General gas law

A. physical quantities of a gas

 gas pressure
 pressure is the normal reaction force acting on a unit area

𝐹
𝑃=
𝐴
 P unit: Pa (pascal) = N 𝑚−2

 density of a gas
 density ρ of a gas is found by

𝑀
𝜌=
𝑉
 M = gas mass
 V = vol. occupied by gas

B. Pressure& vol. relation of a gas

 boyle law
 the pressure P of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its volume V at
constant temp

𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

 flow of gas between two connected vessels

 assume the temperature remains unchanged, final pressure P of the gas at the two
vessels must be the same

𝑃1 𝑉1 + 𝑃2 𝑉2 = 𝑃 (𝑉1 + 𝑉2 )

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C. Pressure& temp relation of a gas
 pressure temp relation
 the pressure P if a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temp T at
constant vol.

𝑃1 𝑃2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2

𝑃1 𝑃2
=
𝜃1 +273 𝜃2 +273

 absolute temp
 relation of the Kelvin temp T and the Celsius temp θ

𝑇 = 𝜃 + 273

D. Vol and temp relation of a gas

 vol temp relation
 the vol V of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temp T at
constant pressure

𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝑇1 𝑇2

𝑉1 𝑉2
=
𝜃1 +273 𝜃2 +273

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E. The general gas law
 general gas law for a fixed mass of gas

𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑃2 𝑉2
=
𝜃1 +273 𝜃2 +273

 general gas law for any amount of gas

 the general gas law for n mole of gas

𝑃𝑉 =𝑛𝑅𝑇
 R = molar gas constant / universal gas constant

 number of mole
 equation for the number of moles of the gas

𝑁
𝑛=
𝑁𝐴
 N = number of gas molecule
 𝑁𝐴 = Avogadro constant

M
𝑛=
ℳ
 M = total mass of the gas molecules
 ℳ = mass of 1 mole of gas molecule = molar mass (in kg)

 equation for the mass of each molecule of the gas (molecular mass)

M
𝑚=
𝑁
 m = mass of 1 gas molecule = molecular mass

ℳ
𝑚=
𝑁𝐴

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 pumping air into a gas vessel
 relation between the pressure and the vol (boyle law) for constant mass of gas

𝑃1 (𝑉0 + 𝑉) = 𝑃2 𝑉0

 relation between the pressure and the number of mole for constant V and T

𝑃1 𝑛1
=
𝑃2 𝑛2