Hour 6th and 7th

Special features required for physically handicapped and elderly in building types: 6th hour
Physically challenged (Disabled or Handicapped):
• Disability (or lack of a given ability, as the "dis" qualifier denotes) in humans
may be physical, cognitive/mental, sensory, emotional, developmental or
some combination of these.
• Problem in body function or structure;

• An activity limitation
• Participation restriction (Sports)
Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between

features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he or she
lives."
Building Services - III

An individual may also qualify as disabled if he/she has had an impairment

in the past or is seen as disabled based on a personal or group standard or
norm.
Such impairments may include physical, sensory, and cognitive or

developmental disabilities.
Mental disorders and various types of chronic disease (long lasting illness)
may also qualify as disabilities.
Some advocates object to describing certain conditions (notably deafness )

as "disabilities“.

The goal of barrier free design is to provide

•An environment that supports the independent functioning of individuals so
that they can get to, and participate without assistance, in everyday activities
such as procurement of goods and services, community living, employment, and
leisure.
Although the recommendations are concerned exclusively with the

requirements of disabled people but the facilities will invariable make buildings
more convenient for elderly persons and persons suffering from any kind of
physical ailments.
A safer, easier environment for the physically disabled benefits everyone.
Presumption – all elderly are handicapped

•It must be clearly understood that barrier-free goes far beyond just a ramp and
has many other necessary aspects.
•These range from door and passage widths to flooring surface, from counter
heights to door handles and railings, from signage and auditory signal to tactile
guides.

Guiding principle: trip chain – to determine barrier free
Eg) home to a working – Journey

- to go from home to sidewalk or pathway
- to enter in a vehicle
- to go out of the vehicle to sidewalks or pathways near the working place
- to reach the entrance of the building
- to enter the building
- to move around in the building
- to enter the office or other kind of place for work
- to reach the working station
Each part could be divided in more details.
If only one link is not accessible, then the journey becomes impossible.

With respect to buildings:
Access to building in its four main components:

- to reach: ramps
- to enter: entrances
- to move around: corridors, elevators, stairs and signage
- to use: doors, toilets, operating mechanisms and fixed features

Anthropometrics and dimension:
Dimension and size of a wheel chair


Min width – 900 mm  after the clearance space

Forward reach

Side reach


Space allowance for a wheelchair user: (Corridor)
Minimum
diameter –
1500mm
Preferable –
1700mm
Min width – 900 mm

If continuous corridor:
maneuvering of wheelchair users through lateral
doors, a continuous width of 120 cm – recommended.

The minimum unobstructed width of a public corridor is 150 cm and

the recommended width is 180 cm.

For 90° turn, a width of 90 cm is sufficient if the minimum length of

corridor available after the corner and any maneuver is at least 120 cm.


For 180° turn, the

minimum width is 110 cm
but 120 cm is highly
recommended to allow
the comfortable
maneuver.
The minimum depth of the

area for turn is 125 cm and
preferably 140 cm.

Dimensions for walking aids users:
•Ground and floor surfaces should be even and slip resistant.

•Resting places should be provided along travel routes.

Dimensions for blind persons:

• Use of contrasted colors
and changes in texture of the
floor material.
• To minimize the risk of

hazards, obstacles,
protruding elements and low
overhanging signs have to be
avoided in the pathway.
• Braille and visual

information should be
doubled with audible
information

Obstructions:
• If at all needed, can be placed along a

continuous line.
•Exceptionally, a width of 80 cm could be
allowed on a length of 60 cm maximum

Space below stairs should be blocked out completely by protective rails or

marked with tactile surface

Overhanging signs should be mounted

at least at 2 m from the floor level
In long corridor, to allow a complete

turn for wheelchair users, a minimum
width of 150 cm is recommended for
the corridor.

Signage:
• Aims to minimize anxiety and confusion
• Color of signs should be contrasted – clearly distinguishable
• Increased use of pictures – for people with learning disabilities.
• Standards: rectangular information signboards, triangular warning
signboards, and circular interdictory signboards.
• Signs should not be placed behind glass – it will confuse.
• The smallest letter should not be less than 15 mm.
There are four main functional typologies

- Information signs: maps, explanation for use of different equipments, …
- Directional signs: direct the user to a destination with arrow marks aiding
text,
- Identification (or Location) signs: installed at specific individual
destinations, indicate the location of a room, service, desk, …
- Warning signs: installed for the safety of users (either warning or
prohibitory signs), for example, fire exit signs.

Signage:
•It should not obstruct any movement path and, if suspended, should have
minimum clear headroom of 2 m from the finished floor.
•If the signage is floor-based and freestanding, then there should be a
detectable barrier at the floor level for the white cane users (Walking stick).

Parking:
Accessible parking spaces should be located not more than 50 m from
accessible building entrances

Parking:

•A textured surface at
least 60 cm wide is
needed to separate the
pathway from the
vehicular area to avoid
hazards for people with
vision impairments.
•Another solution could

be the use of bollards

Ramps:
• Ramp should be
adjacent to the stairs.
• Recommended slope of
ramps is 5 %.

Landing areas:
• Landings should be provided every 10 m,
at every change of direction and
at the top and the bottom of the ramp.
The minimum length of the landing area is 1.40 m and the min. width has
to be equal to the width of the ramp.
Width:
• Min 90 cm and preferably 120 cm
• overcrowded place, a width of 160 cm at least
• A border to drive out the wheel is recommended

Handrails:
• On both side of the ramps are
always recommended
• Double handrails at different height

are recommended
one at a height of 70 cm
from the ground level for the use of
the children and wheelchair users,
one at a height of 90 cm for the use
of other users.
•The handrails should be extended at

the top and at the bottom of the
ramp on a distance of at least 30 cm
•The handrails color should be

contrasted.

A tactile marking with contrasted colors should be placed at the top and the
bottom of the ramp to alert people with vision impairments. The width of the
marking has to be at least 60 cm.

Entrances:
•In order to allow the maneuver of the door, sufficient space should be
provided on both sides of the door.
•The area of maneuver should be flat and firm.
the approach : frontal or lateral
- the push or pull side of the door
landing area (out of

clearances of doors) of
1.40 x 1.40 m in front of
the entrance to allow
operating doors.
Frontal

900 mm min – single leaf

door
800 mm min for double

leaf door - clear

A maximum change in level of 2 Cm is

permissible if clearly visible and beveled
with a slope lesser than 1:3 or with
chamfer.

Door handle:
A maximum change in level of 2 Cm is permissible if clearly visible and beveled

with a slope lesser than 1:3 or with chamfer.

Two-way swing doors must be equipped with glazing in order to have a

clear vision panel between 80 and 150 cm from the floor level.

Elevators and platform lifts:
Highly recommended – for Hospitals.
Access to elevator:
The call button will be located at a maximum height

of 130 cm from the floor level and a minimum
distance of 40 cm from the adjacent wall if the
elevator is situated near a corner.

The automatic door-reopening device is activated if an object passes through

an horizontal line situated at 12.5cm and an horizontal line situated at 75cm
from the floor level

Doors of the elevator
Min door opening – 800mm
preferably – 900 mm
•The maximum tolerance
admitted for stop precision is 2
cm. (Floor level)
Internal dimensions:
•Min - 1.1 x 1.3 m
• A wheelchair user is not able to
maneuver in the car and often he
has to go backwards in order to
quit the car. In this purpose, it is
recommended to put a mirror in
the elevator car.
•high-frequented buildings, the

minimum internal dimensions
recommended are 1.3 x 2 m

Control panel:
•located at a height between 90
cm and 135 cm
•Numbers are embossed to be

identifiable by touch and with
contrasted colors.
•All control buttons shall be also

in Braille.
•Audiovisual signals – recommended.
The inside of the elevator car should have handrails on three side
mounted 80 to 85 cm from the floor.

Platform lifts:
•A vertical movement platform lift may be installed adjacent to the stairs for
maximum 2.5 m level changes
•The minimum width of the lift is 90 cm and the minimum length is 120 cm.

Stairs:
Width
•The minimum width of stairs is 90 cm for one-way traffic.
•For high-frequented buildings, the minimum width is 140 cm.
Landing areas
•Intermediate flat landing areas should
be provided when the difference in
level is more than 2.5 m
•On any flight of stairs, all steps shall

have uniform riser heights and
uniform tread widths.
•Open risers and projecting nosing

should be avoided to minimize the
risk of stumbling

•The maximum riser dimension is 18 cm and

the minimum tread dimension is 28 cm
•Nosing and tactile marking (Only in

unavoidable cases)
Textural marking strip

should be provided at the
top and bottom of stairs
and at intermediate
landings
•For people with sight impairment,

the nose of steps should be with
contrasted colors and preferably
different textures
Configuration

Handrails
• Installed on both sides of the stairs and should be extended at least 30 cm

before the first step and beyond the last step of the stairs

• Installed at an approximate height of 90 cm and could be doubled by a

second handrail at an approximate height of 70 cm for children and small
size users

•Handrails should be provided with rounded form for better grip with a
cross section around 4cm diameter

Internal doors:
Min width – 800 mm accepted.
900 mm – only for main door
•Doors could be provided with a 30 cm
high kick plate at the lower part to
protect the door from wheelchair
footrests.
•For spring mounted doors, an extra pull

handle of 30 cm length could be
provided at a distance between 20 and
30 cm from the hinge side and at a
height of around 100 cm from the floor
level to facilitate closing.
•All operational devices must have contrasted colors with their surroundings
and the doors should be color contrasted with the wall.

Toilets:
The ease of transferring from a wheelchair to a toilet seat depends on the

approach.
There are four different approaches:

- the parallel or axial approach, which is the easiest,
- the diagonal approach, which is difficult,
- the perpendicular approach, which is also difficult,
- the frontal approach, which is the most difficult.

Dimensions:
A toilet cubicle designed for wheelchair

user should be of internal dimensions not
less than
1.50 x 1.50 m with a clear space not less
than 80 cm wide and 130 cm length next
to the water
closet
Door has to open outwards unless

sufficient space is provided within the
toilet
cubicle of 1.5 x 1.5 m - min
•A space of maneuver has to be

provided outside of the toilet
adjacent to the door to allow the
wheelchair user to maneuver in
order to enter backward in the toilet
after the opening of the door.

•The distance between the toilet axe and the

adjacent wall has to be between 45 and 50 cm
•To facilitate the transfer, the height of the seat has to be

as more as possible equal to the height of the wheelchair
seat, between 45 and 50 cm
•The distance of the tap/toilet roll-dispenser from the front

edge of the seat has to be less than 30cm. The height of it
from the top edge of the seat has to be between 25 and 50
cm.

Washbasin:
For wheelchair users:
•The top edge of the washbasin must be between 80 and 85 cm from the
finished floor level
•The washbasin should be mounted such that the distance between the
centerline of the fixture and the adjacent wall is at least 45 cm
•There should be a minimum

free knee space of 75 cm width,
20 cm depth and 75 cm height
with an additional toe space of
at least 75 cm width, 23 cm
depth and 23 cm height from
the finished floor as shown in
the following picture

For walking aids users or standing person with reduced mobility:
•The top edge of the washbasin is around 95

cm from the finished floor level.
•A grab bar adjacent at a height of 95 cm is
highly recommended

Urinals:
•They should be of the wall hung type with

the rim not more than 43 cm from the
floor and a clear floor space of 75 cm
width x 120 cm depth without steps in
front of it.
•They should be grab-bars on either side

extending from 90 cm to 150 cm above the
finished floor level and with a minimum
distance of 12 cm between the bar and the
wall.
•The flush, if manually operated, should be

located between 90 cm and 130 cm from
the finished floor level.

Operating mechanisms and fixed features:

Horizontal reach: the minimum distance between the

operating mechanism and the adjacent wall is 40 cm

The forward reach over an obstruction is limited to 50 cm for a

wheelchair user

INSTRUCTIONS TO AIDE PERSONS REQUIRING ASSISTANCE TO EVACUATE

Individuals who require assistance:
• Those who are blind, have impaired vision, are deaf or have hearing
impairments
• Woman who are pregnant
• Persons with temporary conditions such as a broken leg or sprained ankle
• Individuals with arthritis
• Persons with hidden disabilities, such as heart problems
• Individuals who have breathing difficulties such as asthma
It is important that these people are recognized in order to ensure they are able
to exit the building in a safe and timely manner.

Only persons professionally and regularly trained in these lifting

techniques should attempt to evacuate persons requiring
assistance.
THE BACK LIFT
The rescuer will kneel in front of the person and place the person’s
arm up and over the rescuer’s shoulder and across his/her chest.
The rescuer will then lean forward, before rising slowly to a full
standing position.

TWO RESCUER SEAT CARRY:

TWO RESCUER SEAT CARRY:

TWO RESCUER EXTREMITIES CARRY:

CRADLE TECHNIQUE:

CHAIR CARRY TECHNIQUE:

Evac Chair:

General guidelines:
•Physically handicapped occupants should be moved down the fire

stairwell to the uppermost floor served by an uninvolved elevator
bank, and then be moved by elevator under the direction of fire
officials.
•Seriously handicapped persons should be assisted by assigned floor

evacuation team members.
•Locating the desks of handicapped persons in a work area near an

exit will make their evacuation easier.

Hour 6th and 7th

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Special features required for physically handicapped and elderly in building types: 6th hour

Physically challenged (Disabled or Handicapped):

• Problem in body function or structure;

Thus disability is a complex phenomenon, reflecting an interaction between

Building Services - III

An individual may also qualify as disabled if he/she has had an impairment

Such impairments may include physical, sensory, and cognitive or

Some advocates object to describing certain conditions (notably deafness )

Building Services - III

The goal of barrier free design is to provide

Although the recommendations are concerned exclusively with the

A safer, easier environment for the physically disabled benefits everyone.

Presumption – all elderly are handicapped

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

Guiding principle: trip chain – to determine barrier free

Eg) home to a working – Journey

Building Services - III

With respect to buildings:

Access to building in its four main components:

Building Services - III

Anthropometrics and dimension:

Dimension and size of a wheel chair

Building Services - III

Min width – 900 mm  after the clearance space

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

Space allowance for a wheelchair user: (Corridor)

Min width – 900 mm

Building Services - III

The minimum unobstructed width of a public corridor is 150 cm and

Building Services - III

For 90° turn, a width of 90 cm is sufficient if the minimum length of

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

For 180° turn, the

The minimum depth of the

Building Services - III

Dimensions for walking aids users:

•Ground and floor surfaces should be even and slip resistant.

Building Services - III

Dimensions for blind persons:

• To minimize the risk of

• Braille and visual

Building Services - III

• If at all needed, can be placed along a

Building Services - III

Space below stairs should be blocked out completely by protective rails or

Building Services - III

Overhanging signs should be mounted

In long corridor, to allow a complete

Building Services - III

There are four main functional typologies

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

Building Services - III

•Another solution could

Building Services - III

Building Services - III