Introduction to

Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Database Management Data & Information

System 1 Limitations of
File-Processing
Systems

Introduction to Database System Database

DBMS

Database Types

Advantages of DBMS
over File System

Chittaranjan Pradhan
School of Computer Engineering,
KIIT University
1.1
 Introduction to
Data & Information Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Data & Information

Limitations of
File-Processing
Systems

Database
• Data
DBMS
• Raw facts, unprocessed facts
Database Types
• Refers to what is actually stored Advantages of DBMS
over File System
• Information
• Result of processing raw data
• Refers to meaning of the data, understood by the user

Data management focuses on the generation, storage &

retrieval of data

1.2
 Introduction to
Limitations of File-Processing Systems Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Data & Information

Limitations of
File-Processing
Systems

Database

DBMS

Database Types

Advantages of DBMS
over File System

• Redundancy problem
• Repetitive data
• Data-inconsistency problem
• Incorrectness of data
• Lack of data integration
• Complex and time consuming

1.3
 Introduction to
Database Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

• Database is a collection of interrelated data

• Database is a shared, integrated computer structure that Data & Information

stores: Limitations of
File-Processing
• End- user data: raw facts of interest to the end-user Systems

Database
• Meta data: through which the end-user data are integrated
DBMS
& managed. The metadata provides a description of the
Database Types
data characteristics and the set of relationships that link the
Advantages of DBMS
data found within the database over File System

• Database is an organized collection of data of an

organization or enterprise

1.4
 Introduction to
DBMS Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

• DBMS (Database Management System) is a collection of

programs that manages structure & controls access to the Data & Information

data stored in the database Limitations of

File-Processing
Systems
• It includes tools to add, modify or delete data from the
Database
database, ask questions (or queries) about the data stored DBMS
in the database and produce reports Database Types

• DBMS serves as the intermediary between the user & the Advantages of DBMS
over File System
database

1.5
 Introduction to
Database Types Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

• Depending on the number of users accessing the

database, a database system may be classified as: Data & Information
• Single-user database system: It supports only one user at Limitations of
File-Processing
a time. When a single-user database runs on a personal Systems
computer, it is also called a desktop database system Database
• Multi-user database system: It supports multiple users at DBMS
the same time. When a multi-user database supports Database Types

relatively small number of users, it is called as a workgroup Advantages of DBMS

over File System
database system. If the database is used by many users
across globe, it is known as enterprise database system
• Depending on the location of the database, a database
system may be classified as:
• Centralized database system: It supports data located at
a single site or single place
• Distributed database system: It supports data distributed
across several different sites. Here, the same database can
be replicated and stored in another computer so that when
ever the original server goes down; the data can be
available to the user from the replicated data from other
servers
1.6
 Introduction to
Advantages of DBMS over File System Database System

Chittaranjan Pradhan

Data & Information

Limitations of
File-Processing
• Controlling Redundancy & Inconsistency Systems

Database
• Allows Data Sharing
DBMS
• Restricting Unauthorized Access Database Types

Advantages of DBMS
• Providing Storage Structures for efficient query processing over File System

• Providing Backup & Recovery

• Providing multiple user interfaces
• Enforcing Integrity Constraints
• Solving data isolation
• Providing economies of scaling

1.7