Earth Science Notes 
  Earth Science Notes 2
Density, Latitude & Longitude,
Earth Layers And Plate Boundaries
● Obtain mass using a balance.
● Obtain volume by any of these
methods.
- Ruler: Volume​ = L × W
×H
- Graduated Cylinder
- Water displacement
“Magic Circle”
- D=M/V
- M = D×V
- V=M/D
Vocabulary
● Latitude​ - ​distance in degrees
North (Above) or South (Below)
from the equator. Latitude is like
the steps of a ladder - the lines
going left to right. 0 degrees at the
equator to 90 degrees at the North
and South pole.
● Longitude​ - ​Distance in degrees
East (Right) and West (Left) of
the prime Meridian to 180 degrees
in the middle of the Pacific
Ocean.
● Each degree of latitude and
longitude is broken up into 60
minutes.
 
 
Learning Target:​ ​I can explain how
tectonic plates move across the earth’s
surface.
Notes​:
● Plate tectonics suggests that the
lithosphere is made of large
pieces of land (plates) that slowly
move and interact with each other
at their boundaries.
● This plate motion causes it to
collide, pull apart, or scrape
against each other.
Plate Movement
● 1. ​“Plates” of lithosphere are
moved around by the underlying
hot mantle convection cells.
● 2. ​The process of convection is
responsible for plate tectonics.
Divergent Boundaries
● Found at mid-ocean ridges with
upwelling material creates a new
crust that moves away from the
ridge in both directions.
Convergent Boundaries
● There are three styles of
convergent plate boundaries.
- Continent -​ Continent
Collision
- Continent - ​Oceanic
crust collision
- Ocean - ​Ocean collision
Subduction
● Plates collide at Convergent
boundaries. Subduction occurs
when a dense, oceanic plate
subducts (plunges under) the less
dense continental plate. Once
deep enough the rock melts,
becomes magma, rises through
cracks in the crust and forms a
volcano.
● Transform boundaries occur when
plates slide past each other​.