WASTEWATER TREATMENT DESIGN FOR IQALUIT

Introduction
This report provided an evaluation of wastewater treatment plant what would serve
Iqaluit. Various contaminants were identified and the process which those
contaminants were removed from the system before it is discharged to the
environment. Assumption have been made in order to meet with Canadian
wastewater systems effluent regulations, that require that all effluent capabilities of
100m3/day or greater must comply with discharge quality objectives of 25mg/l for
five day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended soils (TSS).

Wastewater Design Parameters

The wastewater design parameters used in this analysis are detailed in the following
sections of this report
Estimated population for 2050
The total population expected to be served by the wastewater treatment plant in
Iqaluit is 15300 people based on the projected population calculated as follows:
- Population growth rate between 2011-2106= 0.02
- Population estimation for the year 2016 = 7.740 people
- Population estimation for the year 2050 used the following formula:
P = p x e^rxt
P = 7.740 X e^(34x0.02) = 15300 people.
Based on the population of 15300 people and according to water used per person
per day in Canada = 329 l/ day, that makes a total of = 5033700 litres per day and
that is equivalent to 5033 m3/day, total water consumed per person per day in
Canada.
Sewage conversion factor is 0.85, which is calculated based on the water losses
through evaporation, seepage or leakage through channel until it reached the water
treatment plant.
0.85 x 5033 = 4278 m3/day amount of sewage expected
Due to peak demands partial factor of 1.6 will be used for the design.
Total design capacity = 1.6 x 4278 = 6845 m3/day. PHF = 285 m3/hour
BOD and TSS recording data from sewage
BOD and TSS different concentrations values were reported for the influent as
indicated below.
BOD5 (mg/l) TSS (MG/l)
Sample 1 893 305
Sample 2 562 485
Sample 3 436 273
Sample 4 536 455
Sample 5 521 809
Sample mean 589.6 465.4
Standard deviation 176.1 212.9

In order to calculate the average minitab18 was used and applied the confidence
interval 95 which is a type of interval estimate. See below for results.

Descriptive Statistics - BOD

N Mean SE Mean 95% CI for μ

5 589.6 78.8 (435.2, 744.0)

μ: mean of Sample
Known standard deviation = 176.1

Descriptive Statistics - TSS

N Mean SE Mean 95% CI for μ

5 465.4 95.2 (278.8, 652.0)

μ: mean of Sample
Known standard deviation = 212.9

Influent Characteristics

Characteristic Units (concentration) Design influent

concentration
Biochemical Oxygen Mg/l 744
Demand
Total Suspended Soils Mg/l 652
Flow rate M3/day 6845

Conversion Concentration Flow rate Mass (kg/day)

(Concentration x Q (mg/m3) (m3/day)
rate)
BOD 0.744 6845 5093
TSS 0.652 6845 4463
Preliminary treatment design
Screening
Screening is essential phase during water treatment. It is used for removal of any
kind of floating materials such as sachets, plastic, fibres and so on. It is assumed
that 10% approximately will be deducted from TSS during the process. Water flows
into this chamber at a rate of 285m3/hour and water moves at 1.2 m/s.

Flow input = 6845 m3/day Flow output = 6845 m3/day

BOD input = 5093 kg/day BOD output = 5093 kg/day
TSS input = 4463 kg/day TSS output (10% deducted) = 4017 kg/day

Grit removal
Grit removal is necessary to protect the moving mechanical equipment and pump
elements from abrasion and accompanying abnormal wear and tear.  Removal of
grit also reduces the frequency of cleaning of digesters and settling tanks. (Dr.
E.Venkata, 2013).
Water moves at 0.6 m/s to help materials to settle. It is estimated that BOD and TSS
will be deducted by 5% and 10% respectively.

Flow input = 6845 m3/day Flow output = 6845 m3/day

BOD input = 5093 kg/day BOD output (5% deducted) = 4838 kg/day
TSS input = 4017 kg/day TSS output (10% deducted) = 3615 kg/day
Detention period = 120 sec.
Volume (within grit removal)=Flow rate x detention = 0.0792 m3/s x 120 sec= 9.5 m3

Primary Sedimentation
The primary clarifier is located after screens and grit chambers and reduces the
organic load on secondary treatment units. (Dr. E.Venkata, 2013).
The primary sedimentation phase reduced BOD and TSS by 40% and 65%
respectively. Flow rate also reduced by 4% that goes to sludge. Water is retained for
2 hours in the primary sedimentation phase.

Flow input = 6845 m3/day Flow output = 6572 m3/day

Reaction in Flow = 274 m3/day = 0.0031 m3/s

BOD input = 4838 kg/day BOD output (40% deducted) = 2903 kg/day
Reaction in BOD = 1935 kg/day

TSS input = 3615 kg/day TSS output (65% deducted) = 1265 kg/day
Reaction in TSS = 2350 kg/day

Detention period = 7200 sec.

Volume = Flow rate x detention = 0.079 x 7200 = 569 m3

Trickling Filter
‘Rotary distributors are very reliable and easy to maintain. A clearance is needed
between the bottom of the distributor arm and the top of the medium bed to allow the
wastewater from the nozzles to spread out and cover the bed uniformly’ (EPA,
2000) This technology has been adapted and that will help to prevent ice from
accumulating during the freezing weather in Iqaluit during the long winter period.

Flow input = 6572 m3/day Flow output = 6572 m3/day

BOD input = 2903 kg/day BOD output (70% deducted) = 871 kg/day
Reaction in BOD = 2032 kg/day

TSS input = 1265 kg/day TSS output (60% deducted) = 506 kg/day
Reaction in TSS = 759 kg/day

Detention period = 129600 sec.

Volume = Flow rate x detention = 0.076 x 129600 = 9850 m3
Secondary Sedimentation
The main objective of secondary treatment is the further treatment of the effluent
from primary treatment to remove the residual organics and suspended solids.

Flow input = 6572 m3/day Flow output = 6572 m3/day

BOD input = 871 kg/day BOD output (97% deducted) = 25 kg/day – discharged to
the environment
TSS input = 506 kg/day TSS output (95% deducted) = 25 kg/day

Detention period = 7200 sec.

Volume = Flow rate x detention = 0.076 x 7200 = 547 m3

References
Metcalf & Edy, INC (2012), Wastewater engineering, treatment disposal and reuse,
4rd Edn. McGraw-Hill, Inc
Dr. E.Venkata (2006), Design of Treatment Sewage Plants, Available at:
https://aphrdi.ap.gov.in/documents/Trainings@APHRDI/AEEs/Srikalahasthi/presenta
tions/VII%20Week/Design%20of%20%20Sewage%20Treatment%20Plants.pdf

Jweel 88 (2018), Canadians Rank 2nd Behind U.S In Per Capita Water
Consumption. Available at: https://885thejewel.com/2018/03/14/canadians-rank-2nd-
behind-u-s-per-capita-water-consumption-much-use-read/
Appendix – Mass balance Model

Preliminary treatment design Primary sedimentation

Screens Grit removal

Sludge Chamber + Digesters

Q: 6845 m3/day Q: 6845 m3/day Q= 6845 m3/day

Mbod = 5093 kg/day Mbod = 5093 kg/day Mbod= 4838 kg/day

Mtss = 4463 kg/day Mtss = 4017 kg/day Mtss = 3615 kg/day

Sewage v= 569m3

t= 7200

V = 9.5 m3

t=120 sec Q= 274 m3/day

Mbod= 1925 kg/day

Mtss = 2350 kg/day

Tricking filter Secondary sedimentation

Q= 6572 m3/day Q = 6572 m3/day Qout= 6572 m3/day

Mbod = 2903 kg/day Mbod = 871 kg/day Mbod/out=25kg/day

Mtss = 1265 kg/day Mtss = 506 kg/day Mtss/out= 25kg/day

V= 9850 m3 v = 547 m3

t= 129600 sec t= 7200 sec