R.

SHANMUGAPRIYA
V.ARAVINDH(9915014002)
M.SHANMUGAPRIYA
P.V.SIBBI
V.ARAVINDH(9915014013)
P.RAMYA
• LEED project certification - provides
independent, third-party verification that a
building project meets the highest green
building and performance measures
• United States Green Building
Council (USGBC) issued a set of
guidelines in 2000
• LEED Professional Accreditation -
building professionals with the knowledge
and skills to successfully steward the
LEED certification process
• Sustainable Building and
Construction Initiative (SBCI) was
launched by the United Nations
Environment Program (UNEP) in
February 2006
 What is LEED?
• LEED is an acronym for Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design. It is an internationally recognized
green building rating system developed by U.S. Green
Building Council.
• LEED is intended to provide building owners and operators
a concise framework for identifying and implementing
practical and measurable green building design,
construction, operations and maintenance solutions.
The features of LEED are:

• LEED provides third party verification that a building or

community is
designed, built and operated in a sustainable way.
• Voluntary certification system.
• Developed on consensus based approach.
 LEED rating systems are developed based
on a triple bottom line (3Ps):

• Social Responsibility (People) - Better living conditions for people

• Environmental Stewardship (Planet) - Less impact on environment
• Economic Prosperity (Profit) - Reduce the Life Cycle cost of building

Triple bottom line

 Various LEED Rating Systems - LEED
Rating System families :

There are five 5 families of LEED Rating system as explained.

Each of these rating systems is applicable to different project
typologies as explained. There are 21 LEED adoptions in
LEED V4.
Adoption of LEED Rating system for
different project typologies:
 Buildings
• In the United States alone, buildings account for:
– 65% of electricity consumption
– 36% of energy use
– 39% of greenhouse gas emissions
– 30% of raw materials use
– 30% of waste output (136 million tons annually)
– 12% of potable water consumption

• Buildings are one of the heaviest consumers of natural

resources
• Factors that are expediting the growth of green building:
– Unprecedented level of government initiatives
– Heightened residential demand for green construction
– Improvements in sustainable materials
Green Building by the Numbers
• The value of green building construction is
expected to exceed $12 billion in 2008 and
is projected to increase to $60 billion by
2010.
• The construction market accounts for
14.2% of the $10 trillion U.S. GDP
• The construction market involves a
workforce of 120 million people
• The three largest segments for
nonresidential green building construction
(office, education and health care) will
account for more than 80% of total
nonresidential green construction in 2008.
 Benefits of Green Building
• Environmental
benefits:
– Enhance and protect
ecosystems and
biodiversity

– Improve air and water

quality

– Reduce solid waste

– Conserve natural
resources
 Benefits of Green Building
• Economic benefits:
– Reduce operating costs

– Enhance asset value and

profits

– Improve employee
productivity and
satisfaction

– Optimize life-cycle
economic performance
 Benefits of Green Building
• Health and community
benefits:
– Improve air, thermal, and
acoustic environments
– Enhance occupant comfort
and health
– Minimize strain on local
infrastructure
– Contribute to overall
quality of life
 What will green cost?
• The most common reason for not incorporating green
elements into building designs is the increase in first cost
• Reasonable levels of sustainable design can be
incorporated into most building types at little or no
additional cost.
• Sustainable materials and systems are becoming more
affordable, sustainable design elements are becoming
widely accepted in the mainstream of project design, and
building owners and tenants are beginning to demand
and value those features.
• However, advanced or innovative sustainable features
can add significantly to the cost of a project and must be
valued independently to ensure that they are cost-
and/or environmentally effective.
 What will green cost?
• The cost for incorporating sustainable design elements
will depend greatly on a wide range of factors, including
building type, project location, local climate, site
conditions, and the familiarity of the project team with
sustainable design.
– In most cases, these factors have a relatively small
but still noticeable impact on the overall cost of
sustainability.
– Cumulatively, however, they can make quite a
difference

• There can be no single answer to the question, but it is

easier to answer the question “What will green cost me
on my project?”
 LEED for Building Design and Construction:
LEED BD+C: New Construction
Commercial occupancies, Institutional occupancies (museum,
Church) and high -rise residential buildings i.e. residential buildings
with nine and more habitable stories.
LEED BD+C: Core & Shell
Projects where developer has no control over the tenant fit out
(shopping malls, commercial buildings, warehouses etc.).
LEED BD+C: Schools
Academic buildings of K-12 schools shall qualify for LEED BD+C:
Schools Non-academic buildings of schools, post-secondary
academic
buildings and pre- kinder garden buildings may also qualify either for
LEED BD+C: Schools or LEED BD+C:NC as per project team’s
decision.
LEED BD+C: Health Care
Inpatient and outpatient health care facilities Licensed long-term health care
facilities. Medical offices, assisted living facilities and medical education and
research centres.
LEED BD+C: Retail
Retail building projects like banks, restaurants, apparel, electronics,
big box etc.
LEED BD+C: Data Centres
Specifically designed and equipped to meet the needs of high density
computing equipment such as server racks used for data storage and
processing.
LEED BD+C: Hospitality
Buildings dedicated to hotels, motels, inns, or other businesses
within the service industry that provide transitional or short-term
lodging with or without food.
LEED BD+C: Warehouse and Distribution Centres
Buildings used to store goods, manufactured products, merchandise,
raw materials or personal belongings
 LEED for Homes:
LEED Homes: Homes and Multifamily Low-rise
Single family housing Low rise multifamily housing (up to 3
habitable stories)
LEED Homes: Multifamily Midrise
Multi-family residential buildings of 4 to 8 habitable stories
above
grade.
 LEED for Interior Design and
Construction:
LEED ID+C: Retail
Retail interior projects like banks, restaurants, apparel,
electronics, big box etc.
LEED ID+C: Hospitality
Interior spaces dedicated to hotels, motels, inns, or other
businesses within the service industry that provide
transitional or short-term lodging with or without food.
LEED ID+C: Commercial Interiors
Applicable for tenant spaces excluding retail and hospitality
projects.
 LEED for Operations and Maintenance:

LEED O+M: Existing Buildings:

Applicable for existing buildings for sustainable operation and
maintenance of the building.
Shall also cover system upgrades, minor space -use change.
LEED O+M: Retail
Existing buildings that are used to conduct the retail sale of
consumer product goods. Includes both direct customer
service areas (showroom) and preparation or storage areas
that support customer service.
LEED O+M: Schools
Academic buildings of K-12 schools. Can also be used for
higher
education and non-academic buildings on school campuses.
LEED O+M: Hospitality:
Existing hotels, motels, inns, or other businesses within the
service
industry that provide transitional or short-term lodging with or
without food.
LEED O+M: Data Centres:
Existing buildings specifically designed and equipped to meet
the
needs of high density computing equipment such as server
racks,
used for data storage and processing.
LEED O+M: Warehouse and Distribution Centres:
Existing buildings used to store goods, manufactured
products,
merchandise, raw materials, or personal belongings (such as
self
storage).
 LEED for Neighbourhood
Development:
LEED ND: Plan:
Projects in conceptual planning or master
planning phases, or under construction.
LEED ND: Build Project
Applicable for completed development
projects.
 LEED for Homes
• LEED for Homes Checklist
• 8 categories:
– Innovation and Design
Process (ID)
– Location and Linkages (LL)
– Sustainable Sites (SS)
– Water Efficiency (WE)
– Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
– Materials and Resources (MR)
– Indoor Environmental Air
Quality (EQ)
– Awareness and Education
(AE)
• Rating:
– Certified: 45-59
– Silver: 60-74
– Gold: 75-89
– Platinum: 90-136
• Initiative for Affordable Housing
 LEED for New Construction
• LEED-NC Rating System is designed to guide and distinguish
high-performance commercial and institutional projects
• Includes office buildings, high-rise residential buildings,
government buildings, recreational facilities, manufacturing
plants, and laboratories
• Rating:
– Certified: 26-32 points
– Silver: 33-38 points
– Gold: 39-51 points
– Platinum: 52-69 points

• LEED-New Construction (NC) buildings are delivering

anticipated energy savings
• LEED energy use is 25-30% better than the national average
 LEED for Existing Buildings
• The LEED for Existing Buildings
Rating System helps building
owners and operators measure
operations, improvements and
maintenance on a consistent scale,
with the goal of maximizing
operational efficiency while
minimizing environmental impacts

• Addresses whole-building cleaning and maintenance issues

(including chemical use), recycling programs, exterior
maintenance programs, and systems upgrades

• It can be applied both to existing buildings seeking LEED

certification for the first time and to projects previously
certified under LEED for New Construction or Core & Shell
 LEED for Commercial Interiors
• LEED for Commercial Interiors
is the green benchmark for the
tenant improvement market
(office, retail, and institutional
buildings)
• Tenants who lease their space
or do not occupy the entire
building can LEED certify their
space as a green interior
• Benefits:
– Healthy, productive places to work
– Less costly to operate and maintain
– Have a reduced environmental
footprint
 LEED for Core & Shell
•Core and shell covers base building
elements such as structure, envelope
and the HVAC system
•Core and shell covers base building
elements such as structure, envelope
and the HVAC system
• Complementary to the LEED for
Commercial Interiors rating system
• Acknowledges the limitations of
developers in a speculatively developed
building and encourages the
implementation of green design and
construction practices in areas over which
the developer has control
• Developers can often implement green
strategies that indirectly benefit future
tenants. Conversely, developers can
inadvertently implement strategies
that prohibit tenants from executing green
fit-outs
• Works to set up a synergistic relationship,
which allows future tenants to capitalize
on green strategies implemented by the
developer
 LEED for Schools
• Recognizes the unique nature
of school spaces and children’s
health issues

• Addresses issues such as

classroom acoustics, master
planning, mold prevention and
environmental site assessment

• Green schools are productive

learning environments with
ample natural light, high-quality
acoustics and air that is safe to
breathe

• Green schools nurture children

while saving money
LEED for Retail
• LEED for Retail is in Pilot

• Recognizes the unique nature

of the retail environment and
addresses the different types
of spaces that retailers need
for their distinctive product
lines.

• USGBC and over 80 Pilot

project teams are
collaborating to create two
new rating systems:
– LEED for Retail: New
Construction
– LEED for Retail: Commercial
Interiors
LEED for Healthcare
• Developed to meet the unique needs of
the health care market, including
inpatient care facilities, licensed
outpatient care facilities, and licensed
long term care facilities

• It may also be used for medical offices,

assisted living facilities and medical
education & research centers

• Addresses issues such as increased

sensitivity to chemicals and pollutants,
traveling distances from parking facilities,
and access to natural spaces

• Represents a culmination of four years

of close collaboration between the
Green Guide for Healthcare (GGHC)
and USGBC.
 LEED for Neighborhood
Development
• The LEED for Neighborhood
Development Rating System is
currently in its pilot period

• It integrates the principles of smart

growth, urbanism and green building
into the first national system for
neighborhood design

• Purposes:
– Reduce urban sprawl
– Encourage healthy living
– Protect threatened species

• A collaboration among USGBC, the

Congress for the New Urbanism and
the Natural Resources Defense
Council
 Federal/State Requirements
• The system is rapidly
spreading – federal
departments and agencies and
state and local governments
are adopting LEED as a
guideline or are adopting other
LEED incentives
• The federal government now
requires that new official
buildings above a certain size
be LEED-certified
• Several cities have adopted
similar measures
- LEED was a step in the
right direction
- Created a national
standard, providing
reliable information, a
rigorous rating system,
and a checklist for going
green

- However, there are

serious problems
• System is easy to manipulate

• Focus on points, not environmental

benefits
– points game
– get the PR benefits of a green project
without actually having the most
environmentally friendly building
- a $395 bike rack and a multimillion-dollar
low-energy A.C. system both get one point

• Basic certification is too low a hurdle to

merit the green stamp of approval
– developers can rack up the minimum
number of needed points without going
much beyond the requirements
• System does not consider
regional differences
– Water conservation is more
important in some areas

• Neglects the importance of a

building’s life cycle

• Location is not emphasized

enough

• No penalties for non-

compliance after certification
• Developers have to bring in many
consultants and reviewers to approve each
step

• Can significantly raise building costs

• The USGBC's fees for registration range

from $750 to $3,750, and certification runs
from $1,500 to $7,500, depending on the
size of the building.

• The big costs come in the form of energy

modeling, commissioning, and other
requirements of certification; these can run
into the tens of thousands of dollars,
according to architects and developers
• Many reports incorrectly state that green building
and LEED certification in particular does not cost
more than conventional building
• Green building costs more than conventional
construction
– LEED certification typically adds 1-5% to the budget
– The myth that going green costs nothing is damaging
to clients who discover the reality of the process
– The danger is that LEED certification could eat away
funds that could otherwise be used to improve a
building
• The idea behind LEED is a
worthy goal, there have just
been problems in the
execution
• LEED does not guarantee
energy efficiency
• Some critics argue that the
basic certification is too low a
hurdle to merit the green
stamp of approval –
developers can rack up the
minimum number of needed
points without going much
beyond the requirements
• Shift the focus from points to environmental
benefits:
– Make more critical credits mandatory (energy efficiency)

• If the cost of LEED continues to go up, then ppl will

stop seeking LEED certification
– Provide for additional cost cuts

• The USGBC is working to address member

concerns and refine LEED while broadening it to
cover more types of building projects

• LEED in an ongoing project, constantly being

revised and approved upon