Pipe Fittings

Elbows, Tees, Bushings, Plugs, Nuts, Crosses

and Male and Female Connectors

Group 4
Tashique Gibson, Michanie Blake , Antonique
Headman and Taneisha Cox
Pipe Elbow
An elbow is the pipe fitting used to connect
two lengths of pipes to change the
direction of flow within the pipes.

Functions
- changes pressure in piping system (a loss)
- changes fluid flow direction to a certain
direction of 45 to 90 degrees
- connects pipes with same or nominal
diameters
Pipe Elbow
Types and Classifications
- Direction Angle:
Common: 90, 45, 180 degree angles
Special: 60, 120 degree angles

- Length and Radius:

Center to Face: distance equivalent
to the radius through which the elbow is
bent.
Short Radius Elbow (SR elbow):
radius is the same as pipe diameter for low
pressure and low speed pipelines or in tight
areas.
Long Radius Elbow (LR Elbow): radius
is larger than pipe diameter for high
pressure and high flow rate pipelines.
 Pipe Elbow
Types and Classifications
- Connection with Pipes:
Butt weld elbow: directly weld the
elbow and steel pipe for elbow with higher
pressure and temperature.
Socket Welded Elbow: welded to the
pipe and fittings end.
Threaded Elbow: easier to install and
remove, good for pipeline repair and
maintenance

- Material of Construction:
Stainless Steel
Alloy Steel
Nickel Steel
Pipe Tees
Pipe tees is a type of pipe fitting which is
T-shaped and have two outlets at a 90o
angle to connect to the main line. It is a
short piece of pipe with a lateral output.
Pipe tees are extensively used in pipeline
networks to transport two-phase fluid
mixtures.
Pipe Tees
Types of Pipes Tees
Cross pipe tee
Wing pipe tee
Compression pipe tee
Test pipe tee

Applications
Petroleum
Waste Treatment
Automotive Industry
Chemical Processing
Pipe Tees
Pipe tee are considered based on:
Type (Welded or Seamless)
Durability
Wall Thickness
High pressure Resistance
Temperature Resistance
Corrosion Resistance
Size and Dimension
 Pipe Bushing
Pipe bushings are pneumatic components
that have internal and external threaded
endings. They are typically used to connect
pipes of differing diameters. Pipe bushings
are available in materials such as brass,
bronze, steel, stainless steel and plastic.

Types: Threaded bushings, Reducer

bushings
 Pipe Plugs
A plug fits inside the pipe segment or
fitting so we can classify this as a male
connector. They often act as end
connectors that are easy to source and
inexpensive.

Materials typically used include: steel,

copper, brass, plastic, PVC or aluminum.

Application: hydraulic system, air brake

fittings, gas fittings, refrigerant fittings.

Types: hex, hollow and square plugs

 Nuts
The nut is a mechanical part that connects
mechanical equipment. Nuts can be
connected using the inner thread to a bolt
of the same specification.
Common Types of
Nuts
 Cross Pipe Fittings
A cross is a four way fitting that can have 3
outlets and one inlet or one inlet and three
outlets. It is a female fitting. There are
equal crosses or reducing crosses. A
disadvantage is that due to it's four way
nature, temperature changes can cause
stress to pipe systems.
 Male and Female
Connectors
Male is designated M and female is
designated F. The F connector has the
thread on the outside while the F has an
inner thread. The M and fit into the F
providing that they are of corresponding
sizes.