Electric Machines Lab Manual (2020)

Student Name: ______________________________
Registration No.: _____________________________

Section: ____________________________________
EE-313L
Electric Machines Lab
(Revised Lab Manual, August 20, 2020)
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of

Engineering Sciences & Technology
Electric Machines Lab Page 1

Table of Contents
Lab - 1: Introduction to the Machines Lab ........................................................................ 6
1.1 Objective ................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Reference Reading ................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Equipment Required ................................................................................................ 6
1.4 A Note on the Lab Equipment .................................................................................. 6
1.5 Power Triangle ........................................................................................................ 9
1.6 Assessment Sheet .................................................................................................. 11
Lab - 2: Measurement of Winding Resistance, Transformation Ratio and
Determination of Polarity of Single-Phase Transformers ........................................... 12
2.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Equipment Required .............................................................................................. 12
2.3 Review of Theory ................................................................................................... 12
2.4 Measuring Winding resistance ............................................................................... 13
2.5 Measuring Transformation ratio............................................................................. 15
2.6 Determination of Polarities .................................................................................... 17
Lab - 3: Open Circuit Test and Short Circuit Test of Single Phase Transformer
20
3.1 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 20
3.3 Open-Circuit Test ................................................................................................... 20
3.4 Short-Circuit Test ................................................................................................... 22
Lab - 4: Autotransformer Operation ................................................................................ 26
4.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 26
4.3 Review of theory ................................................................................................... 26
4.4 Step-up autotransformer ....................................................................................... 27
4.5 Step-Down autotransformer .................................................................................. 28
Lab - 5: Measurement of Winding Resistance and Transformation Ratio Three-
Phase Transformers .................................................................................................................. 31
5.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 31
5.3 Review of theory ................................................................................................... 31
5.4 Measuring The Winding Resistance ........................................................................ 34
5.5 Measuring The Transformation ratio ...................................................................... 36
Lab - 6: Open Circuit Test and Short Circuit Test of Three Phase Transformer
39
6.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 39
6.3 No-Load Test ......................................................................................................... 40
6.4 Short-Circuit Test ................................................................................................... 42
Lab - 7: No Load, Locked Rotor and Breaking Test of Three Phase Wound Rotor
Induction Motor .......................................................................................................................... 45
7.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 45
7.3 No-Load Test ......................................................................................................... 46

7.4 Locked Rotor Test .................................................................................................. 48
7.5 Braking Test........................................................................................................... 50
Lab - 8: Starting and Running Characteristics of a DC Motor .................................. 53
8.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 53
8.3 Review Of Theory .................................................................................................. 53
8.4 DC Shunt Motor ..................................................................................................... 54
8.5 DC Series Motor..................................................................................................... 57
Lab - 9: Operation of DC Compound Motor as Compound Excitation DC Motor
(Additive Series and Deductive Series) .............................................................................. 60
9.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 59
9.3 Connections for Compound Excitation DC Motor Additive Series............................. 60
9.4 Connections for Compound Excitation DC Motor Deductive Series .......................... 61
9.5 Procedure.............................................................................................................. 62
Lab - 10: Study of Magnetization characteristics of three phase synchronous generator

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….66
10.1 Objective ............................................................................................................... 66
10.3 Synchronous Generators ........................................................................................ 68
10.4 Exercises ............................................................................................................... 71
Lab - 11: Paralleling Lab’s Alternator with Three-Phase Network (WAPDA Grid)..............
11.1 Objective ............................................................................................................. 70

11.2 Equipment Required ........................................................................................... 70
11.3 Procedure ............................................................................................................ 70
11.4 Assessment Sheet ............................................................................................... 77
Lab – 12: Open Ended Lab ............................................................................................. 78
12.1 Objective ........................................................................................................... 78

12.2 PRE-LAB READING .............................................................................................. 78
12.3 EXERCISE............................................................................................................ 78
12.4 Assessment Sheet .............................................................................................. 80

Instructions for Students
1. Attendance is mandatory for students in all the labs. If a student is absent from a lab
due to any reason, he/she will have to get written permission of the Dean to perform
that lab. The Dean may allow students to perform lab if he finds that the student has
a genuine excuse.
2. Students should bring their textbooks to the lab, so that they can refer to theory and
diagrams whenever required.
3. Labs will be graded in double entry fashion; one entry in the assessment sheet given
at the end of every lab and another entry in the instructor’s record. This system of
keeping records will keep students aware of their performance throughout the lab.
4. Assignments must be submitted as per instructions mentioned in the assignments.
5. In any case, there will be no retake of quizzes.
6. The tentative marks distribution for final grade is as follows:
• Lab Performance – 30 %
• Mid Term Exam – 20%
• Presentation/Project – 20%
• Lab Final – 30 %

7. The assessment sheet at the end of every lab looks like this:
EE313L Electrical Machines Lab

Lab Rubric
Student Name: ______________________ Reg. #: _________________
CLOS PLOs Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Score

3.0 2.0 1.0 0
Can setup and Can setup and
Can independently Cannot setup or
handle the handle the
CLO-1 PLO-5 setup, operate and handle the
apparatus with apparatus with
handle the apparatus apparatus
minimal help some help
Data recorded
Data recorded
and presented is
and presented is
All required data is complete but Data recorded
partially
recorded and presented accuracy is not only with
complete. The
CLO-2 PLO-5 accurately and as per considerable
required format
completely in the requirement. assistance from
is followed but
required format The required instructor
with few
format is
deficiencies.
followed.
Analyzes data
Analyzes and Unable to
correctly
Analyzes and interprets interprets data analyze and
however unable
data correctly for all correctly for few interpret data
CLO-3 PLO-4 to interpret it
tasks/ experiments in tasks/ for any tasks/
for tasks/
the lab experiments in experiments in
experiments in
the lab the lab
the lab
Demonstrates
Demonstrates
shortfalls in Does not follows
Demonstrates complete sound
following related
compliance with compliance with
CLO-4 PLO-6 related practices of
related practices of related practices
practices of safety and
safety and health. of safety and
safety and health.
health.
health.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates Demonstrates
incomplete
Demonstrates extensive knowledge of the some knowledge
knowledge of
knowledge of the topic topic by of the topic by
CLO-6 PLO-9 the topic by
by responding precisely responding responding
responding
to all questions precisely to all accurately to all
inaccurately to
questions questions
all questions
Total Score in Lab /15
Instructor Signature: _________________

Lab - 1: Introduction to the Machines Lab
1.1 OBJECTIVE
• To explain working procedures that will be followed during all the lab experiments.
• Students will be given some instructions on machines safety, efficiency and heating.
• Afterwards, a lab experiment will be conducted in order to familiarize the students
with the concepts of line-to-line voltages, line currents, phase voltages, phase
currents, phase power and three-phase power in ‘Wye’ and ‘Delta’ circuits.
1.2 REFERENCE READING
Study the following topics from the Appendix A in the textbook “Electric Machinery
Fundamentals”, by Stephen J. Chapman.
• A.1 Generation of three phase voltages and currents
• A.2 Voltages and currents in a three phase circuit
• A.3 Power relationships in a three phase circuit
• A.6 Using the power triangle
1.3 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
Instruments Quantity
Ammeter 2
Voltmeter 3
Wattmeter 3
Components Quantity
Resistive Load As required
Connecting leads As required
Supplies Quantity
AC/DC Power supply modules, DL10016 1
1.4 A NOTE ON THE LAB EQUIPMENT
The first thing to be noticed in the machines lab is the power supply (DL10016). It can
provide three power outputs at the same time: two variables DC and one variable AC. It
has following modes of operation:
• 0-26V 14A AC
• 0-46V 10A AC
• 0-32V 14A DC or 0-46V 14A DC (4.2% tipple)
• 0-42V 5A DC
First four modes are controlled using single shared knob, which means that they cannot be
controlled independently.
To overcome this, the power supply module also has a (relatively low-power) 0-42V 5A
variable DC source, which operates in the stated range, regardless of the mode of operation.
It has its own control knob.

Front view of Power Supply (DL-10016)
Ch 1: Key general switch - Emergency push-button

J2: Switch for the selection of the variable voltages
J3: Variable three-phase output switch v
J4: Variable DC output switch
J5: Variable DC excitation output switch
Pm 1: Running push-button
Pa 1: Stop push-button
LS 1 - LS2: Warning light
LS3 - LS4 - LS5: Warning light output voltage
Kl: Max. Speed connector
VAR1: Variator for AC and DC output
VAR2: Variator for DC excitation output
Thl: Magnetothermic protection for VAR2
After the power supply, the equipment that will be used most frequently is Electric Power
Measurement module (DL-10060).
Single Phase load connection with measurement unit
Other equipments that will be regularly used are Ammeters, Voltmeters, Wattmeters, and
Tachometers.
1.4.1 CONNECTING LOAD IN ‘WYE’
• Connect the three phase supply voltage to an appropriate Y- connected resistive load
[the resistance in each branch of the load should be at least 20Ω, and the load should
be balanced – equal resistances in all three branches].
• Connect voltmeters and ammeters in such a way that you shou1d be able to measure
all line-to-line voltages, phase voltages, line currents, and phase currents.
• Three wattmeters should be connected in such a way that the two wattmeters
collectively measure the total three-phase power taken by the load, while the third
one measures the power in just one phase of the [three-phase] load.
• Now increase the voltage applied to the load to about 30 V [line- to-line, from the
supply side].
• Record all those readings of voltages, currents and power and relate them [i.e., the
line-to-line voltage with phase voltage, line current with phase current, three-phase
power with single phase power].
IL Ip
L1 A A
W1 Wp V Vp R
V VL
R R
L2
V VL W2
L3
Wye connected load
1.4.2 OBSERVATIONS
S.No VLL IL ∑W R
V12 V23 V31 I1 I2 I3
1.
2.
3.
1.4.3 CONNECTING LOAD IN ‘DELTA’

Repeat above procedure for a delta-connected load (record all the readings in space
provided under ‘Exercises’)

L1 IL
A Vp
V
V VL Wp
R R
R A
L2
V VL
L3
Delta connected load
1.4.4 OBSERVATIONS
S.No VLL IL ∑W R
V12 V23 V31 I1 I2 I3
1.
2.
3.
1.5 POWER TRIANGLE

Power triangle is a representation used to show the relationship between real (active)
power, reactive power and apparent power.
• Try to find an appropriate inductive load [preferably known resistance in series with
an inductance].
• Connect a single-phase AC voltage source to the load [if you don't find a single-phase
voltage source in the lab, you can connect two phases of your three-phase AC source
to the load: here the line-to-line voltage of three-phase source can be treated as a
single-phase voltage]. The applied voltage should be 'OFF' at this stage.
• Now connect voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter to measure the load [and supply]
voltage, current and the power.
• Calculate power factor of the load from these readings.
𝑃𝐹 = 𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟/𝐴𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
• Using voltage as reference phasor, draw the power triangle and work out the active
power, reactive power and the apparent power. Also work out 'complex power'.
• From your recorded readings can you now work out the inductance in the load or
the resistance in the load [if you do not know them already, or even if you do know
them you could verify these values according to your experimental investigation?]

Power Triangle

1.6 ASSESSMENT SHEET

Lab Rubric
Student Name: ______________________ Reg. #: _________________

3.0 2.0 1.0 0
Data recorded
Data recorded and
and presented is
All required data is presented is Data recorded
partially
recorded and complete but only with
complete. The
CLO-2 PLO-5 presented accurately accuracy is not as considerable
required format
and completely in the per requirement. assistance from
is followed but
with few
format is followed.
deficiencies.
Analyzes data
Analyzes and correctly
interprets data analyze and
interprets data however unable
correctly for few interpret data
CLO-3 PLO-4 correctly for all tasks/ to interpret it
tasks/ for any tasks/
experiments in the for tasks/
lab experiments in the experiments in
experiments in
lab the lab
the lab
Demonstrates
Demonstrates shortfalls in Does not follows
Demonstrates
sound compliance following related
complete compliance
CLO-4 PLO-6 with related related practices of
with related practices
practices of safety practices of safety and
of safety and health.
and health. safety and health.
health.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates incomplete
knowledge of the some knowledge
extensive knowledge knowledge of
topic by of the topic by
CLO-6 PLO-9 of the topic by the topic by
responding responding
responding precisely responding
precisely to all accurately to all
to all questions inaccurately to
questions questions
all questions

Lab - 2: Measurement of Winding
Resistance, Transformation Ratio
and Determination of Polarity of
Single-Phase Transformers
2.1 OBJECTIVE
• To become familiar with the construction of transformers
• Measure the winding resistance
• Measure the transformation ratio
• Determine the polarities (dot convention)
Ammeter 1
Voltmeter 2
Components Quantity
Single-Phase Transformer, DL10103 1
Supplies Quantity
2.3 REVIEW OF THEORY
A transformer is a device that changes AC electrical energy at one voltage level to AC
electrical energy at another voltage level, at the same frequency, through the action of a
magnetic field. Transformers are used as ‘step-up’, 'step-down', 'current sampling
devices', 'voltage sampling devices', for 'impedance transformation' and as an 'isolating
device' that isolates one electric circuit from another. The principle of transformer
action is also applicable in many ways to motors, generators, and control apparatus. The
two basic types of transformer construction used for power and distribution
applications are:
• Core Type
• Shell Type
It is noted that the high-voltage coils are wound with a greater number of turns of
smaller cross-section conductor than the low-voltage coils. The core-type has primary
and secondary coils wound on different legs, and the shell-type has both coils wound on
the same leg. The wider spacing between primary and secondary in the core-type
transformer gives it an advantage in high-voltage applications. The shell-type,
however, has the advantage of less leakage flux. Transformer core material is made of
non-aging, cold-rolled, high-permeability silicon steel laminations, and each lamination

is insulated with a varnish or oxide coating to reduce eddy currents. The coils are wound
with insulated aluminum conductor or insulated copper conductor, depending on
design considerations. Cooling is provided by air convection, forced air, insulating
liquids, or gas.
Single Phase Transformer
2.4 MEASURING WINDING RESISTANCE

In a transformer, the value of the winding resistance is required to determine its copper
loss, voltage drop and the increase in transformer temperature under load. There are
two methods for finding the resistance of the coil of a transformer:
1. Ohm-Meter Test: This test is performed on both the primary and the secondary
sides of the transformer. It is a very simple method as ordinarily used for measuring
the resistance of a resistor using ohm meter. The primary side of the transformer is
connected to the ohm meter and the result displayed on the LCD of the ohm meter
will let you know the resistance of the transformer’s coil. Similarly, we can find the
resistance of the secondary coil as well.
2. Hot Test: In this case, direct current (DC) is flown through the coil of the
transformer with a rheostat connected in series to protect high current flow through
the low resistance coil. Voltage across and current through the coil are measured
using analog voltmeter and ammeter, respectively. The scales of the analog devices
must be selected on DC. This test is performed on full rated conditions mentioned
on the rating plate of the transformer. The rated current can be found using the
‘voltage’ and ‘VA’ ratings mentioned on the transformer from which the resistance
of the coil is calculated; this resistance is the resistance offered by the coil at full load.
The same test is also performed on the secondary side to have its resistance.

2.4.1 HOT TEST CONNECTIONS
2.4.2 PROCEDURE
Set the supply section, then perform the following operations:
1. Set the controls of the modules:
Direct current output: Open switch
(excitation) Variator fullycounter-clockwise rotated.
2. Connect the high voltage winding to the L+/L- terminals.

3. Switch the supply module on by setting the circuit breaker to "on".
4. While adjusting the knob of the module, read on the ammeter A the currents shown in the table.
For each current measure the corresponding value of the voltage V.
5. Open the circuit breaker and disconnect the high voltage winding.
6. Connect the low voltage winding to the L+/L- terminals (dotted line connection).
7. Reset the knob to zero position (full counterclockwise rotated). Then switch the supply module
on by setting the circuit breaker to "on".
8. While adjusting the knob of the module, read on the ammeter A the currents shown in the table.
For each current measure the corresponding value of the voltage V.
9. Switch off the main supply module.

2.4.3 OBSERVATIONS
Winding Ammeter (A) Voltmeter (V) Rx (Ω) Rxm (Ω)

High Voltage 0.1
42V 0.2
Low Voltage 0.2
2 x 12 V 0.4
2.4.4 FORMULAS
2.5 MEASURING TRANSFORMATION RATIO

The transformation ratio is defined as the ratio existing, in no-load condition, between
the voltages of high-voltage (HV)-winding and the low-voltage (LV)-winding. In this
experiment, the direct method will be used for measuring the transformation ratio (at
no-load) of the single-phase transformer.
2.5.1 CONNECTIONS

2.5.2 PROCEDURE
Variable single-phase output: Open switch
Variator fullycounter-clockwise rotated.
3. While adjusting the knob of the module, read on the voltmeter V the supply voltages shown in the
table. For each voltage read the corresponding voltages of the secondary winding through the
voltmeter Vs.
4. Switch off the module by opening the circuit breaker.
2.5.3 OBSERVATIONS
PRIMARY SECONDARY TRANSFORMATION

Test No. MEAN ‘KM’
VOLTAGE (VP) VOLTAGE (VS) RATIO ‘K’
1 10
2 20
3 30
Rated
42
Test
2.5.4 FORMULAS
• 𝐾 = 𝑉𝑃 / 𝑉𝑆
• 𝐾𝑀 = (𝐾1 + 𝐾2 + 𝐾3 ) / 3

2.6 DETERMINATION OF POLARITIES
The purpose of this test is to determine whether the voltage induced in the secondary
winding of a single-phase transformer is in phase agreement or out of phase with
respect to the primary voltage.
2.6.1 CONNECTIONS

2.6.2 PROCEDURE
Variable single-phase output Open switch
Variator fullycounter-clockwise rotated.
3. By adjusting the knob, read on the voltmeter V the values of the connected voltages
4. VDQ shown in the table. For each of them read the corresponding voltages VQq on
the voltmeter VI.
Observation
The choice of both the supply side and the test voltage is fully unimportant. The only criterion to
be followed is that of the best supply and measurement convenience.
2.6.3 OBSERVATIONS
VDQ VOLTAGE (V) VQq VOLTAGE (V) NOTES

10
HV winding 48 V,
15
LV winding in series
20
Table 2-1
Note: If VQq is smaller than VDQ, the polarity is said to be subtractive, otherwise
additive.


Lab Rubric
Student Name: ______________________ Reg. #: _________________

3.0 2.0 1.0 0
Data recorded
Data recorded
and presented is
and presented is
All required data is complete but
partially Data recorded only
recorded and accuracy is not
complete. The with considerable
CLO-2 PLO-5 presented accurately as per
required format assistance from
and completely in the requirement.
is followed but instructor
required format The required
with few
format is
deficiencies.
followed.
Analyzes data
Analyzes and
correctly Unable to analyze
Analyzes and interprets data
however unable and interpret data
interprets data correctly for
CLO-3 PLO-4 to interpret it for for any tasks/
correctly for all tasks/ few tasks/
tasks/ experiments in the
experiments in the lab experiments in
experiments in lab
the lab
the lab
Demonstrates
Demonstrates
sound
Demonstrates shortfalls in
compliance with Does not follows
complete compliance following related
CLO-4 PLO-6 related related practices of
with related practices practices of
practices of safety and health.
of safety and health. safety and
safety and
health.
health.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates incomplete
knowledge of some knowledge
extensive knowledge knowledge of the
the topic by of the topic by
CLO-6 PLO-9 of the topic by topic by
responding responding
responding precisely responding
precisely to all accurately to all
to all questions inaccurately to all
questions questions
questions

Lab - 3: Open Circuit Test and Short Circuit
Test of Single Phase Transformer
3.1 OBJECTIVES
• To become familiar with the knowledge of no-load current and cos (𝛷𝑂 ) which is
required to determine saturation level of the core and size of the power factor
correction capacitor on the plant. Another purpose of this test is to determine the
value of the power lost in iron due to magnetic hysteresis effect and eddy currents.
• To become familiar with the value of the power lost due to the Joule’s effect in the
winding, which is essential for calculating the efficiency. Another purpose of this test
is to determine the value of the short circuit voltage and the power factor, as these
are very important in calculating the voltage drop under load condition.
Note:
The short-circuit test can be very dangerous as far as the equipment is concerned. You have
to be very careful while conducting this test. Please listen to your instructor before
performing this test and you should be absolutely sure about what you are going to do.
Ammeter 1
Voltmeter 2
Wattmeter 1
Components Quantity
Supplies Quantity
3.3 OPEN-CIRCUIT TEST
The open-circuit test, or "no-load test", is one of the methods used in electrical
engineering to determine the no-load impedance in the excitation branch of
a transformer.
The secondary of the transformer is left open-circuited. A wattmeter is connected to the

primary. An ammeter is connected in series with the primary winding. A voltmeter is
optional since the applied voltage is the same as the voltmeter reading. Rated voltage is
applied at primary.

3.3.1 CONNECTIONS

3.3.2 PROCEDURE
Variator fully counter-clockwise rotated.
3. While adjusting the knob, read on the voltmeter V the supply voltages shown in the table. For
each voltage measure the corresponding input currents and powers through the ammeter A and
the wattmeter W.
3.3.3 OBSERVATIONS
3.3.4 FORMULA:
𝐶𝑜𝑠( 𝛷 𝑂 ) = 𝑃𝑂 / (𝑉𝑂 𝑥 𝐼𝑂 )
3.4 SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

The test is conducted on the high-voltage (HV) side of the transformer where the
low-voltage (LV) side or the secondary is short circuited. A wattmeter is connected
to the primary. An ammeter is connected in series with the primary winding. A
voltmeter is optional since the applied voltage is the same as the voltmeter reading.
The LV side of the transformer is short circuited. Now with the help of variac applied
voltage is slowly increased until the ammeter gives reading equal to the rated
current of the HV side. After reaching at rated current of HV side, all three
instruments reading (Voltmeter, Ammeter and Watt-meter readings) are recorded.
The ammeter reading gives the primary equivalent of full load current IL. As the
voltage applied for full load current in short circuit test on transformer is quite small
compared to the rated primary voltage of the transformer, the iron losses in
transformer can be taken as negligible here.

3.4.1 CONNECTIONS

3.4.2 PROCEDURE
3. While adjusting the knob, read on the ammeter A the supply currents shown in the table. For each
current measure the corresponding voltages and powers through the voltmeter V and the
wattmeter W.
3.4.3 OBSERVATIONS
3.4.4 FORMULA:
𝐶𝑜𝑠( 𝛷𝑆𝐶 ) = 𝑃𝑆𝐶 / (𝑉𝑆𝐶 𝑥 𝐼𝑆𝐶 )


Lab Rubric
Student Name: ______________________ Reg. #: _________________

3.0 2.0 1.0 0
Data recorded
Data recorded and
and presented is
All required data is presented is Data recorded
partially
recorded and presented complete but only with
complete. The
CLO-2 PLO-5 accurately and accuracy is not as considerable
required format
completely in the per requirement. assistance from
is followed but
with few
format is followed.
deficiencies.
Analyzes data
correctly
however unable
tasks/ experiments in tasks/ for any tasks/
for tasks/
the lab experiments in the experiments in
experiments in
lab the lab
the lab
Demonstrates
Demonstrates complete
sound compliance following related
compliance with
CLO-4 PLO-6 with related related practices of
related practices of
practices of safety practices of safety and
safety and health.
and health. safety and health.
health.
Demonstrates
incomplete
knowledge of
knowledge of the topic topic by of the topic by
by responding precisely responding responding
responding
to all questions precisely to all accurately to all
inaccurately to
questions questions
all questions

Lab - 4: Autotransformer Operation
4.1 OBJECTIVE
The following tests will be performed on a single-phase transformer:
• Step-up operation of an autotransformer
• Step-down operation of an autotransformer
Voltmeter 2
Components Quantity
Supplies Quantity
An autotransformer is an electrical transformer with only one winding. The "auto"
prefix refers to the single coil acting alone and not to any kind of automatic mechanism.
In an autotransformer, portions of the same winding act as both
the primary and secondary sides of the transformer. In contrast, an ordinary
transformer has separate primary and secondary windings which are not electrically
connected.
The winding has at least three taps where electrical connections are made. Since part of
the winding does "double duty", autotransformers have the advantages of often being
smaller, lighter, and cheaper than typical dual-winding transformers, but the
disadvantage of not providing electrical isolation between primary and secondary
circuits. Other advantages of autotransformers include lower leakage reactance, lower
losses, lower excitation current, and increased VA rating for a given size and mass.

4.4 STEP-UP AUTOTRANSFORMER
4.4.1 CONNECTIONS
4.4.2 PROCEDURE
voltmeter Vs.

4.5 STEP-DOWN AUTOTRANSFORMER
4.5.1 CONNECTIONS
4.5.2 PROCEDURE
voltmeter Vs.

4.6 OBSERVATIONS
4.6.1 FORMULA

ASSESSMENT SHEET

Lab Rubric
Student Name: ______________________ Reg. #: _________________

3.0 2.0 1.0 0
Can independently Can setup and Can setup and
Cannot setup or
setup, operate and handle the handle the
CLO-1 PLO-5 handle the
handle the apparatus with apparatus with
apparatus
apparatus minimal help some help
Data recorded Data recorded
All required data is and presented is and presented is
Data recorded
recorded and complete but partially
only with
presented accuracy is not as complete. The
CLO-2 PLO-5 considerable
accurately and per requirement. required format
assistance from
completely in the The required is followed but
instructor
required format format is with few
followed. deficiencies.
Analyzes data
CLO-3 PLO-4 correctly for all to interpret it
tasks/ experiments for tasks/
in the lab experiments in experiments in
experiments in
the lab the lab
the lab
Demonstrates
Demonstrates
sound
complete following related
compliance with
CLO-4 PLO-6 compliance with related practices of
related practices
related practices of practices of safety and
of safety and
safety and health. safety and health.
health.
health.
Demonstrates
Demonstrates some incomplete
knowledge of the
extensive knowledge knowledge of knowledge of
topic by
CLO-6 PLO-9 of the topic by the topic by the topic by
responding
responding precisely responding responding
precisely to all
to all questions accurately to all inaccurately to
questions
questions all questions

Lab - 5: Measurement of Winding
Resistance and Transformation
Ratio Three-Phase Transformers
5.1 OBJECTIVE
• To become familiar with the construction of three-phase transformers
• Measure winding resistance of a three phase transformer
• Measure transformation ratio of a three phase transformer
Ammeter 1
Voltmeter 2
Components Quantity
Three-Phase Transformer, DL10100 1
Supplies Quantity

A transformer is a device that changes AC electrical energy at one voltage level to AC
electrical energy at another voltage level, at the same frequency, through the action of a
magnetic field. Transformers are used as ‘step-up’, 'step-down', 'current sampling
devices', 'voltage sampling devices', for 'impedance transformation' and as an 'isolating
device' that isolates one electric circuit from another.
Three-Phase Transformer, DL10100

5.3.1 CONNECTIONS OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WINDINGS
Practical considerations about the connection selection
5.3.1.1 STAR CONNECTION
Advantages:
On the output side it allows the 4-wire distribution. This frequently represents a compulsory
requirement.
It allows the phases to be insulated for a voltage 1.73 times smaller than the line voltage. This
can be a determining construction advantage, especially when the rated voltages are high. The
star center can be connected to earth and this "stabilizes" the value of the voltage against earth
of the whole plant, with insulation and accident prevention advantages.
Drawbacks:
When used on the primary side, the star connection (without neutral wire) doesn't allow the
free flowing of the third harmonic, unavoidably included in the magnetization currents. This
gives rise to a deformation of both the flux waves and the phase voltages, whose crest values,
in the most unfavorable case (between either independent or shell cores and in absence of a
delta connected secondary), can even increase by 40 - 45%.
Serious insulation problems therefore occur, especially when the rated voltage is already high.
Still when used on the primary side and in absence of the neutral wire, it doesn't "constrain"
the values of the phase voltages. An unbalanced secondary output gives therefore rise to a
"displacement" of the primary star center, with a consequent significant dissymmetry of both
the fluxes and the voltages.
5.3.1.2 DELTA CONNECTION
Advantages:
When used on the primary side, it "imposes" the values of the phase voltages under any load
condition, therefore ensuring the voltage symmetry.
Still when used on the primary, it allows the flowing of the third harmonic of the
magnetization currents. Therefore, it doesn't introduce any deformation of the fluxes and the
voltages.
When used on the secondary, it "dampens" possible third harmonic components of' the fluxes,
leaving the corresponding induced currents free to flow.
In case of high rated currents, it allows the reduction of the section of the winding conductors,
which are sized for a current 1.73 times smaller.
Drawbacks:
When used on the output side, it doesn't allow the 4-wire distribution, which is almost always
of significant convenience.

It doesn't allow the earth connection of a "center-of-gravity" point as the star centre could be.
This leaves free the potentials to earth of the different parts of the plant connected to the
secondary that, in case of earth fault, could be even stressed by the whole line voltage.
5.3.1.3 CONCLUSIONS
The most suitable connections are:
- primary: delta
- secondary: star, when the neutral wire or the earth connection are required;
delta in the other cases.

5.4 MEASURING THE WINDING RESISTANCE
5.4.1 CONNECTIONS

5.4.2 PROCEDURE
Note: Connect the transformer as Delta/Wye. Follow these instructions:
Direct current output: Open switch
(excitation) Variator fully counter-clockwise rotated.
2. Connect one high voltage winding to the L+/L- terminals (heavy line connection for phase
1U).
4. While adjusting the knob of the module, read on the ammeter A the currents shown in the
table. For each current measure the corresponding value of the voltage V.
5. Open the circuit breaker: disconnect the winding 1U and connect the winding 1V. Repeat
the operations in points 1 to 4.
6. Open the circuit breaker: disconnect the winding 1V and connect the winding 1W. Repeat
the operations in points 1 to 4.
7. Open the circuit breaker and disconnect the high voltage winding.
8. Connect the low voltage winding to the L+/L- terminals (dotted line connection for phase
2U).
9. Perform the measurements at first on the winding 2V, then on the other two windings
following the points 1 to 4.
5.4.3 OBSERVATIONS
5.4.4 FORMULA

5.5 MEASURING THE TRANSFORMATION RATIO
5.5.1 CONNECTIONS

5.5.2 PROCEDURE
Note: Connect the transformer as Delta/Wye. Follow these instructions:
Variable three phase output: Open switch
2. Realize the measuring circuit for the phase U.
4. While adjusting the knob, read on the voltmeter Vlv the supply voltages of the lv winding
shown in the table. For each voltage measure the corresponding voltages of the HV
winding through the voltmeter VHV.
6. Repeat the measurements of points I to 5 for the other two phases.
5.5.3 OBSERVATIONS
5.5.4 FORMULA


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Lab - 6: Open Circuit Test and Short Circuit
Test of Three Phase Transformer
6.1 OBJECTIVE
• To become familiar with the knowledge of no-load current and cos (𝛷𝑂 ) which is
required to determine saturation level of the core and size of the power factor
correction capacitor on the plant. Another purpose of this test is to determine the
value of the power lost in iron due to magnetic hysteresis effect and eddy currents.
• To become familiar with the value of the power lost due to the Joule’s effect in the
winding, which is essential for calculating the efficiency. Another purpose of this test
is to determine the value of the short circuit voltage and the power factor, as these
are very important in calculating the voltage drop under load condition.
Note:
The short-circuit test can be very dangerous as far as the equipment is concerned. You have
Ammeter 3
Voltmeter 2
Wattmeter 2
Frequency meter 1
Components Quantity
Three-Phase Transformer, DL10100 1
Supplies Quantity

6.3 NO-LOAD TEST
This test should be conducted at rated voltage on primary (HV) side. The connections
should be Delta/Wye. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the value of the
power lost due to the magnetic hysteresis effect and eddy currents. The value of the no-
load current and power factor are required for calculation of the conventional efficiency
and designing power factor correction capacitor on the consumer site.
6.3.1 CONNECTIONS

6.3.2 PROCEDURE
While adjusting the knob, read on the voltmeter Y the supply voltages shown in the table.
For each voltage measure the corresponding line currents and input powers through the
ammeters and the wattmeters.
6.3.3 OBSERVATIONS
6.3.4 FORMULA:

6.4 SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST
6.4.1 CONNECTIONS

6.4.2 PROCEDURE
3. While adjusting the knob, read on the ammeter A the supply currents shown in the table.
For each current measure the short-circuit voltages and input powers through the
voltmeter and the wattmeters.
6.4.3 OBSERVATIONS
6.4.4 FORMULA:
• 𝑃𝑆𝐶 = 𝑊𝐴 + 𝑊𝐵
• 𝐶𝑜𝑠( 𝛷𝑂 ) = 𝑃𝑆𝐶 / (𝑉𝑂 ∗ 𝐼𝑂 ∗ √3)


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Lab - 7: No Load, Locked Rotor and
Breaking Test of Three Phase
Wound Rotor Induction Motor
7.1 OBJECTIVE
• To perform no-load and locked rotor tests on three phase wound rotor induction
motor.
• To perform braking test on three phase wound rotor induction motor and use
the results to measure the slip and efficiency under different loading conditions.
Note:
The Locked Rotor test can be very dangerous as far as the equipment is concerned. You have
Analog Ammeter 2
Analog Voltmeter 2
Wattmeter 2
Frequency meter 1
Components Quantity
Three-phase Slip-ring induction motor 1
Universal Base DL 10400 1
Electromagnetic Brake 1
Load Cell 1
Mechanical parameters Measurement Unit DL 10050/55
Supplies Quantity

7.3 NO-LOAD TEST
This test should be conducted at rated voltage on the armature side. The armature
winding should be Delta connected. The value of the no-load current and power factor
are required for calculation of the conventional efficiency and designing power factor
correction capacitor on the consumer site.
7.3.1 CONNECTIONS
7.3.2 PROCEDURE

2. Shunt the ammetric coils of the instruments (wiring the dotted connection) to protect them against
the peak of the starting current.
3. Close the switches.
4. Slowly adjust the variac to supply the motor with its rated voltage (whose value is 24V being the
stator delta connected). Switch the Ra rheostat off turning it to position 5 and leave the motor free
to rotate for some minutes, to stabilize the friction in the bearings.
5. Remove the protection jumpers from the ammetric coils.
6. Open the switches.
7.3.3 OBSERVATIONS
7.3.4 FORMULA:

7.4 LOCKED ROTOR TEST
7.4.1 CONNECTIONS

7.4.2 PROCEDURE
2. Hold the rotor of the motor, being the required effort minimum, stucking the rotor can be done
with simple manual action on the joint.
3. Close the main switch.
4. Adjust the variac in clockwise to obtain the current values reported in the table; for each value
read the instrument indications.
5. Open the switch.
7.4.3 OBSERVATIONS
7.4.4 FORMULA:

7.5 BRAKING TEST
7.5.1 CONNECTIONS

7.5.2 PROCEDURE
Variable DC output: Open switch

2. Shunt the am metric coils of the instruments (wiring the dotted connection) to protect them against
the peak of the starting current.
3. Perform the initial balancing of the electromagnets ring moving the measuring weight at the
beginning of the graduation on its arm and moving the balance · weight until the water level is
balanced and digital torque meter is displaying 0. Clamp the balance weight, that hasn't to be
moved anymore during the whole test.
4. Adjust the supply voltage to exactly the rated value. Close the switches of DC and three-phase
outputs. Check that the motor is rotating in the right direction with reference to the measuring
weight. Remove the short - circuit jumpers.
5. Slowly increase the braking power by increasing the braking excitation and take readings on
intervals.
6. Stop the motor opening the switches.
7.5.3 OBSERVATIONS
7.5.4 FORMULA:


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Lab - 8: Starting and Running
Characteristics of a DC Motor
8.1 OBJECTIVE
To understand the operating principles of DC shunt and series motors.
Analog Ammeter 1
Analog Voltmeter 2
Components Quantity
DC motor 1
Supplies Quantity
DC machines are generators that convert mechanical energy to DC electrical energy and
motors that convert DC electrical energy to mechanical energy. The stator or field of a
DC motor is composed of magnetic poles, even in number, arranged along a circle with
north and south alternately. The generation of these magnetic poles is obtained through
a DC current flowing into the field winding.
The rotor or armature is composed of an iron cylindrical core supporting the conductors
arranged in slots and connected to the commutator segments. The current is driven
from the armature by means of fixed brushes sliding on the commutator. The
commutator also termed as mechanical switch, automatically switches the conductors
so that the current of the motor is permanent and mono-directional. The position of the
brushes ensures that the torque angle is 90°. In order to calculate the net electromotive
force, the following formula is used:
𝒆 = 𝒏∗ 𝑩∗ 𝒍∗ 𝑽
Where n is the total no. of conductors, B is the magnetic flux density, l is the length of
the conductor, and v is the applied voltage.
For an ideal DC machine in steady state condition, electrical power is equal to the
mechanical power, but it should be noted that practically the voltage across the terminal
is different from the electromotive force due to the voltage drop across the armature
resistance; and the torque on the shaft is different from the torque due to mechanical
friction. The DC machine is a dual side energy converter; therefore, the mechanical
power in the air-gap is equal to the electrical power:
𝝉𝒅 ∗ 𝝎 = 𝑬 ∗ 𝑰𝑨
Where E is the electromotive force, 𝜔 is the angular speed (rad/s), τd is the torque (Nm),
and IA is the armature current (A). The power in the air-gap only represents the
reversible part of the energy i.e. electromechanical energy conversion.
8.4 DC SHUNT MOTOR
A1 A2
E1 E2
DELORENZO
Main Winding: Armature (A1, A2)

Shunt Winding: Excitation (E1, E2)
Figure 8-1: Operating data of shunt DC motor
8.4.1 MEASURING THE WINDING RESISTANCE:

Before proceeding to perform the experiment, it should be borne in mind that this
experiment is to be performed in DC conditions and on steady state machine i.e. to
operate with cold machine. Among several other possible methods available, we will
follow the voltamperometric method, as it is very convenient. When efficiency is to be
calculated, it is necessary to consider the field resistance, and for taking into account,
the effects of non-uniform distribution of the current in the armature conductors, the
contact losses of brushes and resistance of the auxiliary winding in armature circuit,
measurement of armature winding resistance is sufficient. Calculate the resistance of
the following windings from your measurements as done in the previous experiments.
8.4.2 FIELD WINDING
Ammeter (A) Voltmeter (V) Resistance (Ω) Resistance m (Ω)
8.4.3 ARMATURE WINDING

VARIABLE DC OUTPUT
+ -
A1 A2
M
+ -
A E1 E2 V
DELORENZO
Figure 8-2: Measuring the Winding Resistance of Shunt DC Motor (Armature)
VARIABLE DC OUTPUT
+ -
A1 A2
M
V A E1 E2
DELORENZO DELORENZO
Excitation
Rheostat
Figure 8-3: Measuring the Winding Resistance of Shunt DC Motor (Excitation)

8.4.4 NO-LOAD SPEED
Supply both the windings with the rated voltage and measure the no-load (rated) speed
of the motor. Increase the load and measure the speed. Is there any effect on the speed?
If yes, then explain it ?
8.4.5 OBSERVATIONS
S. No Supply Voltage Speed Torque
8.4.6 HOW TO VARY TORQUE SPEED CHARACTERISTICS?

There are two methods for this test:
• Changing field resistance (RF should not be infinity).
• Changing armature resistance.
Choose an appropriate amount of torque on the motor and keep it fixed for this
experiment. After that, apply each of the above methods and observe if there is any
effect in the speed of the motor. Comment on your results in the light of the theory.
8.4.7 OBSERVATIONS
S. No Supply Voltage Armature current Armature resistance speed

8.5 DC SERIES MOTOR
A1 A2
D1 D2
DELORENZO
Main Winding: Armature (A1, A2)

Series Winding: Excitation (D1, D2)
Figure 8-4: Operating data of series DC motor
CARE: Load should always be connected to the motor in this case.
Here we examine the speed control by varying the terminal voltage under the same
load as was in the previous case. Keep the load fixed for the whole experiment.
Comment on your experiment results considering the theory of a DC series

motor for speed control.
8.5.1 OBSERVATIONS
S. No Voltage (VT) Speed (rpm) Armature current (A) Load (N-m)


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Lab - 9: Operation of DC Compound Motor
as Compound Excitation DC Motor
(Additive Series and Deductive
Series)
9.1 OBJECTIVE
To understand the operating principles of DC Compound Motor.
Ammeter 2
Voltmeter 1
Components Quantity
DC Compound Motor DL10220 1
Electromagnetic Brake 1
Supplies Quantity

9.3 CONNECTIONS FOR COMPOUND EXCITATION DC MOTOR ADDITIVE
SERIES

9.4 CONNECTIONS FOR COMPOUND EXCITATION DC MOTOR DEDUCTIVE
SERIES

9.5 PROCEDURE
After the set up of the motor under test and of the braking make all the connections in accordance
with the diagrams and set the commands as follows
Variable Direct current output: Open switch
Output with about 40V
Variable Direct current output Open switch

(excitation) Variator fullycounter-clockwise rotated.
Excitation Resistance Min. Resistance
Starting Resistance Max. Resistance
2. Set the main switch ON and acting on variac, adjust the power supply to the exact value shown
on motor plate.
3. Gradually Switch Ra OFF.
4. Acting on Re, adjust the speed to exactly the rated value.
5. Increase the load by acting on brake in steps and take the instruments readings at each step.

9.6 OBSERVATIONS
COMPOUND EXCITATION COMPOUND EXCITATION

ADDITIVE SERIES DEDUCTIVE SERIES
Ia N Ia N
(A) (rpm) (A) (rpm)


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Lab - 10: Study of Magnetization
characteristics of three phase
synchronous generator
10.1 OBJECTIVE
• To understand the effect of excitation current on terminal voltage of three phase
synchronous generator
• Also to study the relationship between frequency and rotating speed of the machine.
Analog Ammeter 2
Analog Voltmeter 2
Frequency meter 1
Mechanical Measurement unit 1
Excitation rheostat 1
Starting rheostat 1
Components Quantity
Synchronous Generator- DL 10190 1
Supplies Quantity
10.3 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS

10.3.1 MEASURING THE WINDING RESISTANCE
First of all, measure the winding resistance as you have done in your previous
experiments. Follow the connections in figure 11.1 for measuring resistance of
armature winding, and figure 11.2 for measuring resistance of excitation winding.
10.3.2 EXCITATION WINDING

VARIABLE DC OUTPUT
(EXCITATION)
+ -
W2 U2 V2
- -
+ +
U1 V1 W1
A V
F1 F2
DELORENZO
Figure 10-1: Synchronous Generator - measuring resistance of excitation winding
10.3.3 ARMATURE WINDING

VARIABLE DC OUTPUT
(EXCITATION)
+ -
W2 U2 V2
A
U1 V1 W1
F1 F2
V
DELORENZO DELORENZO
Starting Rheostat
Figure 10-2: Synchronous Generator - measuring resistance of armature winding
10.4 CONNECTIONS
Figure 10-3: Synchronous Generator – connections setup

10.5 PROCEDURE
After the set up of the generator under test and of the driving motor (Prime mover) make all the
connections in accordance with the diagrams and set the commands as follows
Variable Direct current output: Open switch
Variable Direct current output Open switch

(excitation) Variator fully counter-clockwise rotated.
Excitation Resistance Min. Resistance
Starting Resistance Max. Resistance
2. Start the driving motor and adjust the speed to rated speed of alternator by acting on excitation
rheostat
3. Activate the DC excitation for the generator
4. Gradually increase the excitation in steps up to 20% over the rated value and take the reading
from meters at each step
5. Turn off the generator’s excitation and stop the motor.
6. Switch ff the main supply module.
10.6 DATA/OBSERVATIONS
Reading V2 (V) f (Hz) N (rpm)

IF (A)
Number (output of generator)
1
2
3
4
5
Table 10-1


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only with
recorded and complete but partially complete.
considerable
CLO-2 PLO-5 presented accurately accuracy is not as The required
assistance
and completely in the per requirement. format is followed
from
required format The required but with few
instructor
format is followed. deficiencies.
Analyzes and Analyzes data Unable to
Analyzes and interprets data correctly however analyze and
interprets data correctly for few unable to interpret interpret data
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tasks/ it for tasks/ for any tasks/
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Lab - 11: Paralleling Lab’s Alternator with
Three-Phase Network (WAPDA
Grid)
11.1 OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this experiment is to parallel the electric machine lab’s alternator with
the three-phase network and to verify the exchange of the active and reactive power.
Analog Ammeter 1
Analog Voltmeter 2
Components Quantity
Synchronous Generator 1
Supplies Quantity
11.3 PROCEDURE
When the power supply is set, perform the following operations (refer to Figure 12.1):
1. Set the controls of the modules as follows:

• Select VARIABLE DC OUTPUT, turn the switch ON and rotate the voltage-control
knob fully counter-clockwise.
• Switch ON the FIXED THREE-PHASE OUTPUT.
• Set VARIABLE DC OUTPUT regulated with about 50 V.
• Switch ON the VARIABLE DC OUTPUT (excitation) with the voltage control knob
rotated fully counter-clockwise.
• Switch ON the PARALLEL BOARD.
2. Close the switch on fixed three-phase module and control the voltage value of
network, Close the switch of variable DC output and regulate the knob so that the
output voltage of the alternator is near to the network value. Adjust the speed so
that the set rotate with a speed close to the rated one. Then control the network
frequency. Adjust the alternator excitation so that the output voltage is equal to the
network.
3. Observe the lamps HI -H2 -H3; you will note that they turn on and off following a
time progression that gives the impression of "rotating" lights. Make this rotation
very slow acting on the motor excitation by the knob of the excitation rheostat.

4. Close the switch (position ON) on Parallel board when H1 turns off and H2-H3 show
the same luminance to do the paralleling of the alternator.
5. If the operations have been correctly performed, the alternator will perfectly
balance the network and the instruments inserted between alternator and network
point out that there isn't any power exchange.
6. Verify the real power exchange between alternator and network.

• Slowly increase the excitation of the driving motor "trying" to increase the
rotation speed of the set. Note that the speed remains perfectly unchanged while
the real power is flowing from the alternator to the network.
• Now decrease the excitation of the driving motor "trying" to decrease the
rotation speed of the set. Note that the speed remains perfectly unchanged while
the output power and} at a certain point, it becomes zero as in the instant of
paralleling.
• Decreasing again the excitation of the driving motor, you note a new exchange of
real power from the network to the alternator, that is therefore operating as
synchronous motor
7. Verify the reactive power exchange between alternator and network. Again return
to the paralleling condition zero setting current and power between network and
alternator by excitation of the driving motor. Now slowly act to either decrease or
increase the alternator's excitation. Verify that the output voltage does not change.
On the contrary a new reactive power exchange rises between alternator and
network.
8. Open the switch to stop the set.

OVER
SPEED
PROTECTION
VARIABLE DC OUTPUT VARIABLE DC OUTPUT K1
+ - + -
Electric Machines Lab

Parallel Board
A1 A2
M
D1 D2
V
E1 E2
DELORENZO
Starting Rheostat
DELORENZO
Wb A1 Wa
Main Frequency
DELORENZO
W2 U2 V2
Optical
Speed
Transducer
K2 U1 V1 W1 A2
Figure 11-1: Paralleling lab’s alternator with three-phase network

DELORENZO RPM
F1 F2
K1 K2
Electronic Tachometer
DELORENZO
Page 72

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All required data is Data recorded
complete but partially
recorded and presented only with
accuracy is not as complete. The
CLO-2 PLO-5 accurately and considerable
per requirement. required format
completely in the assistance from
The required is followed but
required format instructor
format is with few
Analyzes data
correctly
however unable
CLO-3 PLO-4 to interpret it for
tasks/ experiments in the tasks/ for any tasks/
tasks/
lab experiments in the experiments in
experiments in
lab the lab
the lab
Demonstrates
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sound compliance related
compliance with related following related
CLO-4 PLO-6 with related practices of
practices of safety and practices of
practices of safety safety and
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incomplete
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knowledge of the topic by topic by of the topic by
responding precisely to responding responding
responding
all questions precisely to all accurately to all
inaccurately to
questions questions
all questions

Lab – 12: Open Ended Lab
12.1 OBJECTIVE
To make a joint project within lab addressing a real life task/problem using all the available
apparatus/machines in the lab.
12.2 PRE-LAB READING

All the Labs that has been done.
12.3 EXERCISE
To be announced on spot or in previous lab.


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apparatus with
handle the apparatus with minimal help apparatus
some help
Data recorded
Data recorded and and presented is
All required data is Data recorded
presented is complete partially
recorded and only with
but accuracy is not as complete. The
CLO-2 PLO-5 presented accurately considerable
per requirement. The required format
and completely in the assistance from
required format is is followed but
required format instructor
followed. with few
deficiencies.
Analyzes data
correctly
Analyzes and interprets data analyze and
however unable
interprets data correctly for few interpret data
correctly for all tasks/ tasks/ for any tasks/
for tasks/
experiments in the lab experiments in the experiments in
experiments in
lab the lab
the lab
Demonstrates
shortfalls in Does not follows
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following related
complete compliance compliance with
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with related practices related practices of
practices of safety and
of safety and health. safety and health.
safety and health.
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Demonstrates
Demonstrates
Demonstrates Demonstrates incomplete
some knowledge
extensive knowledge knowledge of the knowledge of
of the topic by
CLO-6 PLO-9 of the topic by topic by responding the topic by
responding
responding precisely precisely to all responding
accurately to all
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Electric Machines Lab Manual (2020)

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Electric Machines Lab Manual (2020)

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Student Name: ______________________________

Registration No.: _____________________________

(Revised Lab Manual, August 20, 2020)

Faculty of Electrical Engineering Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of

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Lab - 10: Study of Magnetization characteristics of three phase synchronous generator

11.1 Objective ............................................................................................................. 70

Lab – 12: Open Ended Lab ............................................................................................. 78

12.1 Objective ........................................................................................................... 78

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EE313L Electrical Machines Lab

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Ch 1: Key general switch - Emergency push-button

Single Phase load connection with measurement unit

1.4.3 CONNECTING LOAD IN ‘DELTA’

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1.5 POWER TRIANGLE

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EE313L Electrical Machines Lab

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Single Phase Transformer

2.4 MEASURING WINDING RESISTANCE

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2. Connect the high voltage winding to the L+/L- terminals.

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Winding Ammeter (A) Voltmeter (V) Rx (Ω) Rxm (Ω)

2.5 MEASURING TRANSFORMATION RATIO

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PRIMARY SECONDARY TRANSFORMATION

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VDQ VOLTAGE (V) VQq VOLTAGE (V) NOTES

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EE313L Electrical Machines Lab

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The secondary of the transformer is left open-circuited. A wattmeter is connected to the

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3.4 SHORT-CIRCUIT TEST

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EE313L Electrical Machines Lab

CLOS PLOs Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Score

Instructor Signature: _________________

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EE313L Electrical Machines Lab

CLOS PLOs Excellent Good Satisfactory Poor Score

Instructor Signature: _________________