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“Housing” in the modern concept includes not only the “physical structure” for
providing protection and shelter but also includes the immediate surrounding and
related community services and facilities. Residence is constructed for family life
where a person gets physical and mental peace. World health organization (WHO)
refers the term “Residential environment” where family can develop and flourish
physically, mentally and socially and it includes all necessary services, facilities
and equipment and devices needed for physical and mental health and social
well-being.
b) Psychological Needs
Privacy
Family and community cleanliness.
Helps in promoting social relationship and community development.
Aesthetic satisfaction.
Social goals of Housing
Shelter
Family life
Access to community facilities.
Family participation in community life
Economic stability.
Housing Standards
Site
It should be good, elevated from surroundings, away from industrial areas
and traffic noise.
Independent access to streets, away from breeding places of mosquitoes.
Set Back
For proper lightening and ventilation, there should be an open space all
around the house, this is called set back
In rural area----------1/3rd should be built.
In urban Areas-------2/3rd should be built.
Floor
Impermeable
Smooth and free from cracks and crevices.
Walls
Walls should be reasonably weather resistant, smooth and plastered. 9 inch bricks
should use.
Roof
Roof should be at least 10 feet high, no cracks for rodents.
Rooms Requirements
For two persons------1 room
For three persons-----2 rooms
For 5 persons------------3 rooms
For 7 persons--------4 rooms
For10 persons--------5 rooms.
Floor Area
For 1 person-------100 sq. ft.
More than one person----120 sq. ft.
Kitchen
House must have a separate kitchen with proper drainage system, good
water supply, impervious floor, proper ventilation and outlet for smoke.
Other Requirements
Bathroom privacy
Refuse removal
Floor space: 120 sq. ft. for 2 persons.
A safe and adequate water supply at all Every times.
Overcrowding
It refers to a situation in which more people are living within a single
dwelling than there is a space for, so that movement is restricted, privacy
secluded, hygiene impossible and rest and sleep difficult.
Effects of Overcrowding
Spread of infectious diseases.
Noise
Noise is defined as wrong sound in wrong place and at wrong times.
Noise is created when an object vibrates
Air is compressed and expanded forming waves
These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions
Noise waves have frequency and amplitude
Excessive noise can be damaging
Soil
It is the upper layer of earth's crust. It is derived from the disintegration of
rocks and decay of animals and plants of all kinds.
Classification
1. Sand
2. Gravel
3. Clay
4. Humus
5. Made soil
Or