Description Indication and Client Preparation and Normal Values Actual Clinical Interpretation

Contraindication Post-Procedure Result

Instructions

A sputum culture is INDICATION: Client Preparation: >Negative Presence of blood

a test to detect and • Chronic respiratory • Drinking a lot of • Normal and the yellow or
identify bacteria or infections water and other Range: brown colour of the
fungi (plural of • Isolate and identify fluids the night Normal sputum indicates
fungus) that are potentailly pathogenic before the test upper positive test.
infecting the lungs organisms present in the may help to get respiratory
or breathing lower respiratory tract, the sample. flora,
passages. Sputum is identify isolates responsible • a. Use sterile Tracheal
a thick fluid for pneumonia, bronichitis, container aspirate and
produced in the bronchiectasis. Presence or b. Collect bronchscopy
lungs and in the absence of normal upper specimen before the specimen
airways leading to respiratory flora is often first dose of should not
the lungs. reported. antibiotic have any
• Instruct the client growth.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: to take a very
• As hypertonic saline causes deep breath and
bronchoconstriction, the hold the air for 5
procedure should only be seconds. Slowly
performed after pre-medication breathe out. Take
with salbutamol and under another deep
medical supervision in patients breath and cough
with asthma, suspected asthma, hard until some
or severely impaired lung sputum comes up
function (FEV1< 1 litre). into the mouth.
• As the procedure causes
severe coughing the
procedure should not be
performed in patients in Post- procedure:
whom severe coughing may • Dispose the
be harmful. This may include equipment
patients with: haemoptysis properly seal the
of unknown origin container in a
acute respiratory distress leak proof bag
unstable cardiovascular status, before sending it
(arrhythmias, angina) to the laboratory.
thoracic, pneumothorax
pulmonary emboli fractured ribs
or other chest trauma
recent eye surgery
 Description Indication and Client Preparation and Normal Values Actual Clinical Interpretation
Contraindication Post-Procedure Result
Instructions

A chest x ray is a INDICATION: Client Preparation: • Lung 1. A = Airway: are the

painless, noninvasive • Patients who present with • Generally, no prior Fields: trachea and mainstem
test that creates traumatic injuries have a preparation, such as Usually bronchi patent; is the
pictures of the pneumothorax ( air in the fasting or sedation, not visible trachea midline?
structures inside your lungs) and this is an is required. throughout 2. B = Bones: are the
chest, such as your important indication for a except for clavicles, ribs, and
heart, lungs, and blood chest x-ray. Post-procedure: the blood sternum present and
vessels. "Noninvasive" • Patients underwent a cardiac • Generally, there is vessels are there fractures?
means that no surgery bypass will generally have no special type of -densities 3. C = Cardiac
is done and no chest x-ray done daily. care after a chest x- on the silhouette: is the
instruments are • Patients who have lines ray. However, your lower lung diameter of the heart
inserted into your inserted and are incubated physician may give > ½ thoracic diameter
body. will need a chest x-ray . you additional or (enlarged)?
alternate 4. D = Diaphragm:
This test is done to instructions after are the costophrenic
find the cause of CONTRAINDICATIONS: the procedure, and costocardiac
symptoms such as • Pregnant women, particularly depending on your margins sharp? is one
shortness of breath, those in the first or second particular situation. hemidiaphragm
chest pain, chronic trimester, should not have enlarged over
cough (a cough that chest x rays unless absolutely another? is free air
lasts a long time), and necessary present beneath the
fever. diaphragm?
5. E = Effusion/empty
space: is either
present?
6. F = Fields (lungs):
are there infiltrates,
increased interstitial
markings, masses, air
bronchograms,
increased vascularity,
or silhouette signs?
7. G = Gastric bubble:
is it present and on
the correct (left) side?
8. H = Hilar region: is
there increased hilar
lymphadenopathy?
9. I = Inspiration: did
the patient inspire
well enough for 10
ribs to be counted, or
was the patient
rotated?