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The 

Shell Forces/Stresses form has the following options:


 Load Case, Load Combination, Modal Case options. Choose the load
case to be displayed. Note that shell element forces or stresses can be
plotted for any static load case, response spectrum case, time history case,
static nonlinear case, or load combination. For time history cases, also
specify a time for display of the forces or stresses. For static nonlinear
cases, also specify a step for display of the forces or stresses.
 Component Type options. Choose to display shell element internal
forces or internal stresses.  When stresses are selected, also select the face
of the shell object - visible, top, or bottom - for which stresses are to be
displayed, or choose that  the maximum, minimum or absolute maximum
stress values are to be displayed.  
 Component options. Specify the component of force or stress to be
displayed.
For shell element internal forces, the possible components are as follows:
o F11: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 1-axis direction.
o F22: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 2-axis direction.
o F12: Shearing force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 2-axis direction,
and acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 1-axis
direction.
o FMax: Maximum principal force per unit length acting at the mid-
surface of the element. Note that by definition principal forces are
oriented such that the associated shearing force per unit length is
zero.
o FMin: Minimum principal force per unit length acting at the mid-
surface of the element. Note that by definition principal forces are
oriented such that the associated shearing force per unit length is
zero.
o FVM:   Von Mises principal force per unit length acting at the mid-
surface of the element.
o V13: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of
the element on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 3-axis
direction.
o V23: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of
the element on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 3-axis
direction.
o VMax: Maximum principal shear per unit length acting at the mid-
surface of the element. Note that by definition principal shears are
oriented on faces of the element such that the associated shears per
unit length on perpendicular faces are zero.
o M11: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 1 faces about the 2-axis.(
Momen langsung per satuan panjang yang bekerja di permukaan
tengah elemen pada sisi positif dan negatif 1 mengenai sumbu 2)
o M22: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element on the positive and negative 2 faces about the 1-axis.(
Momen langsung per satuan panjang yang bekerja pada permukaan
tengah elemen pada sisi positif dan negatif 2 mengenai sumbu 1.)
o M12: Twisting moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of
the element on the positive and negative 1 faces about the 1-axis, and
acting on the positive and negative 2 faces about the 2-axis.( Momen
puntir per satuan panjang yang bekerja pada permukaan tengah
elemen pada sisi positif dan negatif 1 mengenai sumbu 1, dan
bekerja pada 2 sisi positif dan negatif tentang sumbu 2)
o MMax: Maximum principal moment per unit length acting at the
mid-surface of the element. Note that by definition principal
moments are oriented such that the associated twisting moment per
unit length is zero.
o MMin: Minimum principal moment per unit length acting at the
mid-surface of the element. Note that by definition principal
moments are oriented such that the associated twisting moment per
unit length is zero.
For shell element internal stresses, the possible components are as follows:
o S11: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and
negative 1 faces in the 1-axis direction.
o S22: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and
negative 2 faces in the 2-axis direction.
o S12: Shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and
negative 1 faces in the 2-axis direction and acting on the positive and
negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.
o SMax: Maximum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by
definition principal stresses are oriented such that the associated
shearing stress is zero.
o SMin: Minimum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by
definition principal stresses are oriented such that the associated
shearing stress is zero.
o SVM:  Von Mises principal stress (force per unit area).
o S13: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the
positive and negative 1 faces in the 3-axis direction.
o S23: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the
positive and negative 2 faces in the 3-axis direction.
o SMaxV: Maximum principal shearing stress (force per unit area).
Note that by definition principal shearing stresses are oriented on
faces of the element such that the associated shears per unit length on
perpendicular faces are zero.
 Contour Appearance options. Use  these options to choose if the forces
and stresses will display on an Undeformed Shape, a Deformed Shape, or
a display of an Extruded Contour by selecting an option from the drop-
down list. Also use the Show Lines, Show Fill, Show Values, and Show
Arrows check boxes to specify how the forces and stresses will be
illustrated. The options are assumed to be self-explanatory.
 Contour Values The shell element internal forces and stresses are
displayed on screen as colored contours. Specify minimum and maximum
values:
o Min edit box: Any element with a force or stress less than the value
specified in this edit box is displayed in the color associated with
Min in the Contours area of the Assign Display   Colors form. Note
that the color associated with Min is the top color in the form.
o Max edit box: Any element with a force or stress greater than or
equal to the value specified in this edit box is displayed in the color
associated with Max in the Contours area of the Assign Display
Colors form. Note that the color associated with Max is the bottom
color in the form.
With the Min and the Max values specified, ETABS spaces the
intermediate range values equally between the specified Min and
Max values. If the Min and the Max values are both set to zero,
ETABS creates its own range. In that case, ETABS creates a stress
range with rounded (even) values that the actual maximum and
minimum stresses fit within. Note that setting Min and Max to zero is
the default.
o Contour Averaging at Nodes. Specify if stress averaging is to be
used when displaying the shell element forces or stresses. ETABS
offers the following options:
o
o None -  no stress averaging
o By Objects - stress averaging at all objects
o By Selected Groups - stress averaging at specific points
selected just before plotting the shell forces or stresses; click
the Groups button to access the Select Groups form and select
objects by Group names.
Explanation of Contour Averaging. Consider the four shell
elements labeled A, B, C and D shown in the sketch below. These
four shell elements all have a common point, labeled 1, in the sketch.
Each of the shell elements has an associated internal force or stress at
joint 1. Typically the forces or stresses at common points in the
various shell elements are different. The finer the mesh, the closer the
values become.
If the force or stress contours are plotted with no stress averaging at
the common points, typically the changes in force or stress from
element to element will be abrupt. Stress averaging tends to eliminate
the abrupt changes in the plot and smooths the contours.
ETABS averages the stresses at a point by averaging the stresses
from all shell elements that both connect to the point and are visible
in the active window. Then when ETABS plots the stress for a
particular shell element, it plots that average stress at the point
considered instead of the actual stress calculated for that shell
element at the point.
Do not overlook the implications of the underlined portion of the
previous paragraph. For example, assume the active window is
displaying stresses in a location where a wall intersects a floor.
Further assume that the display shows averaged stresses in the floor.
If the averaged stresses in the floor are displayed in a 2D plan view of
the floor, only the shell elements that are in the floor, and thus visible
in the window, are included in the stress averaging.
If the same averaged stresses are displayed in a 3D view, where both
the wall and the floor are visible, the shell elements from both the
floor and the wall are included in the stress averaging. Thus the
averaged stresses in the floor at the intersection of the floor and the
wall will appear differently in a 2D plan view versus a 3D view.
 Scaling options. The scaling options will be available only if Display on
Deformed Shape or Display Extruded Contours has been selected for
the Contour Option. When available, the scale factor can be used to
exaggerate the displacements/extrusions relative to the geometry of the
structure. Choose Automatic scaling or specify a User Scale Factor to
scale the deformed shape or the extruded results.  
Miscellaneous Notes about Shell Element Forces and Stresses Note that shell
element stresses (not forces) actually have different values at the top and bottom
of the shell elements (area objects). Thus, depending on which side of the object
is displayed, different stresses may be shown. Two-dimensional views always
display area objects from the same side. To display stresses on the other side of
the area object, view them in a 3D view.
Finally, when shell element forces and stresses are plotted for multi-valued load
combinations, ETABS displays the maximum or minimum value that has the
largest absolute value.

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