Lect

ure#04

Envi
ronment
Allsurr
oundingsincludi
ngland,waterbodiesandgaseouspar tisknownas
envir
onment.Environmentiseveryt
hingthati
sar oundusincludi
ngbot hli
v i
ng
and non-l
iv
ing things.Int he envi
ronmentt her
e are di
ff
erenti nt
eract
ions
between 
animals,
 plant
s, 
soi
l
, 
waterandotherl
i
vingandnon-l
iv
ingthings.
Env
ironmentCl
assesorsegment
sbasedonphy
sicalaspect
s:

Env
ironmenti
sdi
vi
dedi
ntof
oursegment
s.

 Hy
drospher
e

 At
mospher
e

 Li
thospher
e

 Bi
ospher
e

 Hy
drospher
e

Allwat erbodiesli
keglaci
ers,clouds,lakes,r
ivers,seasandwat erbodiesar e
i
ncl udedi nhydrospher
e. 
The hydrosphere i
sthecomponentoft heEarththat
i
scomposedofal lli
qui
dwat erfoundont heplanet.The 
hydr
ospher e i
ncludes
wat erstorageareassuchasoceans,seas,l akes,ponds,ri
vers,andst r
eams.
Ov eral
l,the 
hydrospher
e i
sv er
yl arge,withtheoceansal onecov er
ingabout
71%oft hesurfaceareaofEarth.Themaj orimpor t
anceofhy drosphereisthat
 watersust
ainsvar
iousl
ifeformsandpl
aysani
mpor
tantr
olei
necosy
stems
andregul
ati
ngtheatmosphere.

 At
mospher
e

Atmosphereist
hegaseousenvir
onmentoriti
st heblanketofgaseswhich
complet
ely sur
rounded t
he Eart
h.The 
atmosphere ofEarth 
i
s composed
of
 ni
trogen (
about 78%) ,
 oxygen 
(about 21%) ,
 argon 
(about 0. 9%), 
carbon
di
oxide 
(0.04%)and ot hergasesi nt raceamounts.Theat mospherehelpst o
pr
otectlivi
ngorganismsf rom genet i
cdamageby  sol
ar 
ultr
avi
olet
 r
adiat
ion,
 sol
ar
wi
nd and cosmicray
s. Diff
erentmajorgasesareusedbyl i
vi
ngorganisms.
  Li
thospher
e

Thel andinwhi chwer esideort hesol

idpartofEar thiscal
ledli
thosphere.Soil
i
s t he most i mpor t
ant par t of l i
thosphere. The  l
it
hosphere i
s
l
argely i
mportant 
becausei tistheareathatthebi osphere(
t hel
ivi
ngthingson
eart
h)i nhabitand l i
ve upon. 
In combinat
ion witht he at
mospher e and the
hydrosphere,theli
thosphereplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthofpl ant
sand
animals.

 Bi
ospher
e

Ther egionsoft hesur faceandat mospher eoftheEar t

horanot herplanet
occupiedbyl i
vingor ganismsar eknownasbi ospher e.Allthel ivi
ng(biotic)
organismsconst i
tut
et hebiosphere.Fororgani
smst osur v
iveonear th,v
ar i
ous
envir
onment alconditions mustexi st,such as favor abletemper atur
e and
moisture.Theorganismsal sorequireenergyandnutrients.Allthemi neraland
animal nut
ri
entsnecessar yt
ouphol dli
fearefoundintheEar t
h's 
biosphere.