11/12

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Political Phenomenon
Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Political Phenomenon
First Edition, 2020

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Writer: Mark A. Geronimo
Editors:
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa, PhD, Antonio V. Amparado Jr., Rolex H. Lotilla, Arvin M. Tejada
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Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
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 11/12

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Political Phenomenon
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance with Grade 11/12 Self-Learning
Module (SLM) on Political Phenomenon!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Political Phenomenon!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is made to help you
master the Political Phenomenon. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three learning outcomes, namely:

 LO 1 – Explain the concept, relationship and importance
of politics, governance and government
 LO 2 – Differentiate the political ideologies
 LO 3 – Analyze the nature, dimensions/types, and
consequences of power

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Define politics, governance and government
 Illustrate and show examples the concept of politics, governance and
government
 Define the political ideologies
 Enumerate the political ideologies
 Define the nature, dimensions/types, and consequences of power
 Explain the nature, dimesnions/types and consequences

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 What I Know

Let us determine how much you have already learned.

Instruction. Kindly answer the following questions. Select the letter of the correct
answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper.

1. An event or activity is connected to how government are run is called ____.

A. Nation C. Social Movement
B. Power D. Nation

2. This refers to a group of people occupying a definite territory who can

independently govern themselves
A. Globalization C. Sovereignty
B. Nation D. State

3. The process by which businesses or other organization develops

international influence or start operating on an international scale
A. Globalization C. Localization
B. Governance D. Politics

4. The action or manner of governing

A. Globalization C. Localization
B. Governance D. Politics

5. A large body of people united by common descent, history, culture or

language, inhabiting a particular country or territory
A. Government C. State
B. Politics D. Nation

6. Why study politics?

A. Politics makes you understand the mind.
B. Politics makes you understand of past events.
C. Politics makes you aware of the events around you.
D. Politics makes you understand human interactions.

7. Which of the following is true about governance?

A. Governance is the process of governing the affairs of the state.
B. Governance is the process of manipulating human interactions.
C. Governance is the process of taking control of personal human affairs.
D. All of the above.

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8. How political ideologies impact the social and political life of the Filipino?
A. Political ideologies guide the people in the community.
B. Political ideologies guide the people in crafting sound policies.
C. Political ideologies lays down the procedure for their way of life.
D. All of the above.

9. What are the different types of power?

A. Nature, Expert, Legitimate and Reward
B. Scientific, Charismatic, Despotic and Platonic
C. Responsive, Coercive, Legitimate and Referent
D. Coercive, Expert, Legitimate, Reward and Referent

10. What is globalization?

A. Globalization is the dehumanization of human beings.
B. Globalization is the process of trading of different nations.
C. Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has
social and cultural aspects.
D. None of the above.

11. Which of the following is correct about Globalization?

A. A stretching of social, political, and economic activities across political
frontiers.
B. A growing magnitude of interconnectedness in almost every sphere of
social existence.
C. A growing magnitude of interconnectedness in almost every sphere of
social existence.
D. An accelerating pace of global interactions and processes associated
with a deepening enmeshment of the local and the global.

12. Which of the following is an argument of a constructivist?

A. Scientific inquiry can uncover absolute truths.
B. Material forces are much more important than ideas.
C. Individuals are powerless to shape the world as they find it.
D. The truth is always socially constructed.

13. What is critical theory?

A. Often closely related to Marxist ideas.
B. A reaction against Marxism.
C. Based on a restatement of traditional liberal views
D. A realist acceptance of global exploitation.

14. A political scientist would likely employ the concept of political socialization
in a study examining:
A. How members of a political organization interact with one another
B. The nature and meaning of citizenship
C. How people come to embrace certain political beliefs, values and
actions
D. Methods for making reasoned decisions about policy issues

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15. The writings of both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes played a major role
in the development of which of the following political ideas?
A. The main function of government is to protect the natural rights of
citizens.
B. Government is based on a social contract between rulers and ruled.
C. People have the right to overthrow governments that unjustly oppress
them.
D. Strong rulers are necessary to prevent social disorder and political
chaos.

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 Lesson

1 Political Phenomenon

Political Science is basically a study of the events that are happening around you. It
is specifically focused on how people interact with each other and how they struggle
for power when they are in a group.

For a moment, when you are in a group, think of the following: “Who gets to decide
where to eat for lunch? What is going to be the color of the classroom wall or the color
of your house? Or even the activities that you will be doing when you are around with
other people.” All these things, though decided together, are influenced by a certain
person possessing power under the existing circumstance. This is particularly the
interest of the Political Scientists. How do people behave with respect with other
people?

For you to be able to understand what is happening around you, you have to have a
system of studying it. This module will teach you how to understand how political
scientists perform their tasks in studying the events around us.

What’s In

Recall that in other areas of discipline like Mathematics and Science, there are
ways of studying them that are specific to the subject. Same goes for studying
Politics. In your idea, how would you study power as exhibited by the people in a
group. Write your answer in the box.

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 What’s New

Study the following song written by Little Mix, a group of internationally acclaimed
singers. Answer the following questions. Write your response on the Answer Sheet.

Power
Little Mix

Hold up, no you didn't bow, bow

I ain't the chick to walk behind you around town
Just cause you're packin', packin', whoop, down south
That don't mean I'm ever gonna take it laying down, baby
Oh I'm a machine when I do it
I'll be catching fire, gasoline when I do it
Just cause you're packin', packin', whoop, down south
That don't mean I'm ever gonna take it laying down
Baby, you're the man
But I got the, I got the, I got the power
You make rain
But I'll make it, I'll make it, I'll make it shower
You should know, I'm the one who's in control
I'll let you come take the wheel, long as you don't forget
Who got the power?
I got the, I got the power
I got the, I got the power
I got the, I got the power
Hold up!
My turn
I make this look easy
Tick tick boom like…
Source: LyricFind.com

1. How did Little Mix describe power?

2. What specific power are they referring in their song?
3. What specific events in life does this happen?

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 What is It

A. The Meaning of Politics

The word Politics came from Greek word polis which means affairs of the cities.
Politics is the process of making decisions that apply to members of a group. It refers
to achieving and exercising positions of governance — organized control over a
human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the study or practice
of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (this is usually
a hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between
communities.1

In your family, your father generally makes decisions in matters that relate to
the family. Sometimes, however, he shares this responsibility with your mother or
maybe even with all members of the family. Your decisions, whether you admit it or
not, are influenced by the decisions of the head of the family who happens to be your
father or in his absence it can be your mother or another member of the family who
wields a certain amount of authority or power because of age or position. This goes
with the other groups in the society such as your classmates while you are at school,
your barkada, members of a church, biking club members or even members of the
Congress.

Whether we admit it or not, we make decisions based on the influences by the

people important to us or who has authority over us. It may be because that person
is a family member, an employer where you work or a person who occupies a position
in the government such as mayors, governors or senators.

This has long been existing, yes, even in earliest times. Our ancestors look
lived together with their kin. They hunted animals together. They farmed together.
They protected themselves from all forms of danger with the other members of the
group. In the process, one from among them had to be the leader.

This is basically the subject of politics. Who gets to emerge as the leader?
What makes a person qualified to gain the power that other members of the group
entrust to the leader? What will be the decision of the group? These are the questions
that may commonly would have to answer when studying politics.

They are represented by the articulation between social movements, electoral

institutions and political parties. Political articulation can be defined as the degree
to which citizens and citizen groups can influence policy through democratic
institutions. A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of
people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one. This may be to
carry out, resist or undo a social change. It is a type of group action and may involve
individuals, organizations or both. An electoral system or voting system is a set of

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rules that determine how elections. The study of formally defined electoral methods
is called social choice theory or voting theory.

Why study Politics

Political Science is the study of a range of political ideas, events, actions, and
institutions. It includes both understanding and explaining the world of politics that
is all around us. You participate in politics, though most of the time you do so
unknowingly. Politics is much more than simply voting in an election or working in
government. Reading or listening to news, making donations to aid groups, or talking
with friends and family about social issues and values are a few of the many
examples of political activity in our everyday lives. This means they vary across
individuals and cultures and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems.
Types of values include ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (religious,
political) values, social values, and aesthetic values.

So, why study Politics? Here are reasons why you have to study Politics: (1) It
helps you to know your rights; (2) It clarifies what you believe; (3) It helps you
understand the affairs of our nation, and (4) It prepares you for adult life.

The Meaning of Governance

Governance is all of the processes of governing, whether undertaken by a

government, market or network, whether over a family, tribe, formal or informal
organization or territory and whether through the laws, norms, power or language of
an organized society. It relates to the processes of interaction and decision-making
among the actors involved in a collective problem that lead to the creation,
reinforcement, or reproduction of social norms and institutions. In lay terms, it could
be described as the political processes that exist in between formal institutions.

Various Views on Politics

Political parties based their political action on a certain ideology believed in by

their members. We could divide political ideologies under the following headers with
many variations under each header: Anarchism, Communism, Conservatism,
Environmentalism, Gender-ism, Liberalism, Nationalism, Religious, Socialism, etc.

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Government vs. Governance

Governance is the act of governing or ruling. It is the set of rules and laws
framed by the government that are to be implemented through the representatives
of the state. The difference between “government” and “governance” may be clarified
using an example of a business which is run by a group of people.

Governance is from the Greek words kybenan and kybernetes, meaning ‘to
steer’ and ‘pilot’ or ‘helmsman’. It is the process whereby ‘an organization or a society
steers itself, and the dynamics of communication and control are central to the
process’ (Rosenau and Durfee, 1995, p. 14). Of course, you could read these words
as a pretty sound definition of government but that would be missing the point.
Government describes a more rigid and narrower set of activities among a narrower
set of participants (usually civil servants, elected politicians and some influential or
privileged interests). The word ‘governance’ is often used in this course because it is
a better fit for the issues of global environmental change addressed. It has spread
like wildfire through debates on a range of issues, but particularly around
environment and development issues, because it acknowledges that there is a range
of institutions, rules and participants, both within and beyond the nation state, who
are involved in making decisions. This is happening at both national and
international levels, but also in innovative new forms of organisation that cut across
government boundaries.

The state is seen as having progressively lost its monopoly over the control of
citizens and the regulation of business and other institutions. It is still a player, but
commentators have to take into account a range of other participants and scales.
Political scientists are having to think in terms of webs or networks of governance.
They have to consider these as being both horizontal and vertical, and as
representing new ways of distributing the business of managing societies' concerns
across local, national, regional and international scales. Involvement of a wider circle
of stakeholders is seen as central.

Although this is true of all discussions of new patterns of governance, it has

been particularly true of environmental governance. This is probably best
demonstrated by the gradual emergence of environmental and social NGOs as major
players in international negotiations, such as around climate change. They can claim
to represent a global movement, yet can also draw on very local voices as ‘witnesses’
to environmental problems. They can also keep watch on individual national
delegations to underpin their commitment to action. Increasingly, there are instances
of NGO representatives being invited to join national delegations, both to represent
environmentalist strands within civil society and on account of their expert
knowledge of the negotiation processes. Another set of stakeholders known as
QUANGOs (quasi non-governmental organisations) has taken on roles that might
previously have been associated with government, such as the Environment Agency
in the UK. Table 2 lists the distinctions charted thus far between government and
governance.

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 B. The Basic Tenets of the Major Political Ideologies

These political ideologies are, for the most part, mutually exclusive. So, a
liberal government does not usually practice socialism, nor does an absolute ruler
follow liberalism. The five major political ideologies have played a key role in history
by shaping governments and political movements.

Anarchism

The belief that the best government is absolutely no government is known as

anarchism. This ideology argues that everything about governments is repressive and
therefore must be abolished entirely. A related ideology known as nihilism
emphasizes that everything—both government and society—must be periodically
destroyed in order to start anew. Nihilists often categorically reject traditional
concepts of morality in favor of violence and terror. Anarchism and Nihilism were
once associated with socialism because many anarchists and nihilists supported the
socialists’ call for revolution and the complete overhaul of government and society in
the early to mid-twentieth century.

Liberalism

In the early modern age of the Western world (beginning roughly in the early
1500s and running for about 200 years), a number of changes occurred that led to
new ideologies: The European discovery of the Americas, the rise of Protestantism,
the beginnings of the free-market economy, and the early stages of the scientific
revolution fundamentally altered Europe. People began developing different ways of
thinking to take account of these changes.

Conservatism

Conservatism (also known as classical conservatism) began as a reaction

against the liberal ideas taking hold of Europe during the French Revolution in the
late eighteenth century. This type of conservatism differs from American
conservatism. Edmund Burke, a British member of Parliament, observed the early
stages of the French Revolution with great distress and predicted the violence and
terror that would ensue. His book, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), is
one of the founding texts of classical conservatism.

Socialism

Socialism arose as a response to the Industrial Revolution, which was the

emergence of technologies such as the steam engine and mass production. The
Industrial Revolution started in England in the last years of the eighteenth century
and had spread to much of Europe and America by the end of the nineteenth century.
It caused major upheavals. In a very short time, many people were forced to abandon
agricultural ways of life for the modern mechanized world of factories.

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Nationalism

Nationalism, a strong belief that one’s nation is great (and, usually, better
than others), also arose during the modern era. In the eighteenth and nineteenth
centuries, nationalism emerged as a powerful force that caused a number of
revolutions. People began to identify with and take pride in their particular nation-
state. The French Revolution and the subsequent Napoleonic Wars helped spread
nationalism throughout Europe because many nations rallied together to defeat
Napoleon.

Fascism

Fascism is a highly nationalist, militaristic, totalitarian political ideology in

which one person has absolute power. World War I was the key event that spawned
fascism. The war was the first major war fought between industrialized nations,
which were armed with technology such as machine guns and chemical weapons.
The result was utter devastation. Millions died, entire countries collapsed, and those
who survived were often profoundly disillusioned. For many people, the war showed
that modern ideas had failed and that a new way was needed.

The Political Ideologies

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain

ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy or
autocracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). Sometimes
the same word is used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas.

In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals,

principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or
large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and
cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself
with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some parties follow
a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group
of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity
of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes
act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions:

Goals: how society should be organized.

Methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

For instance, "socialism" may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to

an ideology which supports that economic system. Political ideology is a term fraught
with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social
science", However, ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the
political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), though this is very often
controversial. Finally, ideologies can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g.
populism) and from single issues that a party may be built around (e.g. opposition
to European integration or the legalization of marijuana). There are several studies
that show that political ideology is heritable within families.

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The Relationship Between Political Ideologies
and Configurations of Political Communities

Ideology, and its study, have been subject to an interpretational tug-of-war

among political theorists that, until recently, has devalued their status as an object
of scholarship. They might have understood how conceptual configurations could be
rejigged through their reordering and re-weighting. In Philippine setting, there are
more than one political ideology. The effect of it brings different set of principles to
each life of Filipinos.

The impact of political ideology in political life puts up set of different opinions
and belief from group to individual political party and through these the ideals of
how a society should work varies on how the power will allocate.

Political ideologies also affect one’s social life as everyone fight for their right
of understanding as each opinion contain certain ideas to provide recommendation
for the betterment of one country.

How Political Ideologies Impact

on the Social and Political Life of Filipino

In reality, political ideologies have little to almost no effect over Filipino’s social
and political life. This reason is due to the fact that existing political parties in the
Philippines have either muddled or twisted different political ideologies that they were
supposed to be built on. Nevertheless, what currently drives Filipinos’ socio-political
life is populism.

C. Power
Power can be defined in many ways. Most simply, it is the ability to get what
you want, or as scholar Kenneth Boulding said, power is "the ability to change the
future." Some scholars make a distinction between three kinds of power-- "power
over," "power to" and "power with.

"Power over" is the ability to dominate another person or group--as in "I have
power over him. This means, "I have the ability to make him do what I want him to
do." Power-over usually comes from force and threat. If the subordinate fails to do
what he or she is asked to do, the dominant person will use force to make the
subordinate person comply.

"Power to" is the ability to do something on one’s own--it refers to one’s

abilities. Sources of this kind of power are intellect, resources, knowledge, stamina,
etc. These resources give some people the power to accomplish things that others
cannot.

"Power with" is similar to "power to" in that it reflects ability, but "power with"
is the ability to work with others to get something done by cooperation. This is the
power of consensus--the power of people working together to solve a common
problem

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Types of Power

1. Coercive Power- This kind of power involves the usage of threat to make people
do what one desires. In the organizational set up, it translates into threatening
someone with transfer, firing, demotions etc. It basically forces people to
submit to one’s demand for the fear of losing something.

2. Reward Power- As the name suggests, this type of power uses rewards, perks,
new projects or training opportunities, better roles and monetary benefits to
influence people. However, an interesting aspect of this type of power is that,
it is not powerful enough in itself, as decisions related to rewards do not rest
solely with the person promising them, because in organizations, a lot of other
people come into play like senior managers and board.

3. Legitimate Power- This power emanates from an official position held by

someone, be it in an organization, or government etc. The duration of this
power is short lived as a person can use it only till the time he/she holds that
position, as well as, the scope of the power is small as it is strictly defined by
the position held.

4. Expert Power- This is a personal kind of power which owes its genesis to the
skills and expertise possessed by an individual, which is of higher quality and
not easily available. In such a situation, the person can exercise the power of
knowledge to influence people. Since, it is very person specific and skills can
be enhanced with time; it has more credibility and respect.

5. Referent Power- This is a power wielded by celebrities and film stars as they
have huge following amongst masses who like them, identify with them and
follow them. Hence, they exert lasting influence on a large number of people
for a large number of decisions; like from what car to buy to which candidate
to choose for a higher office in the country.

What are the consequences of using coercive power?

No one likes to be threatened. Department members may do what the head

wants if they are threatened with political, social, financial – or even physical(!) –
retribution if they do not, but coercion is also likely to cause anger and alienation.
As a consequence, even if department members appear to agree to a head's demand,
they may follow the letter but not the spirit of a new policy, refuse to enact it when
no one is watching them, sabotage it, and be less willing to accept the head's
influence in the future.

Globalization and nation-states are not in contradiction, since globalization is the

present stage of capitalist development, and the nation-state is the territorial political
unit that organizes the space and population in the capitalist system.

17
 D. Nations, State and Globalization

The State as Different from the Nation as a Political Concept

A state may be defined as a politically organized body of people inhabiting a

defined geographical entity with an organized legitimate government whilst a nation
is a group of people with a common race, culture, religion and historical experiences
but who may not necessarily live together in a single territory.

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Globalization as a context of
relations among nation-states

Globalization also creates a sense of interdependence among nations, which

could create an imbalance of power among nations of differing economic strengths.
The role of the nation-state in a global world is largely a regulatory one as the chief
factor in global interdependence.

A state is a form of political organization in which a group of people who share

the same history, traditions, or language live in a particular area under one
government

In political science, a "nation" refers to a group of people who feel bound into
a single body by shared culture, values, folkways, religion and/or language. A "state"
just refers to a patch of land with a sovereign government. States often coincide with
nations (and are called "nation-states," but not always.

Globalization

Globalization the increasing interaction of people, states, or countries through

the growth of the international flow of money, ideas, and culture. Globalization is
primarily an economic process of integration that has social and cultural aspects. It
involves goods and services, and the economic resources of capital, technology, and
data. The steam locomotive, steamship, jet engine, and container ships are some of
the advances in the means of transport while the rise of the telegraph and its modern
offspring, the Internet and mobile phones show development in telecommunications
infrastructure. All of these improvements we enjoy in the modern era have been
major factors in globalization and have generated further interdependence of
economic and cultural activities.

How Globalization Influences Nation-States

Since the beginning of the 1990s, globalization has become a high frequency
word in our daily life. Actually, globalization is not a strange word since the
16thcentury and Europe as the original source of globalization. It has some simple
international trade at that time. People realize the importance of multinational
communication and trade; therefore make globalization become the main trend in
today's world. In 21st century, globalization has become more and more common in
the whole world, no matter people, organizations, or government, both can see the

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changes which globalization brings them. Globalization has deeply influence people's
life and working style, globalization makes world integrity closely and makes people's
life become more and more convenient, it brings many benefits to people. Not only
have deeply impact on people's life, but also influence the nation-state more or less.
It influences the nation-state's sovereignty integrity, impact on their economic
development and their national culture. Although it changes the nation-state original
condition, it still brings them some positive influence. It helps nation-state develop
better and better. Therefore, globalization both give them chances and challenges,
restructuring politics, economic penetration and communication between
multinational culture and national culture. In this essay, the purpose is to explain
the relationship between the globalization and nation-state. Firstly, it will explain the
academic definition of globalization and nation-state, and state the process of
globalization and the characters of nation-state. Then, it will put forward the
academic debate about the relationship between globalization and nation-state and
explain it briefly. Thirdly, it will discuss the globalization influences the nation-state
through political, economic and cultural aspects. Media globalization also brings
benefits to nation-state because media is the key linking bridge which connects the
nation-state with other countries. Lastly, it will make a conclusion and provide the
opinion for this essay.

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Definition of Terms

Political Phenomenon
An event related to the government or the public affairs of a country

Politics
The activities associated with the governance of a country or other area,
especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or
hoping to achieve power

Political Science
The branch of knowledge that deals with systems of government; the
analysis of political activity and behavior

Governance
The action or manner of governing

Power
The ability to do something or act in a particular way, especially as a
faculty or quality

State
A nation or territory considered as an organized political community
under one government

Nation
A large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or
language, inhabiting a particular country or territory

Globalization
The process by which businesses or other organizations develop
international influence or start operating on an international scale

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 What’s More

Copy and fill out the following Graphic Organizers. Write your answer on your
Answer Sheets.

Politics Governance

Political Ideologies Meaning

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 Types of Power Meaning

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

1. What are the instances where a person struggle for power?

2. How should Political Science be studied?

3. What are the Political Ideologies? How do they influence actions of people?

4. What are the different types of power?

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 What I Can Do

Political Analyst
Take the role of a Political Analyst. Cite a current issue. Tell your analysis and how
it affect the actions of other people. Make an journal or article of your analysis.

Goal To analyse a certain current issue

Role Political Analyst

Audience Teacher

Situation You are asked to analyse a current issue and describe the impact of
the issue to the actions of the people.

Product, An article or journal that contains an analysis of a current issue to

Performan convey your opinion and persuade others
ce, and
Purpose

Standards Criteria Description Points

and
Criteria Content 5 Comprehensiveness of information
for and ideas
Success
Organization 5 Presentation of ideas

Grammar 5 Free from ungrammatical

structures and misspelled words

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 Assessment

Instruction. Kindly answer the following questions. Select the letter of the correct
answer and write it in a separate sheet of paper.

1. This refers to a group of people occupying a definite territory who can

independently govern themselves.
A. Globalization C. Sovereignty
B. Nation D. State

2. An event or activity is connected to how government are run is called ____.

A. Nation C. Social Movement
B. Power D. Ways

3. This refers to the action or manner of governing.

A. Globalization C. Localization
B. Governance D. Politics

4. This is the process by which businesses or other organization develops

international influence or start operating on an international scale.
A. Globalization C. Localization
B. Governance D. Politics

5. This refers to a large body of people united by common descent, history,

culture or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.
A. Government C. State
B. Politics D. Nation

6. Why study politics?

A. Politics makes you understand the mind.
B. Politics makes you understand of past events.
C. Politics makes you aware of the events around you.
D. Politics makes you understand human interactions.

7. Which of the following is true about governance?

A. Governance is the process of governing the affairs of the state.
B. Governance is the process of manipulating human interactions.
C. Governance is the process of taking control of personal human affairs.
D. All of the above.

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8. How political ideologies impact the social and political life of the Filipino?
A. Political ideologies guide the people in the community.
B. Political ideologies guide the people in crafting sound policies.
C. Political ideologies lays down the procedure for their way of life.
D. All of the above.

9. What is globalization?
A. Globalization is the dehumanization of human beings.
B. Globalization is the process of trading of different nations.
C. Globalization is primarily an economic process of integration that has
social and cultural aspects.
D. None of the above.

10. What are the different types of power?

A. Nature, Expert, Legitimate and Reward
B. Scientific, Charismatic, Despotic and Platonic
C. Responsive, Coercive, Legitimate and Referent
D. Coercive, Expert, Legitimate, Reward and Referent

11. Which of the following is correct about Globalization?

A. A stretching of social, political, and economic activities across political
frontiers.
B. A growing magnitude of interconnectedness in almost every sphere of
social existence.
C. A growing magnitude of interconnectedness in almost every sphere of
social existence.
D. An accelerating pace of global interactions and processes associated
with a deepening enmeshment of the local and the global.

12. What is critical theory?

A. Often closely related to Marxist ideas.
B. A reaction against Marxism.
C. Based on a restatement of traditional liberal views
D. A realist acceptance of global exploitation.

13. Which of the following is an argument of a constructivist?

A. Scientific inquiry can uncover absolute truths.
B. Material forces are much more important than ideas.
C. Individuals are powerless to shape the world as they find it.
D. The truth is always socially constructed.

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14. A political scientist would likely employ the concept of political socialization
in a study examining:
A. How members of a political organization interact with one another
B. The nature and meaning of citizenship
C. How people come to embrace certain political beliefs, values and
actions
D. Methods for making reasoned decisions about policy issues

15. The writings of both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes played a major role
in the development of which of the following political ideas?
A. The main function of government is to protect the natural rights of
citizens.
B. Government is based on a social contract between rulers and ruled.
C. People have the right to overthrow governments that unjustly oppress
them.
D. Strong rulers are necessary to prevent social disorder and political
chaos.

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 Additional Activities

Write down all political phenomenon that that you can think or observe.

1. _________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________________

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 28
Assessment What I Know
1. D 1. C
2. C 2. C
3. B 3. A
4. A 4. D
5. D 5. C
6. C 6. A
7. D 7. D
8. D 8. D
9. D 9. A
10. A 10. D
11. A 11. A
12. A 12. A
13. A 13. D
14. A 14. D
15. A 15. A
Answer Key
References

List of youth organizations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_youth_

Organizations. July 6, 2020

Branches of Government. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/branches-of

government. 2020

Three Branches of Government. https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/

three-branches/three-branches-of-government. Harry S. Truman. July 22,
2019

Civil Society and Social Movement. https://study.com/academy/lesson/

what-is-a-civil-society-definition-examples.html. 2020

Political Ideology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies.

2020

Political Ideology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/

psychology/political-ideology 2020

Local Government. https://www.foi.gov.ph/?gclid 2020

What is Local Government? https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-

local-government-definition-responsibilities-challenges.html March 2020

Power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(social_and_political). July 2,

2020

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 DISCLAIMER

This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with

the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents
of this module were based in DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII
in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was
observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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