POETRY

what Is
Poetry ?
It is a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than does ordinary language

The most common use of language is to communicate informations ; but it is

not primarily to communicate informations that novels, short stories, plays, and
poems are written .
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Reading Poetry
I We should avoid looking for a lesson or a moral
1
. We should not expect poems to be beautiful all the time
 HEAR
How can you develop your understanding and appreciation of poetry ?

5 STEPS TO
1. Read the poem more than once A POEM
A good poem will no more yield its full meaning on a single reading
than will a beethoven symphony on a single hearing

2 . Keep a dictionary by you and use it

It is futile to try to understand poetry without knowing the meanings of
the words of wich it is composed

The benefits of studying literature is an enlarged vocabulary, and the study

of poetry offers an excellent opportunity

3 . Read so as to hear the sound of the words Lip Read it !

Poetry is written to be heard, its meanings are conveyed through sound as
well as through print

T . Always pay careful attention for what the poem is saying

Though you should be conscious of the sounds of the poem, you should never
be so exclusively conscious of them that you pay no attention to what the poem
means

5 . Practice reading poems aloud

a) Read affectionately, but not affectedly

b) - Of the two extremes, reading too fast offers greater danger than reading too
slowly.
- Read slowly enough that each word is clear and distinct and that the
meaning has time to sink in .
c) - Read the poem so that the rythemical pattern is felt but not exaggerated.
- One of the worst ways to read a poem is to read it : ta-DUM ta-DUM ta-DUM

A frequent mistake of the beginning reader is to treat each line as

if it were a complete thought, wether grammatically complete or
not, and to drop the voice at the end of it.

A frequent mistake of the sophisticated reader is to take a running

start upon approaching the end of a line and fly over it as if it were
not there
 ELEMENTS OF TRY

IMAGERY
is.

The representation through the language of sense experience

To Describe We Use The Words

Imagery :

Represents -
Addresses I

t
Poetry appeals to our senses indirectly through imagery,
the representation to the imagination of sense experience
b

± An Image Represents ⇐

visual .
auditory alfaltory gustatory
Sight Hearing Smell Taste

tactile organic kinesthetic

Touch Internal sensations Movement or tension in muscles
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

"

FIGURES Of SPEECH
A. FIGURE Of SPEECH :
Is any way of saying something other than the ordinary way
A way of saying one thing and meaning another, and cannot be
taken literally

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↳-
Comparing things that are not alike
metaphor .

Using words or phrases as ( as, like, than, similar to, resembles, seems ) When the figurative term is substituted or identified with a literal term

personification
A figure of speech wich gives the attributes of a human being to an animal, object, or a concept

In other words, it gives human charactaristics to an animate objects or abstract ideas

 '
SYMBOLS
t.gl
Something that means more than what it is

image :
Means only what it is
Exp : A shaggy brown dog was rubbing it’s back against a white picket fence

metaphor :
Means something other than what it is
Exp : Some dirty dog stole my wallet at the party

Symbol :
Means what it is and more
Exp : You can not teach an old dog new tricks

"
PARADOXA IRONY
PARADOX : t.si

Is an apparent contradiction that is nevertheless somehow true. It may be either a situation or a statement

PARADOX 'S !!!

The value of paradox is it’s shock value. It’s seeming impossibility startles the reader into attention and,
by the fact of it’s apparent absurdity, underscores the truth of what is being said
 MEA I af IDEA
is

The meaning of a poem is the experience it expresses

A Poem as a :

Total
Meaning . : Theme

Prose Meaning " : Theme explanation in prose

Prose Paraphrase : Poem explanation in prose

TONE
t.IM

The writer’s attribute towards the subject, reader, or him/herself

It is te emotional coloring or the emotional meaning of the work

I . Almost all the elements of poetry help indicating it’s tone

2 . Tone is an extremely important part of the full meaning

3 . In poetry, tone is likewise important for we do not have the speaker’s voice to guide us
 MUSICAL DEVICES
The poet achieves musical quality in two board ways :

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I Alliteration
.
2 Assonance
. 3 Consonance
.

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The repetition of :
:÷÷÷ .

swim: iii
:÷÷ .

An important element in all music is repetition

RHYME SCHEME
is.

The repetition of the same sound at the end of a verse line

 SOUND MEANING
Rhythm and sound cooperate to produce what we call the music of poetry. This music
serves two general functions :
it may be enjoyable in itself, or it may reinforce the meaning and intensify the communication.

the poet reinforce sound in

may meaning through numerous
ways
none .

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-

Onomatopoeia

examples Huss
Crack Twit
 PATTERN
In addition to the internal ordering of the materials - the arrangement of ideas, images,
thoughts, sentences, wich we refer to as the poem’s structure - the poet may impose some
external pattern on a poem

I In general, a poem may be cast in one of three broad kinds of form : I

continuo
The lines follow each other without formal grouping, the only breaks being dictated by units of meaning, as
paragraphs are in prose

stanzaic
The poet writes in a series of stanzas

a Stanza is :

Repeated units having the same number of lines, usuall the same metrical pattern, and often the same rhyme scheme

FIXED
A traditional pattern that applies to a whole poem

Example
→
Sonnet : must be 14 lines