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• Furrow:
– Small channels carry the water (entire surface is not wet)
– Commonly used on row crops
– Lateral as well as vertical infiltration
– Furrows are usually graded
WATER SUPPLY
• Methods of water supply
–Head ditch with siphon tubes or side-
opening gates
–Gated pipe (aluminum or plastic pipe with
small gates that can be opened and closed)
–Buried pipeline with periodically spaced
valves at the surface
2. CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION
• Is a form of sprinkler irrigation.
• Consisting of several segments of pipe (usually
galvanized steel or aluminum) joined together and
supported by trusses.
• Mounted on wheeled towers with sprinklers.
• System moves in a circular pattern.
• These systems are common in parts of the United
States where terrain is flat.
3. LATERAL MOVE IRRIGATION:
• A series of pipes, each with a wheel is affixed to its
midpoint and sprinklers along its length.
• Water is supplied at one end using a large hose.
• After sufficient water has been applied, the hose is
removed.
• The hose is reconnected.
• The process is repeated until the opposite edge of
the field is reached.
• This system is less expensive to install.
• Much more labor intensive to operate.
• It is limited in the amount of water it can
carry.
• They are most often used for small or oddly-
shaped fields, such as those found in hilly or
mountainous regions, or in regions where
labor is inexpensive.
4. LOCALIZED IRRIGATION:
• Water is distributed under low pressure through a
piped network.
• Applied as a small discharge to each plant or adjacent
to it.
IT MAY BE DIFFERENT KINDS:
1.Drip irrigation
2.Sprinkler irrigation
3.bubbler irrigation
TOPICS TO BE FOCUSED:
DEFINITIONS TO BE REMEMBER:
DRAINAGE:
Drainage means the removal of water from the soil it
have two main goals prevention of seepage, improvement
of soil properties.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
Drainage system means the different methods to be
used for dewatering the foundation and to keep the
foundation safe.
40
DRAINAGE SYSTEM:
The drainage system depend on drainage characteristic of
soil, the length of time of system must operate, and position
of ground water.
41
Two main goals of drainage are,
prevention of seepage
improvement of soil properties
Primary Drain Secondary Drain Trunk Drain
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Past
Present
Future?
Today’s
Sub-Surface
Drainage Systems
But…No Smarter!
Still Flows 24/7 to Depth
of Tile Drain!
The Golden Rule
Of Drainage….
WAKE UP!!