ROOTS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS

Department of International Qualifications

Head Office: Building 66, St: 7, H- 8/4 , Islamabad: www.rootsinternational.edu.pk

INTERNAL EXAMINATIONS
International General Certificate for Secondary Education
Terminal Examination January 2021 (IGCSE-II)

Candidate
Name

Centre Candidate
Number Number

Branch: ___________________________ Date: ______________________

The History and Culture of Pakistan 0448/01

Jan 2021
1 hr. 30min
Additional Material: Answer Sheet Total marks:75

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the FOR EXAMINER’S USE
work you hand in. Max. Marks
Questions
Write in dark blue or black pen. Marks Obtained
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or rough working. 25
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters and glue or correction 25
fluid.
25
Answer three questions.
Section A Total 75
Answer Question 1. Percentage
Section B Grade
Answer any two questions.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely
together.
The number of marks are given in brackets [ ] at the end of each
question or part question.

This document consists of 3 printed pages

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 2

Section A

Answer the following question.

1 This question is about the East India Company and its relationship with the
subcontinent in the eighteenth an nineteenth centuries.
Study the sources (Insert) carefully and then answer the questions which follow.
(a) According to Source A, why did many people die at Fort William in 1756? [3]
(b) What can we learn from Source B about famine in the subcontinent during British
control? [5]
(c) Explain why Robert Clive was successful in the Battle of Plassey in 1757. [7]
(d) Was an absence in leadership the main reason why the war of independence failed
in 1857? Explain your answer. [10]
[Total: 25]

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Section B
Answer any two questions from this Section
2. (a)Who was Mir Qasim? [4]
(b)Explain why Britain was able to expand into the subcontinent between 1750
and 1850. . [7]
(c) Were the policies of Aurangzeb the main reason for the decline of the
Mughal Empire? Explain your answer. [14]
[Total: 25]

3. (a)Who was General Dyer? [4]

(b)Explain why the Khilafat Movement ended in 1924. [7]
(c)How successful was the 1905 Partition of Bengal?Explain your answer.[14]
[Total: 25]

4. (a) Describe the refugee crisis of 1947. [4]

(b) Why did educational reform become such an important issue between
1947 and 1999? [7]
(c) In which of the following did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto have most success?
(i) reform and control of the armed forces
(ii) constitutional reform
(iii) education and health reforms
Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. [14]
[Total: 25]

5. (a) What was the Eighth Amendment? [4]

(b) Explain why Benazir Bhutto’s government ended in 1996. [7]
(c) How successful was Pakistan in its relationship with China between 1947 and
1999? Give reasons for your answer. [14]
[Total: 25]

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SOURCE A
Fort William, Calcutta, 1756
On the evening of 20 June, some 64 prisoners including two women and several
wounded soldiers were marched at sword point to the filthy dungeon at Fort
William. This was a little cell, measuring 18 feet by 14 feet 10 inches, designed
for no more than three petty criminals. The heat at this time of year was
suffocating. Prisoners trampled on each other to get nearer one of the two tiny
windows or to the small amount of water they had been left. Their guards
mocked them as the prisoners gasped for air and pleaded for mercy. At 6 am the
next morning, when the door was opened, dead bodies were piled up inside.

Adapted from an essay in History Today, 2006

SOURCE B
Famine in the subcontinent

A print of a contemporary engraving showing the distribution of relief

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