JENNY ROSE P.

CORNEJO BCE 211F - 9506

Let’s Check

Surveying Methods: Research more on the different surveying methods

discussed above, provide pictures and situation in which it is applicable. Affix your
signature at the end of your submittal.

1. CONTROL SURVEY is a method of survey in which

additional surveys
are adjusted to
the horizontal and
vertical position of
the dots. This
precise position of points is transformed
into a network of markers and serves as the coordinating basis for subordinate
surveys. Examples of survey projects using control are Plantsite Control,
Deformation Monitoring, Aerial, Topographic, Mapping or any other survey
requiring the establishment of a set of control points to be used on a continuous
basis for additional surveys.

2. BOUNDARY SURVEY is a process to

determine the property lines and to define the
real property corners of the parcel of land
described in
the act. It also
indicates the
extent of any intrusion or intrusion and may
show the limitations imposed on the property
by state or local regulations. In other words, a
boundary survey is a method used for surveying the boundary of a particular
property. In this type of survey, the surveyor will either set or retrieve property
corners and produce a detailed plate or map. It focuses mainly on defining the
corners of a parcel of land. People generally commission boundary surveys
 before buying, dividing, improving, or constructing land.

3. TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY locates all the

surface features of the property and depicts
all its natural features and elevations.
Essentially, it is a 3-dimensional map of a 3-
dimensional property showing all natural
and man-made features and improvements.
In particular, it shows their location, size,
height and any changes in elevation. The
aim of a topographic survey is to gather spatial
information on the natural or man-made
features of the site. This can often be related
to the National Ordnance Survey Grid and
Data Information and is reviewed by point. It is
generally accepted that the points are
positioned in three dimensions, which facilitate
ground modeling and visualizations to be produced from the topographic
survey. It is generally accepted that the points are positioned in three
dimensions, which facilitate ground modeling and visualizations to be produced
from the topographic survey.

4. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY is the science of

measurement and description of features
affecting marine navigation, marine construction,
dredging, offshore oil exploration/offshore oil
drilling and related activities. One of the main
purposes for which hydrographic surveys have been carried out is navigation.
Like, for example, when boats or fishing
boats are out on the water, they use
hydrographs to determine whether the area
is safe to enter, either in advance or while
on the water. As a result, they will be
guided and ensured that the body of water
 they navigate is correct and safe. They can study the earthquake, the habitat of
marine creatures, and evaluate the ecosystem. Science of measurement and
description of features affecting marine navigation, marine construction,
dredging, offshore oil exploration/offshore oil drilling and related activities. One
of the main purposes for which hydrographic surveys have been carried out is
navigation. Like, for example, when boats or fishing boats are out on the water,
they use hydrographs to determine whether the area is safe to enter, either in
advance or while on the water. As a result, they will be guided and ensured that
the body of water they navigate is correct and safe. They can study the
earthquake, the habitat of marine creatures, and evaluate the ecosystem.

5. MINE SURVEYING it's a branch of mining

science and technology. It includes all
measurements, calculations and mapping for
the purpose of
identifying and
documenting information at all stages from
prospecting to exploitation and the use of mineral
deposits by surface and underground operation. Mine
surveying is also the practice of determining the
relative position of the points on or below the surface of the earth by means of
direct or indirect distance, direction and elevation measurements.

6. An ASTRONOMICAL SURVEY this is a general

map or image of a region of the sky that lacks a
specific observational target. Alternatively, an
astronomical survey
may consist of a set of
many images or spectra
of objects that share a common type or feature.
Astronomical surveys are conducted to determine
the absolute location or position and direction of any
line on the surface of the Earth, as well as the absolute location of any point of
the heavenly bodies, such as the Moon, the Sun, the Star, and the planets. This
 is a general map or image of a region of the sky that lacks a specific
observational target. Alternatively, an astronomical survey may consist of a set
of many images or spectra of objects that share a common type or feature.
Astronomical surveys are conducted to determine the absolute location or
position and direction of any line on the surface of the Earth, as well as the
absolute location of any point of the heavenly bodies, such as the Moon, the
Sun, the Star, and the planets.

7. A ROUTE SURVEY is defined as being the

required service and product that adequately
locates the planned path of a linear project or
right of way which crosses a prescribed area of
real estate, extending from at least one known
point and turning or terminating at another known point. A survey of the earth’s
surface along a particular route in the compilation and updating of topographical,
geological, soil, and other maps and the correlation of selected contours and
objects with geodetic reference points or
landmarks during linear surveys, and also in
the study of the dynamics of natural and
socioeconomic phenomena in a narrow strip of
terrain. In a route survey, representations of the
actual course of the survey and of the plane
horizontal features (including the terrain, if necessary) on both sides of it within
the limits of direct visibility are plotted on a map board using methods of
instrument surveying or exploratory surveying.

8. The PHOTOGRAMMETRY SURVEY is a

survey and mapping technique with a
number of applications. The practice of
photogrammetry applications in surveying
includes site planning, topographic
mapping, estimation of the amount of
earthwork on proposed roads, collection of
digital elevation models (DEM) and image-based mapping (orthophotography).
 Reliable information on the physical object and the environment is gathered in
this survey method. A process in which terrestrial and aerial photographs have
been used for data collection, which includes
measurements and assessments of the said area.
Reliable measurements that require specific skills,
techniques and decisions taken by an individual are
obtained. Photogrammetry is a science and
technology, because it uses images and transforms
them into significant results through technology.
Modern photogrammetry involves image references
and image forms that are different from photographs, such as radar images.

9. CONSTRUCTION SURVEYS its

reference points and markers to guide the
construction of new structures, such as
roads or buildings, are to be identified.
These markers are usually staked
according to the appropriate coordinate system
chosen for the project. Survey provides
essential information for the planning and
design of construction projects. Specifically, it
provides information on markers and reference
points to guide the construction of new buildings
(this may also include the restoration and renovation of buildings).

10. The CITY SURVEY is made in

connection with the construction of
streets, water supply and sewage lines
fall within this category.
11. FORESTRY SURVEY is a complex of tasks
involving the division of the forest into
homogeneous areas and the description of
the areas. The tasks performed include a
survey of the
boundaries
of the forest area, a division of the area into
compartments and a survey of the compartment
grid, the establishment of compartment valuation
plots and the compilation of the valuation
description, charts and maps of the stands. The
description of the valuation sets out the area and
industrial characteristics of each section of the
stands, including the origin, composition, shape, age, density, volume and
marketability index (commercial assessment) of the stands, as well as the
average height and diameter of the trees, the type of forest and the presence of
seedlings and brushwood. The possibility of reforestation shall be determined in
the description of unforested cutting areas, vacant land and clearings. Forest
surveys are preceded by topographical work, which is mainly carried out by
aerial photography.

12. INDUSTRIAL SURVEY It is a method of

surveying carried out in different industries. It
could involve the oil and gas industry, mechanics,
process industries, power plants, etc. For
example, occasional
downshifts in
factories require rapid measurements of the plant
and equipment to ensure that everything is properly
aligned and that any adjustments are required.
Another example is that rolling mills require periodic checks to ensure that rollers
are truly parallel and horizontal, to ensure that products such as steel, paper,
plastic, etc. do not crack or run off the edge of rollers.
13. CADASTRAL SURVEYING it is a sub-field of
cadastre and surveying that specializes in the
establishment and re-establishment of real
property boundaries. It therefore plays an
important part in the legal creation of
properties. Cadastral surveys are generally
carried out to subdivide the land into parcels
for ownership under the land title and to re-
establish the boundaries of the properties
previously surveyed in order to determine the
physical size of the property or to facilitate
the transfer of the property title.
JENNY ROSE P. CORNEJO BCE 211F - 9506

Let’s Analyze

Activity A: Find the number of significant figures

1. 10.258 -5
2. 0.00000078 - 2
3. 500 -1
4. 89.5870000 - 9
5.0.00860 -3

Activity B: Solve the following problems

1. A distance was measured and as recorded to have a value equivalent to 10

perches, 5 rods, and 50 varas. Compute the total distance in feet.
2. A line was measured with 20-m tape. There was 3 tallies and 6 pins, and the
distance from the last pin and the end of the line was 3.75m. Find the length of
the line in meters.
JENNY ROSE P. CORNEJO BCE 211F - 9506

In a Nutshell

Introduction to Surveying: Read and understand each statement carefully.

Choose the best answer that corresponds to the statement.

1. Surveying is defined as the art and science of determining angular and linear
measurements to establish the form, extent, science of deter and relative
position of points, lines, and establish the areas on or near the surface of the
earth or on other extraterrestrial bodies through
A. pure mathematics and the social sciences
B. applied mathematics and the use of specialized equipment and
techniques
C. field observations and measurements
D. cartographic, geodetic, and photogrammetric methods
E. principles of algebra and geometry

2. Plane surveying is that type of surveying in which the earth is considered to

be a flat surface. Distances and areas involved are of limited extent and the
A. approximate shape of the earth is considered
B. theoretical shape of the geoid is evaluated
C. exact shape of the earth Is disregarded
D. spheroidal shape of the earth is considered
E. shape of the earth is considered a geoid

3. A type of survey which is of wide extent and takes into account the
spheroidal shape of the earth is known as
A. geodetic surveying
B. plane surveying
C. geoid surveying
D. earth surveying
E. terrestrial surveying
4. A photogrammetric survey makes use of photographs taken with specially
designed cameras either from
A. a ship or an elevated ground station
B. the ground surface or underwater
C. a field or a laboratory environment
D. a map or a scaled drawing
E. airplanes or ground stations

5. The international System of Units or SI was promulgated by the International

Bureau of weights and Measures in
A. 1960
B. 1978
C. 1983
D. 1875
E. 1799

6. Give the importance of a survey party. Is there really a need to have a

complete party in all surveying activities? Explain
It is very important to have a full survey party in all survey
activities because it maximizes their performance as a team. Each
participant has an important role to play, which contributes a great deal
to the success of the survey. The head of the survey party directs all the
other participants and ensures that the goals are met. As the leader has
his or her own job, the participant must also actively participate and
carry out the tasks assigned to each of them, such as ensuring that the
measurements obtained are correct, researching vital details, preparing
maps and presenting results to the appropriate groups or individuals. In
this way, the survey can be carried out in a shorter time and, at the
same time; the final result has not been compromised.