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PREVIEW

Phase1 - Introduction
Phase2 - Aim
Phase3 - Definition of 3G
Phase4 - History
Phase5 - 3G
Phase6 - Future Technologies
Phase7 - Conclusion
Phase8 - Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

1. In this age of technology where whole world is shrinking, access to

information and speed of access are critical to outcome of any work. Mobile
communication is one of the major sources of fast access and exchange of
information.

2. Mobile communication is a rapidly advancing field. Everyday new

technologies are coming. Thus it becomes imperative for us to understand
the latest advancements in this field for optimum utilization to increase our
efficiency.

AIM

3. To acquaint the class with 3G and its contemporaries.

DEFINITION

4. 3G is a wireless data standard that has been developed and agreed

upon by wireless infrastructure and equipment manufacturers.3G
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encompasses a group of technologies that are all aimed at bringing high

speed data transfers to mobile electronic devices. Many of the original 3G
technologies have been built on W-CDMA (Wide band Code Division
Multiple Access) and TD-CDMA (Time Division Code Division Multiple
Access) radio technologies. But, there has been great success using the
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
(ETSI) standardized, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication).

HISTORY

5. 3 G refers to the third generation of developments in

wireless technology, especially mobile communications. The third
generation, as its name suggests, follows the first generation (1G) and
second generation (2G) in wireless communications.

(a) 1 G The first generation period began in the late 1970s and
lasted through the1980s. These systems featured the first true mobile
phone systems, known at first as
"cellular mobile radio telephone." These networks used analog voice
signalling, and were little more sophisticated than the repeater
networks used by amateur radio operators. This was used only for
talking.

(b) 2 G The second generation phase began in the 1990s and much
of this technology is still in use.
The 2G cell phone features digital voice encoding. Examples include
CDMA and GSM. Since its inception, 2G technology has steadily
improved, with increased bandwidth, packet routing, and the
introduction of multimedia. This was used for multimedia and SMS.
Three primary benefits of 2G networks :
(i) Phone conversations were digitally encrypted.
(ii) More efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater
mobile phone penetration levels.
(iii) Introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS
text messages.
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6. FROM 2G TO 3G
(a) 2G to 2.5G : GPRS(General Packet Radio Service)
Providing data rates from 56 kbit/s up to 114 kbit/s.
Used for : Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access, Short
Message Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),
email and World Wide Web access.

(b) 2.5G to 2.75G : EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM

Evolution) networks.
8PSK encoding.
Used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet, video
and other multimedia.

(c) 2.75G to 3G: UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication

Systems) networks .
3G Bandwidth 5 MHz .

3G

7. 3G technology is the latest in mobile communications. 3G stands for

"third generation" - this makes analog cellular technology generation one
and digital/PCS generation two. 3G technology is intended for the true
multimedia cell phone - typically called smart phones - and features
increased bandwidth and transfer rates to accommodate Web-based
applications and phone-based audio and video files.
3G comprises several cellular access technologies. The three most common
ones as of 2005 are:
(a) CDMA2000 - based on 2G Code Division Multiple Access
(b) WCDMA (UMTS) - Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
(c) TD-SCDMA - Time-division Synchronous Code-division Multiple
Access

8. 3G networks have potential transfer speeds of up to 3 Mbps (about 15

seconds to download a 3-minuteMP3 song). For comparison, the fastest 2G
phones can achieve up to 144Kbps (about 8 minutes to download a 3-minute
song). 3G's high data rates are ideal for downloading information from the
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internet and sending and receiving large, multimedia files. 3G phones are
like mini-laptops and can accommodate broadband applications like video
conferencing, receiving streaming video from the Web, sending and
receiving faxes and instantly downloading e-mail messages with
attachments.

9. The first pre-commercial 3G network was launched by NTT

DoCoMo in Japan branded FOMA, in May 2001.The first commercial US
3G network was by Monet Mobile Networks in 2003.In 2008, India entered
into 3G Mobile arena with the launch of 3G enabled Mobile services by
(MTNL). The first Private-sector service provider that launched 3G services
is Tata DoCoMo, on November 5, 2010. And the second is by Reliance
Communications, December 13, 2010. Bharti Airtel launched their 3G
services on 24 January, 2011 in Bangalore. Other providers like Vodafone,
Idea and Aircel are expected to launch 3G services by Q1 2011.

SPECTRUM

10. The bandwidth of a radio signal is defined as being the difference

between the upper and lower frequencies of the signal. For example, in the
case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 300 hertz (Hz) and a
maximum frequency of 3,300 Hz, the bandwidth is 3,000 Hz (3 KHz).

11. The amount of bandwidth needed for 3G services could be as much as

15-20 MHz. Compare this with the bandwidth of 30-200 KHz used for
current 2G communication and you can see that there is as much as a 500-
fold increase in the amount of bandwidth required.

12. The telecoms operators have to buy 3G spectrum from governments

around the world, and those governments - realising that they own a
precious, valuable resource - have sought to sell that spectrum at the highest
possible price.
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CAPABILITIES

13. Capabilities of 3G systems are:

(a) Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, and remote control).

(b) Usability on all popular modes (cellular telephone, e-mail,

paging, fax, videoconferencing, and Web browsing).

(c) Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2 Mbps).

(d) Universal roaming.

APPLICATIONS

14. The bandwidth and location information available to 3G devices gives

rise to applications not previously available to mobile phone users. Some of
the applications are:
(a) Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the
subscriber's phone where it can be watched.
(b) Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the
subscriber's phone.
(c) Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to
each other.
(d) Tele-medicine – a medical provider monitors or provides
advice to the potentially isolated subscriber.
(e) Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather
or traffic conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber
to find nearby businesses or friends.
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LIMITATIONS

15. Following are disadvantages:

(a) More Cost for connection
(b) Separate 3G Cell phones are needed
(c) 3G Cell phones are more cost when compared to 2G cell
phones.

4G

16. In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation

of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G and 2G families of
standards. Speed requirements for 4G service set the peak download speed at
100 Mbit/s for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars)
and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and
stationary users).

17. A 4G system is expected to provide a comprehensive and secure all-

IP based mobile broadband solution to laptop computer wireless
modems, smart phones, and other mobile devices. Facilities such as ultra-
broadband Internet access, IP telephony, gaming services, and streamed
multimedia may be provided to users.

18. Pre-4G technologies such as mobile WiMAX and first-release

3G Long term evolution (LTE) have been on the market since 2006[ and
2009 respectively, and are often branded as 4G. The current versions of
these technologies did not fulfill the original ITU-R requirements of data
rates approximately up to 1 Gbit/s for 4G systems. Marketing materials use
4G as a description for Mobile-WiMAX and LTE in their current forms.
One of the most notable advanced applications for 4G
systems is location based services.4G location applications would be based
on visualized, virtual navigation schemes that would support a remote
database containing graphical representations of streets, buildings, and other
physical characteristics of a large metropolitan area.

19. This database could be accessed by a subscriber in a

moving vehicle equipped with the appropriate wireless device, which would
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provide the platform on which would appear a virtual representation of the

environment ahead.For example, one would be able to see the internal layout
of a building during an emergency rescue. This type of application
is sometimes referred to as "Telegeoprocessing", which is a combination of
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning
Systems (GPS) working in concert over a high-capacity wireless mobile
system.

20. Telegeoprocessing over 4G networks will make it

possible for the public safety community to have wireless operational
functionality and specialized applications for everyday operations, as well as
for crisis management.

CONTEMPORARIES

21. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is

a telecommunications protocol that provides fixed and mobile Internet
access. The current WiMAX revision provides up to 40 Mbit/s with
the IEEE 802.16m update expected to offer up to 1 Gbit/s fixed speeds. The
name "WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in
June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The
forum describes WiMAX as "a standards-based technology enabling the
delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and
DSL".

CONCLUSION

22. Wireless systems becoming an important infrastructure in our society.

A virtual global system is a good solution that can efficiently connect many
dedicated wireless systems including 2G to 4G cellular systems, wireless
LAN, broadcasting systems, etc.It provides a platform for convergence of all
communications and data transfer which can be used for improvements in all
spheres of life, be it day to day chores or crisis management or military
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applications. It is necessary to develop a common platform for technology

that will be palatable for general public.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• www.wikipedia.com
• www.3gpp.org
• www.3gpp2.org
• www.3gtoday.com
• J. Schiller, “Mobile Communications”, Addison Wesley, 2000
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3G AND
CONTEMPORARIES

GENERAL AWARENESS
PRESENTATION

DIRECTING STAFF SUBMITTED BY

Lt Col Praveen Kumar Capt Rahul Samyal