D18077-0100D - Design Calculation Sheet

Design calculation sheet
Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 1 of 35 Computed by: AS
Subject: Al Khail Avenue Mall- JVT-Access Roads and Bridges Checked by: MH
Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE
The below calculation covers the calculation for Axial compression resistance of pile, settlement analysis,
vertical and lateral stiffness calculation.
1. Geotechnical considerations:
The design of piled foundation of flyovers is developed following AASTHO-LRFD method. Based on the
analysis of subsurface investigation report available for the Al Khail Avenue mall, the following subsurface
stratigraphy is considered for the geotechnical design of the pile foundation of Flyovers.
Figure 1: Subsurface Stratigraphy
It shall be noted that the design parameters are derived by comparing the average properties at global scale
i.e. considering all the boreholes across the mall site and the average parameters from the boreholes executed
at the Al Khail mall location. Idealized soil layers and the thicknesses are chosen corresponding to the
critical thickness of the layers from the all boreholes.
PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 1/35

Table 1: Design parameters
qu, Avg. Resistance

Layer unconfined E Factor as
Friction RQD
Layer Description Thickness compressive Modulus per
angle ( (%)
(m) Strength (MPa) AASTHO
(MPa) LRFD
Medium dense to
dense silty Sand with 9 32 - - 32 0.55
gravels
Medium dense silty
6 32 - - 25 0.55
Sand with gravels
Sandstone 5 - 4 80 155 0.60
Conglomerate 20 - 5.9 80 250 0.55
2. Codes and Standards:
The Geotechnical design is developed in compliance with the below listed standards, design manuals and
international references in practice:
Foundation Design:
 AASTHO LRFD Bridge Design Specification 2012
 Braja M. Das, Principles of Foundation Engineering,
3. Axial compression resistance of Piled foundation:
Pile capacity in axial compression is calculated in accordance with AASTHO LRFD Bridge Design
Specification. The soil stratigraphy and soil parameters considered to compute pile capacity are presented in
table 1 of this report. Pile axial capacity, Settlement, vertical stiffness calculations related to 1 m diameter pile
for 8 m socket adopted at the abutment of flyover 1 is presented in this report.
The nominal ultimate resistance of pile in axial compression is expressed by the following equation and is
illustrated through the Figure 2.

Figure 2: Idealized geomaterial layering for computation of compression resistance.
where,
RTN is the Nominal ultimate resistance of pile in compression.
Rsi is the Nominal ultimate pile side resistance in respective layer.
RPN is the Nominal ultimate base resistance of pile.
qi is the unit side resistance of respective layer.
∆Zi is the thickness of respective layer
D is the diameter of pile.
qp is unit base resistance computed for the layer in which the base of the pile is founded.
It shall be noted that the piles are designed as friction and end bearing piles.
The Pile design for the bridges is developed following AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification 2012.
The idealized soil layers under bridge structure are categorized under different geomaterial types as given
below following the guidelines provided by O’neill and Reese (1999).
a) Cohesive soil (clay or plastic silt with su ≤ 0.25 MPa),
b) Granular soil (sand, gravel or non-plastic silt with N (average within layer) ≤ 50,
c) Intermediate Geomaterial (IGM)
Cohesive: e.g. clay shales or mudstones with 0.25 MPa < su < 2.5 MPa,
Cohesionless: e.g. granular fills, granular residual soils with N > 50,
d) Rock (cohesive, cemented geomaterial with su ≥ 2.5MPa or qu ≥ 5.0 MPa

Based on the outcomes of subsurface investigation results (Bore logs, SPT and UCS values), the Calcareous
Sandstone is classified as Cohesive IGM and The lower layer Conglomerate as Rock.
The factored resistance of drilled shafts,
Where:
Rs is the Nominal pile shaft side resistance

qs is the resistance factor for pile shaft side resistance specified in Table 2
qs is the unit side resistance
As is the area of shaft side surface
Table 2:Resistance factors for Geotechnical Resistance of Drilled shafts

4. Pile Capacity:
4.1 Side Resistance
Side Resistance in cohesion less soil (Sand):
The Side resistance for shafts in cohesion less soils shall be determined using  method,
In which
where:
 = load transfer coefficient
’f = friction angle of cohesionless soil layer
’p = effective vertical preconsolidation stress
’v = vertical effective stress at soil layer mid-depth
The correlation for effective soil friction angle for use in the above equation shall be taken as:
= 27.5+9.2log(N1)60
where,
(N1)60 = SPT N- value corrected for effective overburden stress
For sands:
where,
m = 0.6 for clean quartzitic sands
pa = atmospheric pressure
’p = effective vertical preconsolidation stress = 101.3 x 0.47 x 25^ 0.6 = 328.45 kN/m2
’v = vertical effective stress at soil layer mid-depth = 8 x 9 x 0.5 = 36 kN/m2


 = load transfer coefficient = 0.9479
qs = 36 x 0.9479 = 34.12 kPa

Bentonite correction factor = 0.75
qs = 0.75 x 34.12 = 25.59 kPa
Factored side resistance = 0.5 x 25.59 = 12.79 kPa
Skin friction capacity in cohesion less soil= 12.79 x  x 1 x 9 = 361.62 kN
Side resistance in calcareous Sandstone:

The nominal unit side resistance of pile in calcareous Sandstone, having thickness of 5 m , which is classified
as Cohesive Intermediate Geomaterial (IGM) as per the guidelines provided in O’neill and Reese (1999), is
computed by the following equation:
where:
fa is the Nominal unit side resistance
 is the IGM factor to account for the effects of disturbance.
qu is the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of rock
 is derived from Figure 3, based on the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of the rock and the ratio of normal
effective pressure and the atmospheric pressure.
Figure 3: Factor a for IGM’s (O’Neill et al., 1996)

where,
is the normal effective pressure against the side of the borehole.
Pa is the atmospheric pressure = 2 ksf (101.3 kPa)
The normal effective pressure is computed using the following equation;
where,
is the unit weight of fluid concrete = 14 kN/m3
zc is the depth to the point at which is to be computed = (0.5 x 5 m)+9m
M is an empirical factor, which depends upon the fluidity of the concrete as indexed by concrete
slump which is assumed to be 200, from Figure 4.
Figure 4: Factors M vs concrete slump (O’Neill et al., 1996)
Accordingly an effective pressure at 2.5m of sandstone layer (i.e. at 11.5) for the empirical factor of M =
0.7827 is calculated as;
= 0.7827 x 14 x 11.5= 126.01 kPa.
/ Pa = 126.01/101.3 = 1.24
The Corresponding  factor is 0.0845

And the Nominal Side resistance, fa = 0.0845 * 4000 = 338.25 kPa.
The ratio of Em/Ei, which is based on the RQD value as per Table 3 below.
Table 3: Estimation of Em/Ei based on RQD (Modified after Carter and Kulhaway, 1988)
Em/Ei
RQD (%) Open
Closed Joints
Joints
100 1.00 0.60
70 0.70 0.10
50 0.15 0.10
20 0.05 0.05
As the RQD value is 80, ratio of Em/Ei corresponding is 0.80. In in-situ conditions, the joints are assumed to
be closed, accordingly the ratio of Em/Ei corresponding to the closed joints is assumed in the design. Ratio less
than 1 is an indication of presence of joints and soft seams in IGM, then, the nominal side resistance, f a ,
obtained from equation above, shall be adjusted to faa using the equation below and Table 4.
Table 4:faa/fa Based on Em/Ei (O’Neill et al, 1996)
Em/Ei faa/fa
1.0 1
0.5 0.8
0.3 0.7
0.1 0.55
0.05 0.45
Accordingly,
faa = 338.25 x 0.92 = 311.19 kPa.
The allowable unit side resistance for the IGM layer is obtained by applying a resistance factor of 0.6 as
recommended in AASTHO LRFD specifications.
Accordingly the factored unit side resistance of Sandstone layer is = 311.19 x 0.6 = 186.714 kPa.
So the skin friction resistance within the Sandstone layer is = 186.714 x π x 1 x 5 = 2932.9 kN

Side resistance in Conglomerate:

The nominal unit side resistance of the pile within the conglomerate having thickness of 20 m , which is
classified as rock as per the guidelines provided in O’neill and Reese (1999), is computed by the following
equation as specified in AASTHO LRFD Specification:
Where,
qu is the Uniaxial Compressive Strength of rock (ksf)
pa is the Atmosheric pressure (2.12 ksf)
E is the reduction factor to account for jointing in rock as provided in Table 5
Em/Ei is calculated by interpolation from the table 5 (corresponding to the RQD of 80%) = 0.80.
So, E is calculated by interpolation from the table 6 (corresponding to the Em/Ei of 0.80) which is = 0.92
Table 5: Estimation of Em based on RQD (after O’Neill and Reese, 1999)
Em/Ei
RQD (%) Closed Open
Joints Joints
100 1.00 0.60
70 0.70 0.10
50 0.15 0.10
20 0.05 0.05
Table 6: Estimation of E (O’Neill and Reese, 1999)
Em/Ei E
1.0 1
0.5 0.8
0.3 0.7
0.1 0.55
0.05 0.45
The resulting nominal unit skin resistance for Conglomerate layer is = 0.65 x 0.92 x 2.12 x (123.22/2.12)^0.5=

9.665 ksf = 462.77 kPa.
The factored side resistance for conglomerate layer = 462.77 x 0.55 = 254.5 kPa.
So the skin friction resistance for remaining pile length 3 m (8m- 5m) of the conglomerate layer is = 254.5 x π
x 1 x 3 = 2398.60 kN
4.2 Tip Resistance
Tip Resistance in Conglomerate:

If the rock below the base of the shaft to a depth of 2.0B is the jointed, the joints have random orientation, and
the condition of the joints can be evaluated as
where:
S,m is the fractured rock mass parameters and are specified in Table 7
qu is the unconfined compressive strength of rock (ksf)
For fair rock quality of mass and Arenaceous rock (sandstone) type C rock, s = 0.0009 and
m =0.3
The unfactored end bearing resistance for conglomerate layer qp= 7.8457 ksf
qp= 373.60 kPa
The factored end bearing for conglomerate layer = 373.60 x 0.55 = 205.48 kPa.
End bearing resistance of Conglomerate layer for 1m dia pile = 205.48 x  x 1^2 = 161.38 kN
Table 7 : Approximate Relationship between Rock-Mass Quality and Material Constants Used in

Defining Nonlinear Strength (Hoek and Brown, 1988)
Accordingly the total axial compression resistance of the 8 m socketed pile = 361+2932 +2398+ 160 = 5851
kN = 580 Ton.
4.2 Uplift Resistance of Pile
The nominal uplift resistance of a single pile is be estimated in a manner similar to that for estimating the side
resistance of piles in compression
Factored uplift resistance,
In which:
where:
Rs is the nominal uplift resistance due to side resistance
As is the area of shaft
up - resistance factor for uplift resistance specified in Table 2
Nominal uplift resistance due to side resistance Rs = 4888.16+4361.50 = 9249.66 kN

Factored uplift resistance = 0.4 x 9249.66 = 3699.86  365 Ton

5. Pile Settlement and Vertical Stiffness Calculation
As the load is carried using rock socket shaft friction only. The settlement is determined using the following
equation:
where:
Se (1) is the Elastic settlement of piles
Se (2) is the Settlement by the load transmitted along the pile shaft
Se (3) is the settlement of pile caused by the load at the pile tip
The deformation of the pile shaft is evaluated, in accordance with the fundamental principles of mechanics of
materials as follows,
where,
Qwp is the load carried at the pile point under working load condition- 160 kN
Qws is the load carried by frictional (skin) resistance under working load condition- 5332 kN
L is the total length of pile- 17
Ap is the area of cross section of pile -0.785 m2
EP is the modulus of elasticity of the pile material – 3.354x 107 kPa
The magnitude of  varies between 0.5 and 0.67 and will depend on the nature of the distribution of the unit
friction (skin) resistance along the pile shaft.  value of 0.5 is considered in the settlement calculations.
Figure 5: Distribution of unit skin friction resistance along the pile shaft
Elastic settlement of pile, Se(1) = 1.79 mm

The settlement of a pile caused by the load carried by the pile shaft is given by following equation

where,
Iws is the Influence factor= 2+0.35(L/D)
D is the Pile diameter – 1 m
L is the embedded length of pile – 8 m
P is the Perimeter of the pile – 3.14 m
Es is the Modulus of elasticity of soil at or below the pile point – 250 MPa
Accordingly, settlement of a pile caused by the load carried by the pile shaft, Se(2) = 2.7 mm
The settlement of the pile due to the load at pile tip was estimated according to the following equation;
where,
QWp is the Load carried by point load- 160 kN
D is the Pile Diameter – 1m
Es is modulus of elasticity of soil at or below the pile point- 250 kPa
μs is the Poisson’s ratio of soil- 0.25
Iwp is the Influence factor – 0.85
Accordingly, settlement of the pile due to the load at pile tip, Se(3) = 0.64 mm
Total Settlement = Se(1) + Se(2) +Se(3) = 1.79+2.7+0.64 = 5.2 mm

Leading to vertical stiffness of, 580/(5.2/1000) = 111538 t/m.
Pile Capacities for 1.0m dia and varying socket length for Strength limit state as below:
Table 8: Pile Capacities for strength limit State (1.0m Dia.)

Total pile Vertical

Pile Tension Pile
Min. socket length length from Pile Capacity stiffness in
Diameter Capacity
Cut-off level compression
(mm)
(m) (m) (t) (t) (t/m)
4 17 280 155 52000
4.5 17.5 310 175 56000
5 18 340 195 62000
5.5 18.5 380 225 94000
6 19 420 250 98000
6.5 19.5 460 280 102000
7 20 500 310 106000
1000
7.5 20.5 540 340 109000
8 21 580 365 111000
8.5 21.5 620 400 114000
9 22 660 425 117000
9.5 22.5 700 455 118000
10 23 740 485 120000
10.5 23.5 780 515 122000
Pile Capacities for 2.5m dia and varying socket length for Strength limit state as below:
Table 9: Pile Capacities for strength limit State (2.5m Dia.)
Total pile Vertical

Pile Min. socket length length from Pile Capacity stiffness in
Diameter Cut-off level compression
(mm)
(m) (m) (t) (t/m)
10 25 1550 210000
11 26 1710 224000
12 27 1870 238800
2.5
13 28 2030 251800
14 29 2190 263900
15 30 2350 275200
6. Lateral Stiffness of Pile
LPile software is used to determine the soil response (p-y curves) to the applied of lateral load, axial load and

bending moment. The resulting lateral stiffness of the pile, which is function of the lateral load, soil reaction
(p) and deflection, the lateral stiffness (k) is recommended to the structural engineers in order to analyze the
(straining actions) Deflection and bending moment developed in the pile.
Following Soil properties (Table 9) and corresponding p-y soil model from LPile are adopted to derive the
lateral soil stiffness along the pile length. The soil properties as mentioned below along with the structural
loads such as lateral load, axial load and bending moment is added as input and the resulting lateral stiffness
for Service, Strength and Extreme limit state, as tabulated below (Table 10), are further recommended to
Structural engineer.
Table 9: Soil Properties
Effective
Layer Thickness unit Friction K UCS
p-y soil model
(m) weight angle (kN/m3) (kPa)
(kN/m3)
0-12.5 Sand (Reese) 8 30 10000
Vuggy
12.5-17.5 11 - - 4000
limestone
Vuggy
17.5-37.5 11 - - 5900
limestone
The resulting bending moment and shear force diagrams were provided for structural input along with the
lateral stiffness values. Bending moment and deflection diagrams for pile at pier 04-F2 and Abutment 1-F3 are
given below. The straining actions pertaining to the remaining piles are reported in Table 10.
7. Deflection and Moment Amplification factor.
The deflection and bending moment of single pile subjected to lateral load, corresponding to the different limit
state, is determined using the Lpile software analysis as discussed in above section. Further, when the piles are
provided in group, the deflection and the moment developed in the pile is usually more due to the pile-soil-
pile interaction effects in group of piles. So in order to account for this group effect , the deflection and the
moment of single pile is further multiplied by the respective amplification factors derived with reference to
the Characteristics load method developed by Duncan et al 1994. The recommended deflection and moment
amplification factors are tabulated in table 10.

Straining actions for pile at Pier 04-F2:
Figure 6 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Strength (I)

Figure 7 : Deflection for pile for Strength (I)

Figure 8 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Strength (III)

Figure 9 : Deflection for pile for Strength (III)

Figure 10 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Extreme Longitudinal

Figure 11 : Deflection diagram for pile for Extreme Longitudinal

Figure 12 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Extreme Transversal

Figure 13 : Deflection diagram for pile for Extreme Transversal

Figure 14 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Service

Figure 15 : Deflection diagram for pile for Service

Straining actions for pile at Abutment 1-F3 :
Figure 16 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Strength (I)

Figure 17 : Deflection for pile for Strength (I)

Figure 18 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Strength III

Figure 19 : Deflection diagram for pile for Strength III

Figure 20 : Bending moment diagram for pile for Service

Figure 21 : Deflection diagram for pile for Service

Table 10. lateral Soil Stiffness
Pile Bending Shear Lateral

Deflection
Load Combinations Dia Moment Force Stiffness Pile CLM FACTOR
(mm)
(m) (kN-m) (kN) (kN/m) length
Moment Deflection
Service Case 1 850 320 4.24 75472 23.5 1.06 1.25

Strength (I) 1 1230 430 6.75 63704 23.5 1.06 1.14
01-F1 Strength (III) 1 495 190 2.3 82609 23.5 1.06 1.14
Extreme longitudinal 1 2245 710 14.3 49650 23.5 1.06 1.2
Extreme transversal 1 2060 660 12.82 51482 23.5 1.06 1.2
Service Case 1 390 150 1.82 82418 22 1.16 1.47

Strength (I) 1 445 170 2.07 82126 22 1.16 1.47
02-F1 Strength (III) 1 466 180 2.19 82192 22 1.16 1.47

Extreme longitudinal 1 1365 470 7.7 61039 22 1.16 1.47
Extreme transversal 1 1086 390 5.8 67241 22 1.16 1.47
Service Case 1 625 240 2.9 82759 21 1.19 1.33

Strength (I) 1 785 300 3.8 78947 21 1.19 1.5
03-F1 Strength (III) 1 730 280 3.5 80000 21 1.19 1.5

Service Case 1 650 250 3.1 80645 22 1.16 1.33

Strength (I) 1 625 240 2.9 82759 22 1.16 1.33
04-F1 Strength (III) 1 625 240 2.9 82759 22 1.16 1.33

Service Case 1 1896 620 11.5 53913 21 1.07 1.16
Abutment- F1 Strength (I) 1 3131 940 21.4 43925 21 1.07 1.18
Strength (III) 1 2345 740 15 49333 21 1.07 1.18
Service Case 1 336 130 1.58 82278 21 1.16 1.47

Strength (I) 1 415 160 1.95 82051 21 1.16 1.47
1A-F2 Strength (III) 1 521 201 2.46 81707 21 1.16 1.47


Service Case 1 215 83 1.01 82178 22 1.16 1.47

Strength (I) 1 260 100 1.2 83333 22 1.16 1.47
01-F2 Strength (III) 1 370 143 1.7 84118 22 1.16 1.47

Service Case 1 322 124 1.51 82119 22.5 1.16 1.47

Strength (I) 1 405 156 1.9 82105 22.5 1.16 1.47
02-F2 Strength (III) 1 475 183 2.24 81696 22.5 1.16 1.47
Service Case 1 210 80 0.97 82474 23 1.16 1.47

Strength (I) 1 315 120 1.46 82192 23 1.16 1.47
03-F2 Strength (III) 1 315 120 1.46 82192 23 1.16 1.47

Service Case 1 670 260 3.2 81250 22 1.19 1.56

Strength (I) 1 760 290 3.68 78804 22 1.19 1.56
04-F2 Strength (III) 1 680 260 3.24 80247 22 1.19 1.56

Service Case 1 760 290 3.68 78804 22 1.19 1.56

Strength (I) 1 851 320 4.24 75472 22 1.19 1.56
05-F2 Strength (III) 1 677 260 3.24 80247 22 1.19 1.56

Service Case 1 703 270 3.38 79882 21 1.19 1.56

Strength (I) 1 572 220 2.7 81481 21 1.19 1.56
06-F2 Strength (III) 1 467 180 2.19 82192 21 1.19 1.56

Service Case 1 337 130 1.58 82278 21.5 1.16 1.47

07-F2 Strength (I) 1 234 90 1.1 81818 21.5 1.16 1.47
Strength (III) 1 468 180 2.2 81818 21.5 1.16 1.47

Service Case 1 285 110 1.34 82090 21 1.16 1.47

Strength (I) 1 182 70 0.85 82353 21 1.16 1.47
08-F2 Strength (III) 1 441 170 2.07 82126 21 1.16 1.47

Service Case 1 1146 410 6.17 66451 19 1.1 1.28
Strength (III) 1 1355 470 7.61 61761 19 1.1 1.28
Service Case 1 820 310 4 77500 23 1.06 1.25

Strength (I) 1 1090 390 5.8 67241 23 1.06 1.16
01-F3 Strength (III) 1 650 250 3.1 80645 23 1.06 1.16

Service Case 1 470 180 2.2 81818 22.5 1.06 1

Strength (I) 1 550 210 2.5 84000 22.5 1.06 1.5
02-F3 Strength (III) 1 495 190 2.3 82609 22.5 1.06 1.5
Extreme longitudinal 1 2595 800 17 47059 22.5 1.06 1.17
Service Case 1 210 80 0.9 88889 21.5 1.06 1

Strength (I) 1 315 120 1.5 80000 21.5 1.06 1
03-F3 Strength (III) 1 285 110 1.3 84615 21.5 1.06 1

Service Case 1 910 340 4.6 73913 17 1.13 1.2
Strength (III) 1 1075 390 5.7 68421 17 1.13 1.33
Service Case 1 340 130 1.5 86667 21 1.06 1

Strength (I) 1 415 160 1.9 84211 21 1.06 1
01-F4 Strength (III) 1 440 170 2.1 80952 21 1.06 1


Service Case 1 575 220 2.7 81481 21.5 1.06 1.5

Strength (I) 1 760 290 3.7 78378 21.5 1.06 1
02-F4 Strength (III) 1 340 130 1.6 81250 21.5 1.06 1

Service Case 1 1110 400 5.9 67797 17.5 1.13 1.33
Abutment- F4 Strength (I) 1 1820 600 10.9 55046 17.5 1.13 1.36
Strength (III) 1 1351 470 7.6 61842 17.5 1.13 1.36

D18077-0100D - Design Calculation Sheet

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Design calculation sheet

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 1 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

Figure 1: Subsurface Stratigraphy

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 1/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 2 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

Table 1: Design parameters

qu, Avg. Resistance

2. Codes and Standards:

3. Axial compression resistance of Piled foundation:

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 2/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 3 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

Figure 2: Idealized geomaterial layering for computation of compression resistance.

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 3/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 4 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

The factored resistance of drilled shafts,

Rs is the Nominal pile shaft side resistance

Table 2:Resistance factors for Geotechnical Resistance of Drilled shafts

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 4/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 5 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

4.1 Side Resistance

Side Resistance in cohesion less soil (Sand):

’v = vertical effective stress at soil layer mid-depth = 8 x 9 x 0.5 = 36 kN/m2

qs = 36 x 0.9479 = 34.12 kPa

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 5/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 6 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

Bentonite correction factor = 0.75

qs = 0.75 x 34.12 = 25.59 kPa

Factored side resistance = 0.5 x 25.59 = 12.79 kPa

Skin friction capacity in cohesion less soil= 12.79 x  x 1 x 9 = 361.62 kN

Side resistance in calcareous Sandstone:

Figure 3: Factor a for IGM’s (O’Neill et al., 1996)

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 6/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 7 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

The normal effective pressure is computed using the following equation;

Figure 4: Factors M vs concrete slump (O’Neill et al., 1996)

= 0.7827 x 14 x 11.5= 126.01 kPa.

The Corresponding  factor is 0.0845

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 7/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 8 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

And the Nominal Side resistance, fa = 0.0845 * 4000 = 338.25 kPa.

Table 4:faa/fa Based on Em/Ei (O’Neill et al, 1996)

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 8/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 9 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

Side resistance in Conglomerate:

Table 5: Estimation of Em based on RQD (after O’Neill and Reese, 1999)

Table 6: Estimation of E (O’Neill and Reese, 1999)

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 9/35

Project no.: D18077-0100D Date: 29/11/2018 Sheet no.: 10 of 35 Computed by: AS

Pile Design Calculation- AASHTO LRFD Method Approved by: RE

9.665 ksf = 462.77 kPa.

4.2 Tip Resistance

Tip Resistance in Conglomerate:

qp= 373.60 kPa

PRC-EN-04 (F1) Rev 2 page 10/35