Architectural Drawing

and Graphics I
ADG I| 1201505

Building Components and Materials:

Annotations and Conventions
Unit 2: Graphic language and
its Components

Architectural annotations and conventions

for representation of various;
 Building Materials and
 Building Components
Structure of the Presentation..
 Definition: Annotations & Conventions

 Aim/Goal of the Presentation

 Building Types: As per Uses and type of

Construction

 Components of a common Building: Detailed

description of each component

 Material Conventions for depiction

 Plan, Elevation, Section in a drawing.

Language/Communication
Annotations: Notation,
Notes, comment,
explanation,
presentational markup.
 A comment or
instruction
 metadata attached to
text, image, or other
data.
Often annotations refer
to a specific part of
the original data
Architectural Communication
Conventions: Patterns
or Rules- Punctuation,
Grammar, Usage,
Formatting..
 A way in which
something is usually
done.
 An Agreement
AIM /Goal
To realize the Architectural Standards for
denoting a perfect and complete drawing..

Types of Architectural Drawings:

 Illustration of an Idea
 Presentation Drawing
 Working Drawing
 Corporation Drawing (for Sanctioning)
Building Types/Uses
As per National Building Code,
major building uses;
 Residential Building
 Educational Building
 Assembly Building
 Institutional Building
 Industrial Building
 Commercial Building
 Storage Building
 Infrastructure
As per Construction type /
materials, major building types;
 Solid or ‘traditional’
construction
 Structural steel frame
construction
 Reinforced concrete
construction
 Modular system construction
 Portal frame construction
 Composite construction
Components of a Building...
Common Building Materials: Brick, Block, Stone, Concrete,
Timber, Metal..
Other materials: Fibre, Plaster, Asbestos, Plywood, Block, Plastic..
Components of a Building...

A Building can be broadly divided into two parts;

 Sub-structure (portion below ground, transmit load to ground)
 Super-structure (portion above Plinth level)

Building components can be summarized as;

• Foundations • Stairs & Lifts

• Plinth • Roof
• Walls • Lintels and Arches
• Columns & Beams • Building Finishes (Plastering, Pointing)
• Floors • Building Services (Plumbing, Electrical,
• Doors & Windows (Openings) Water Supply, Sewerage, Utility..)
1.Foundation
Excavation, Foundation, Footing, Plinth, Column..

Section of a Foundation Foundation Types: Shallow and Deep.

 2. Plinth
 Dividing line between substructure
and superstructure.
 Lowest part of Superstructure, above
ground level.
 30-75cm in height depending upon
the locality/soil type.
 DPC provided at plinth level to
prevent moisture from rising to the
walls of building.
3. Walls
 A masonry structure provided
above the Plinth.
 Two types: Load Bearing,
Non-load bearing (Framed
structure).
 Provided to enclose or divide
the floor space in a pattern
and provide privacy, security
& protection.

Column Beam Structure Load Bearing Brick Wall

4. Columns and Beams
 A masonry structure provided
above the Plinth.
 Two types: Load Bearing,
Non-load bearing (Framed
structure). RCC Column
 Provided to enclose or divide
the floor space in a pattern
and provide privacy, security
& protection.

Wood Column

RCC Beam Structure

 5. Floors
 Flat
supported
elements,
dividing a
building
into
different
levels.
 6. Openings: Doors
 A door may be defined as a barrier secured in an opening left in a
wall to provide usual means to access to a building room or passage.
7. Openings: Windows
 A window may be defined as an opening left in the
wall for the purpose of providing daylight, ventilation
and vision.

Window Types
 8. Lintels & Arches
 Its over Doors and Windows in
walls facility at safe transfer of
loads to its supports.
9. Stairs & Lifts
 A Stair may be
defined as a
structure
comprising of a
number of steps
connecting one
floor to another.
10. Roof
 It is an uppermost component of a building and its
main function is to cover the space below and
provide protection from sun, rain, snow, wind, etc.
11. Building Finishes
 A Building is considered incomplete till such time the
surface of its component is given appropriate
treatment. It includes items like plastering, colour
washing, pointing, painting, etc.
12. Building Services
 It includes services like water supply, drainage,
sanitation, lighting, electricity, acoustics, heating,
ventilation, Fire control, etc.
Material Indication..
Material Indication..
Material Indication..
Material Indication..
Material Indication..
Material Indication..
Material Indication..
Plumbing Fixtures
Two Storied Frame Structure..

Ground Floor Plan First Floor Plan

Two Storied Frame Structure..
Questions? Thank you for Listening…