dgcf#[liXek\cfjXŒfj[\YfeXeqX#j\_Xe]fidX[fZfc\ZZ`fe\j[\i\c`\m\#j\_X
Por ejemplo, durante los años de bonanza, se han formado colecciones de relieve, se ha
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reforzado la autonomía de las instituciones (a pesar de algunos amagos recientes en la
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dirección contraria) pj\_X\c\mX[f\ce`m\c[\el\jkiX\o`^\eZ`X`ek\c\ZklXcXcd`jdf
y se ha elevado el nivel de nuestra exigencia intelectual al mismo
k`\dgfhl\j\XZ\iZXYX\cXik\XcX^\ek\%CXi\Z\j`eef[\Y\cc\mXiefjXgfj`Z`fe\j
tiempo que se acercaba el arte a la gente. La recesión no debe llevarnos a posiciones
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involutivas, cuando no abiertamente hostiles, hacia el arte contemporáneo, ya que los
\oZ\jfjhl\j\_XpXeZfd\k`[fk`\e\ehl\m\iZfe\cljf[\dX^^`Zf[\cXZlckliX#ef
excesos que se hayan cometido tienen que ver con el uso demagógico de la cultura, no
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FRQODH[SHULPHQWDFLyQHVWpWLFD(QHVWDOtQHDFRQODH[FXVDGHODFULVLVVHKDDÀDQ]DGR
\eXc^lefjj\Zkfi\j[\el\jkifgXˆj\cZfem\eZ`d`\ekf[\hl\ef[\Y\gX^Xij\Zfe\c
en algunos sectores de nuestro país el convencimiento de que no debe pagarse con el
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dinero de todos aquello que, en apariencia, solo sirve para el disfrute de unos pocos.
<jZ`\ikfhl\efj\gl\[\eZfejkil`igif^iXdXj[\\jgXc[XjXcg’Yc`Zf#g\ifkXdY`„e
Es cierto que no se pueden construir programas de espaldas al público, pero también
hl\efkf[fjcfjZ\ekifj_Xe[\j\icl^Xi\j[\j\[lZZ`edXj`mX%<chl\leXXZk`m`[X[
que no todos los centros han de ser lugares de seducción masiva. El que una actividad
j\Xd`efi`kXi`Xefhl`\i\[\Z`ihl\j\X\c`k`jkX%CXjfZ`\[X[j\Zfdgfe\#[\_\Z_f#[\
sea minoritaria no quiere decir que sea elitista. La sociedad se compone, de hecho, de
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una multiplicidad de minorías que se organizan alrededor de textos, deseos o afectos.
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Cuanto más dinámicas sean esas minorías y más antagonicen entre sí, más viva será la
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sociedad que las alberga.

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corr p1.indd
pagina 1.indd11 1
pag_1.indd 04/06/12
08/06/12 16:59
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2 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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4 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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8 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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10 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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12 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


JAMES COLEMAN

James Coleman, Retake película 35 mm en


with Evidence. Proyección proporción 4:3 transferida
de vídeo, interpretado a vídeo HD, 2007.
por Harvey Keitel,

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 13


CARTOGRAFÍAS

James Coleman, Untitled:


Philippe VACHER.
Proyección de película
35 mm, color, sin sonido,
1990.

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14 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


JAMES COLEMAN

James Coleman, Charon


(MIT Project). Proyección
de imágenes con narración
sincronizada de audio,
diapositivas 35 mm, color, 1989.

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 15


CARTOGRAFÍAS

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16 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


JAMES COLEMAN

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18 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


LOS ÁNGELES

Don Juan / Johnny D. del relato): The Goez Map Colección Early
Gonzalez (concepto y Guide to the Murals of California,
diseño), David Botello East Los Angeles, 1975. Editorial Goez.
(diseño y dibujo) y Robert Mapa impreso en offset,
Arenivar (ilustraciones primera edición.

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20 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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Ron Davis, Ring.


Perteneciente a la serie
“Dodecagons”, 1968.
MoMA. Mr. and Mrs.
Samuel C. Dretzin Fund.
Acc. n.: 242.1969
©2012. Digital image,
The Museum of Modern
Art, Nueva York/Scala,
Florencia.

22 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


LOS ÁNGELES

Sobre estas líneas, el John van Hamersveld, designer, SC26.1987


artista Kenneth Price en The Endless Summer. ©2012. Digital image,
una pose surfera en el Póster de la película The Museum of Modern
cartel de la Ferus Gallery del mismo título, 1966. Art, Nueva York/Scala,
del año 1961. MoMa. Gift of the Florencia.

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Panorámica de Century
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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 25


CARTA DE...

El ABC Entertainment
Center, donde estaba
ubicado el LAICA, en una
vista de los años setenta.

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28 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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30 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


LOS ÁNGELES

Maria Nordman, iniciada por la artista en


Filmroom: Smoke. 1967 y que prosigue en la
Escenas de la película actualidad.

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 31


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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 33


HUELGA GENERAL. ACCIÓN POÉTICA. 1962/1982

Objetos
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34 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


PORTADA

Arriba, Michelangelo Cittadellarte-Fondazione


Pistoletto, Quadro da Pistoletto, Biella, Italia.
pranzo, 1965. Cortesía de Foto: P. Pellion

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36 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


1962/1982

Arriba, Michelangelo Estudio de Pistoletto Biella, Italia.


Pistoletto, Oggetti in en Turín, 1966. Foto: P. Bressano
meno, 1965-1966. Cortesía Cittadellarte-
Fondazioine Pistoletto,

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privada Leggeri. Pasquale Leccese, Le Castello di Rivoli Museo Ôid\[`jkXeZ`Xd`\ekf#\eki\cXmfclekX[[\Zi\Xi
Pino Pascali, Baco da Case D’Arte, Milán. D’Arte Contemporanea, Xc^fi\Xcd\ek\Zfem`eZ\ek\pcXZfeZ`\eZ`X[\hl\
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Treggiano. Marco Rivetti. leXfZXj`eXci\jg\Zkf#GXjZXc`XjldˆXhl\cXc`$

38 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


1962/1982

Alighiero Boetti: en la Society (ARS) Nueva


parte derecha, Sedia y York/SIAE, Roma.
Scala, ambas de 1966. Cortesía de la Fondazione
A la izquierda, Rotolo di Torino Musei.
cartone ondulato, 1966.
©2007 Artists Rights

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1 Michelangelo Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, Florencia: (pp. 305, 309-313) y en el más exhaustivo análisis 30 En España la película se conoce con el título 7HOpIRQR
Hopeful Monster, 1988, p. 14. Michelangelo Pistoletto, Niza: MAMAC, 2007. URMRYRODPRVKDFLD0RVF~. (N. de la T.)
2 Anna D’Elia (ed.), Pino Pascali, Roma y Bari: Editori 11 En este sentido sus 2JJHWWLLQPHQRGL¿HUHQGHODREUD 31 =HURWR,Q¿QLW\, pp. 70, 71, 285.
Laterza, 1983, p. 64. sobre los estilos de vida de artistas contemporáneos 32 Pino Pascali (1991), pp. 12, 17.
3 Un síntoma de este cambio de perspectiva fue la FRPR$QGUHD=LWWHO3DUDXQDUHÀH[LyQLQWHUHVDQWH 33 ,EtG., p. 21.
excelente exposición de arte povera que organizó sobre las complejidades implícitas en 2JJHWWLLQPHQR 34 ,EtG., pp. 16, 17.
la Tate Modern y el Walker Art Center en 2001. El GH3LVWROHWWRYpDVHHOLPSRUWDQWHHVWXGLRGH%ULRQ\ 35 Las expresiones proceden de un análisis sobre los
catálogo, editado por Richard Flood y Frances Morris, Fer sobre la dimensión temporal de la constitución objetos de Oldenburg realizado por el artista sueco
=HURWR,Q¿QLW\$UWH3RYHUD 1962-1972, Minneapolis: aparentemente provisional y azarosa del objeto en la Öyvind Fahlström a propósito de la exposición que
Walker Art Center, 2001, sigue siendo hasta la fecha REUDGH%RHWWL\3LVWROHWWRGHODGpFDGDGHThe Oldenburg hizo en 1966 en Estocolmo, “Object-
el que ofrece una perspectiva más amplia de la obra ,Q¿QLWH/LQH5HPDNLQJ$UW$IWHU0RGHUQLVP, New making”, Studio International 172, 881 (diciembre de
de los artistas italianos del arte povera en el periodo Haven y Londres: Yale University Press, 2004, pp. 1966), pp. 328-329.
GHFLVLYRGHPHGLDGRV\¿QDOHVGHODGpFDGDGH 163-187. 36 &ODHV2OGHQEXUJ, Londres: Arts Council of Great
4 Este artículo surge de una charla, “Objetos negativos”, 12 Una fotografía de la instalación puede verse en Zero to Britain, 1970, p. 8.
que di en la Universidad de Michigan en 2002. Le ,Q¿QLW\, p. 68. 37 6WRUH'D\V'RFXPHQWVIURPWKH6WRUH  DQG5D\
debo mucho a las charlas con Christopher G. Bennett y 13 Catasta (1966); Ida Gianelli (ed.), Arte Povera in *XQ7KHDWHU  , selección de Claes Oldenburg y
a sus investigaciones para su tesis, %RHWWLDQG3DVFDOL Collezione, Milán: Edizioni Charta, 2000, pp. 116-117. Emmett Williams, Nueva York: Something Else Press,
Revisiting Arte Povera Through Two Case Studies,  9pDVHODGHFODUDFLyQGH%RHWWLHQSXEOLFDGD 1967, pp. 48, 81.
Universidad de Michigan, 2008. en Carolyn Christov-Bakargiev (ed.), Arte Povera, 38 Un relato exhaustivo de los inicios de la carrera
5 Una crítica particularmente interesante de la teoría de Londres: Phaidon Press, 1999, p. 237. artística de Oldenburg puede encontrarse en Barbara
Celant sobre el arte povera la ofrece Claire Gilman 15 =HURWR,Q¿QLW\, p. 191, de unas declaraciones del Rose, &ODHV2OGHQEXUJ, Nueva York: Museum of
en su artículo “Reconsidering Arte Povera”, en Arte artista publicadas en 1967. Modern Art, 1970.
3RYHUD6HOHFWLRQVIURPWKH6RQQDEHQG&ROOHFWLRQ 16 ,EtG. 39 Fahlström, “Object Making”, p. 329.
Nueva York: Wallach Art Gallery, 2001, y en el 17 Jean-Christophe Ammann (ed.), Alighiero Boetti 1965-  9pDVHHOFRPHQWDULRGHFLWDGRHQ5RVH
capítulo introductorio de su tesis, Arte Povera’s 1994, Milán: Mazzotta, 1996, p. 200. 2OGHQEXUJ, p. 94.
7KHDWHU$UWL¿FHDQG$QWL0RGHUQLVPLQ,WDOLDQ$UWRI 18 =HURWR,Q¿QLW\, p. 188. La entrevista se publicó por 41 2OGHQEXUJ, pp. 7-8.
the 1960s, tesis doctoral, Universidad de Columbia, primera vez en 1973. 42 Un dibujo de Oldenburg para la instalación puede
2006. 19 ,EtG., p. 200. verse en sus Notes in Hand, Nueva York: Petersburg
6 El ensayo “Los objetos de signo negativo” y dos 20 ,EtG., p. 190. Press, 1971, n.º 25.
ensayos que Pistoletto escribió durante el año 21 Pino Pascali, Otterlo: Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, 43 Claes Oldenburg, 3URSRVHG&RORVVDO0RQXPHQW)DQ
siguiente, en los que desarrollaba más sus ideas, “Las 1991, pp. 9, 17. Una versión ligeramente abreviada de LQWKH3ODFHRIWKH6WDWXHRI/LEHUW\%HGGRHV,VODQG,
~OWLPDVSDODEUDVFpOHEUHV´\³(QWUH´VHHQFXHQWUDQHQ la entrevista con Carla Lonzi, publicada originalmente 1967, dibujo, Basilea: Öffentliche Kunstsammlungen.
Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, pp. 12-14, 17-20, 27. en Marcatrè en 1967, se encuentra reproducida en Jon 44 2OGHQEXUJ, p. 8.
7 Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, p. 19. Wood, David Hulks y Alex Potts (eds.), Modern Sculpture 45 En Christov-Bakargiev, Arte povera, p. 282,
8 A Celant le interesaba inicialmente la idea, o la Reader, Leeds: Henry Moore Institute, 2007, pp. 241-253. Piero Gilardi ofrece un relato retrospectivo
fantasía, de un acto artístico que en su profunda 22 Pino Pascali  SYpDVHWDPELpQSS\ (en 1982) sobre su respuesta a la situación política.
inmediatez estaría absolutamente liberado del peso Pino Pascali (1983), p. 65 (declaraciones de 1966).  (QpOUHVXPHVXFDUUHUDFRPRDUWLVWD&DUOD/RQ]L
muerto de la cultura del que el artista intentaba 23 Pino Pascali (1991), p. 16. tras publicar su libro Autoritratto (1969), una
liberarse. El planteamiento de Pistoletto de este 24 Pino Pascali (1983), p. 65 (declaraciones de 1968). compilación creativa de declaraciones de artistas a los
espíritu anárquico es más sugerente en la medida 25 Pino Pascali  S  YpDVHWDPELpQPino que ella había entrevistado, abandonó la crítica de arte
en que ve al artista como alguien que tiene que Pascali (1991), p. 11. y se consagró a la política feminista.
negar el acto de autoposición implícito en cualquier 26 Pino Pascali (1991), p. 13.  9pDVH-XGLWK5XVVL.LUVKQHU³9RLFHVDQG,PDJHV
manifestación artística, por liberada que se considere. 27 ,EtG., p. 14. of Italian Feminism”, en Cornelia Butler y Lisa
9 Pistoletto, A Minus Artist, p. 22. 28 ,EtG., p. 11. Gabrielle Mark (eds.), :$&.$UWDQGWKH)HPLQLVW
10 Las imágenes de 2JJHWWLLQPHQR a las que se alude 29 La reproducción más completa de Finte sculure de Revolution, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2007,
en este artículo pueden encontrarse en =HURWR,Q¿QLW\ Pascali se encuentra en Pascali (1983). pp. 393-396.

42 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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Algunas primeras de los 60: Tres tristes Santos; Rayuela, de


ediciones de títulos que tigres, de Guillermo Julio Cortázar, y Tiempo
marcaron el rumbo de Cabrera Infante; Tiempo de destrucción, de Luís
la literatura en español de silencio, de Luis Martín Martín Santos.

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 45


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46 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


1962/1982

CADA: Arte,
Ciudad y Política
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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 47


PORTADA

En el 79 las
distintas
prácticas
artísticas
transcurrían
en los bordes.
Los operadores
culturales
habían sido
arrasados por
el Golpe

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48 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


1962/1982

En la otra página, pintada


contra las torturas en
una calle del centro de
Santiago de Chile durante
los años setenta.

Junto a estas líneas, una


imagen de las protestas
estudiantiles de 2011.
Foto de Kena Lorenzini.

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 49


PORTADA

Toni Negri

“El problema
político es
rebelarse contra
la alienación”
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50 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


1962/1982

El filósofo y activista
italiano Antonio Negri
(Padua, 1933) en una
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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 51


PORTADA

Negri fue uno de los


grandes impulsores de la
Autonomia Operaia en
una Italia que vivió un
clima revolucionario tanto
en las fábricas como en
las artes.

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52 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


1962/1982

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54 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


CUERPOS DESOBEDIENTES

<e)''0#\e\cZ\ekif[\Xik\<dd\kifg#\e Anatomía de una Pin-Up


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56 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


CUERPOS DESOBEDIENTES

En la otra página, retrato A la derecha, El perchero,


del escritor y activista 1975, una de las obras
Pedro Lemebel, figura más simbólicas que
esencial para entender el Carlos Leppe hizo en
escenario comprometido plena dictadura militar
con la sexualidad en y que se considera clave
Chile a partir de los años del movimiento Escena
setenta. Avanzada, del que
formaba parte.

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 57


REVERSO

Carlos Leppe (Santiago, CXjZ}dXiXjk\c\m`j`mXj#Xej`fjXj[\\jg\ZkX$


1952) es quizás el ZlcXi`qXZ`e#]l\ifei}g`[Xd\ek\XkiXˆ[Xjgfi\j\
artista chileno que mejor
encarna los escenarios de
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la sexualidad y el cuerpo. cXjZfej`^eXj[\cDFM@C?%CXgi\j\eZ`X[\c\jY`X$
En esta imagen, el artista eXj#_fdfj\olXc\jpkiXm\jk`jXZXgXicXefk`Z`X[\
trata de embalsamarse en cXdXiZ_X[\jgcXqXe[fjlj\ek`[ffi`^`eXcpXYi`\e$
Molde para yeso.
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58 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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60 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 61


REVERSO

En los años más duros


del SIDA, Pedro Lemebel
solía aparecer en
público y en muchos de
sus retratos aureolado
con una corona de
jeringuillas.

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62 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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9\icˆe%@eZcljf#[\jgl„j[\cXZXˆ[X[\cDlif#cc\$ Z`feXc[\cX\og\i`\eZ`X#pj`ehl\gl\[X\cl[`ij\\c d`jdfjXŒfj#Xhl„ccXjhl\k`\e[\eX_XZ\iZie`$

Salón principal de la casa


en el barrio limeño de
Chaclacayo, hacia 1988,
con las piezas en proceso
de embalaje. Foto: Raúl
Avellaneda.

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 63


REVERSO

Vista del montaje del enero y febrero de 1990.


Grupo en el Künstlerhaus Foto: Raúl Avellaneda.
Bethanien de Berlín,
durante los meses de

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64 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


CUERPOS DESOBEDIENTES

Vista de la exposición indagación visual” en


“Perú... un sueño: el Museo de Arte de
Fragmentos de un Lima, 1984. Foto: Raúl
proyecto de creación e Avellaneda.

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 65


REVERSO

De izquierda a derecha,
Sergio Zevallos, Helmut
Psotta y Raúl Avellaneda
junto a la obra de
Avellaneda Las tres
columnas de la sociedad
peruana, hacia 1984.
Foto: César Guerra.

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66 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 67


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68 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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de la fotografía
inglesa Eadweard
Muybridge consagró
en 1873 al estudio de
los movimientos del
caballo de carreras para
demostrar que, en un
momento del galope, no
se sostenía con ninguna
pata en el suelo.

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 69


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70 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 79


DOCUMENTA

En la página anterior, Sobre estas líneas. que Artaud interpretaba


uno de los más conocidos En 1927, Abel Gance al revolucionario Marat.
retratos de Antonin acometió una de las La imagen recrea el
Artaud realizados por epopeyas del cine momento de su suicidio
Man Ray, 1926. moderno, Napoleon, en la en la bañera.

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 81


PORTFOLIO

Fotógrafo al
minuto en Braamfontein.
Johanesburgo, 1955.

Derecha:
Guardagujas que sueña
con tener un jardín sin
ladrillos ni cemento,
regado por un tanque
de agua, en su pequeña
parcela. Koksoord,
Randfontein, 1962.

David Goldblatt
CXZ}dXiX[\;Xm`[>fc[YcXkkAf_Xe\jYli^f#(0*' \jlek\jk`^f\oZ\gZ`feXc
[\cXjfZ`\[X[jl[X]i`ZXeX[\j[\cfjk`\dgfj[\cXgXik_\`[_XjkX\cgi\j\ek\%
CXm`[X[\cfjjlYliY`fjpcX[\cXj]Xd`c`XjYcXeZXjpe\^iXj #\ci\kiXkf[\leX
Zfk`[`Xe`[X[hl\k`\e\k`ek\j`ek\dgfiXc\jX[hl`\i\\ejlfYiXcXj[`d\ej`fe\j
[\le[fZld\ekfhl\kiXjZ`\e[\\cZfdgifd`jfZfecXc`Y\ikX[%
82 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012
DAVID GOLDBLATT

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 83


PORTFOLIO

La mujer del granjero.


Fochville, 1965.

84 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


DAVID GOLDBLATT

En la Calle Wanderers.
Johanesburgo. Mayo de
1966.

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 85


PORTFOLIO

Lawrence Matjee,
de quince años, tras
su asalto y posterior
detención por la policía
en el barrio de Khotso
House, calle de Villiers,
1985.

86 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


DAVID GOLDBLATT

En la piscina del Summit


Club en Claim Street.
Hillbrow, 1971.

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 87


PORTFOLIO

Montaña de heno
con niños jugando en
la zona del “velt”.
Parkrand, 1979.

88 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


DAVID GOLDBLATT

Funeral con honores


militares en el cementerio
de Boksburg, 1980.

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 89


PORTFOLIO

Domingo por la mañana.


Una familia de color
ocupa una residencia
en la “zona blanca” de
Hillbrow. Johanesburgo,
agosto de 1978.

90 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


DAVID GOLDBLATT

Ruinas de los baños


Docrat´s en Fietas.
Johanesburgo, 17 de
marzo de 2003.

CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 91


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92 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


LA EXPOSICIÓN

e\^Xk`mf Vista del Museo de


Arte Contemporáneo
Metelkova, inaugurado
en noviembre de 2011, en
Liubliana (Eslovenia).

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 93


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94 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012


LA EXPOSICIÓN

Al lado y en la página
anterior, dos edificios
alternativos de la pujante
zona artística Metelkova
Mesto en la capital
eslovena.

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CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO 2012 95


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Luciano Fabro, Piedi di


vetro. Obra en cristal de
Murano y shnatung de
seda pura. Adquisición
del Museo Nacional
Centro de Arte Reina Sofía.

1
96 CARTA. PRIMAVERA-VERANO
INVIERNO-PRIMAVERA2012
2012

019PoemaPasolini96.indd 1 1/6/12 10:35:04


MUSEO NACIONAL
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int contra.indd 1 05/06/12 17:34


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nnn%dlj\fi\`eXjfÔX%\j 1/6/12 09:37:56
04/06/12 17:22

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