S.

3 END OF YEAR EXAMS

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
545/2
2HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS:

The paper consists of two sections

Section A consists of 10 semi-structured questions.
Attempt all questions in this section by writing answer in the spaces provided.
Section B consists of 4 essay type questions. Attempt any two questions in this section in
separate answer sheet.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

SECTION A: Answer all questions in this section

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1. Carbon dioxide can be prepared in the laboratory from marble chips.

(a). State;

(i). the chemical name of marble chips. (1½ mks)

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(ii). the conditions under which marble chips can react to produce carbon dioxide.

(1½ mks)

........................................................................................................................................

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(b). Write equation for the reaction leading to the formation of carbon dioxide. (1½ mks)

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(c). Write equation only to show how carbon dioxide can react with magnesium. (1½ mks)

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2. The atomic numbers of elements Q, R and W are 15, 17 and 19 respectively.

(a). Write the electronic configuration of:

(i). Q ...........................................................................................................................( ½ mk)

(ii). R .........................................................................................................................( ½ mk)

(iii). W .................................................................................................................... ( ½ mk)

................................................................................................................................

(b). R. can combine with Q and W to form compounds Y and Z respectively.

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 State the type of bond in

(i). Y .........................................................................................................................(1mk)

................................................................................................................................

(ii). Z..........................................................................................................................(1mk)

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(c). State one property in which

(i). Y resembles Z (1mk)

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(ii). Y differs from Z (1mk)

.......................................................................................................................................

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3. (a). Define the term “allotropy” (1mk)

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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(b). Name

(i). one crystalline allotrope of carbon. ( ½ mk)

.......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(ii). one amorphous allotrope of carbon. ( ½ mk)

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 .......................................................................................................................................

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(c). State one use of the crystalline allotrope of carbon that you have named in (b) (i). (1mk)

.......................................................................................................................................

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(d). State;
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(i). one word which means the relationship between carbon – 12, C and
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14
carbon -14 C (1mk)
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.......................................................................................................................................

(ii). one use of carbon – 14. (1mk)

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4. (a). (i). Name one substance that when reacted with dilute sulphuric acid can produce sulphur

dioxide. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(ii). Write an ionic equation for the reaction of the substance you have named in (a) (i) with

dilute sulphuric acid. (1½ mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………...........

(b). Sulphur dioxide was bubbled through an acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution.

State what was observed. (1mk)

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 ......................................................................................................................................

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(c). (i). Name one other reagent that can react with sulphur dioxide in a similar way to

potassium manganate (VII). ( ½ mk)

......................................................................................................................................

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(ii). State what would be observed if the reagent you have named in (c) (i) was treated with

sulphur dioxide. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. (a). Give one example of a mixture of substance that can be separated by each of the following

methods.

(i). Sublimation (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

(ii). Fractional crystallization. (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………….

(b). Air is a mixture of mainly two gases.

(i). Name the two gases and give their approximate composition in ordinary air by volume.

.……………………………………………………………………………………(2mks)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii). State two reasons why air is considered a mixture and not a compound. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

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 .......................................................................................................................................

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(iii). Name the industrial method by which the two major gaseous components of air can be

separated. (1mk)

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. (a). When mixed with a solution containing copper (II) ions, Zinc granules readily reacts with

sulphuric acid at room temperature to produce hydrogen gas.

(i). State the condition under which sulphuric acid reacts with the Zinc granules. ( ½ mk)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(ii). Suggest the property of sulphuric acid in this reaction. ( ½ mk)

......................................................................................................................................

(iii). What is the role of copper (II) ions in the reaction? ( ½ mk)

......................................................................................................................................

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(iv). Write an ionic equation for the reaction leading to the formation of hydrogen gas.

(1 ½ mks)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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(b). Dry hydrogen gas was passed over a strongly heated copper (II) oxide.

(i). State what was observed. (1 ½ mk)

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 ......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

(ii). Write equations for the reaction that took place. (1 ½ mks)

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7. (a). (i). Name one substance that when reacted with manganese (IV) oxide can produce

chlorine gas. (1mk)

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(ii). State the conditions under which manganese (IV) oxide can react to produce chlorine.

(1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(b). When exposed to sunlight, chlorine water produces a colourless gas;

Name the gas. ( ½ mk)

......................................................................................................................................

(c) (i).Write an equation for the reaction that can take place between iron fillings and chlorine.

( 1 ½ mks)

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 ......................................................................................................................................

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(ii). Give a reason why the reaction in (a)(i) is regarded as oxidation. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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8. (a). Hydrogen and nitrogen can react in the presence of a catalyst to produce ammonia on an

industrial scale.

(i). Name the catalyst used in the reaction. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

(ii). Write equation for the reaction leading to the formation of ammonia. (1 ½ mks)

......................................................................................................................................

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(b). The ammonia obtained by the reaction in (a) above can be oxidized in the presence of a

catalyst to manufacture nitric acid.

(i). Name the catalyst used in the reaction. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

(ii). State two conditions for the oxidation of ammonia during the manufacture of nitric

acid other than the catalyst which you have named in (b) (i). (1mk)

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 ………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

(iii).State one use of nitric acid. ( ½ mk)

......................................................................................................................................

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9. (a). Dry hydrogen chloride was passed over heated iron fillings. Write equation for the reaction

that took place. (1 ½ mks)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

(b). Concentrated nitric acid was added to an aqueous solution of the product in (a).

(i). State what was observed. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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(ii). Give a reason for your answer in (b)(i). (1 ½ mks)

......................................................................................................................................

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10. (a). State what would be observed if each of the following substances was left exposed in air

for some time.

(i). Sodium sulphate – 10 – water. (1mk)

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 ......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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(ii). Fused calcium chloride. (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

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(b). State one word which describes the property of each of the compounds shown in

(i). (a) (i). ( ½ mk)

......................................................................................................................................

(ii). (a) (ii). ( ½ mks).

......................................................................................................................................

(c). State one practical application of fused calcium chloride that is as a result of the property

that you have stated in (b) (ii). (1mk)

......................................................................................................................................

SECTION B:
Attempt any two questions in this section.

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11. (a). (i). Name the raw material from which sulphuric acid can be manufactured by the contact
process. (1mk)
(ii). With the help of equations, outline the reactions which take place during the contact
process. (5mks)

(b). Explain why fuming sulphuric acid has no effect on litmus paper whereas dilute sulphuric
acid readily turns blue litmus paper red. (3mks)

(c). State what would be observed and write equation for the reaction that would take place when
concentrated sulphuric acid was added to.
(i). iron (II) sulphate – 7 – water. (3mks)
(ii). potassium chloride (3mks)

12. (a). Explain what is meant by the term

(i). an “acid” salt. (2 ½ mks)
(ii). “basicity” of an acid. (3 ½ mks)

(b). Outline how a pure sample of sodium sulphate can be prepared inn the laboratory. (6 ½ mks)

(c). An aqueous solution of barium nitrate was added to a solution of sodium sulphate;
(i). State what was observed. (1mk)
(ii). Write an ionic equation for the reaction that took place. (1 ½mks)

13. (a). Outline with the help of equations how you would prepare a dry sample of hydrogen chloride
in the laboratory. (No diagram is required). (5½mks)
(b). State what would be observed and write equation for the reaction that would take place if
aqueous hydrogen chloride was reacted with
(i). Solid calcium carbonate. (3mks)

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 (ii). Silver nitrate solution. (2½mks)
(iii). Magnesium power. (3mks)

(c). State why aqueous hydrogen chloride does not react with copper turnings. (1mks).

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