effects of alcohol consumption to the academic performance of college students

LOCAL LITERATURE
AdiRonena
Hadas AlexRabinovichSch DavidShina wartzChassidim RachelBa
PninaGershonaYisraelParmetaabYairCassutoara
(2017) https://www.sciencedirect.com

7 healthy men and 5 healthy women, ages 24-29, all recreational users of alcohol
and marijuana, completed 5 experimental sessions. Sessions included: drinking
and smoking placebo, drinking alcohol and smoking placebo, drinking placebo
and smoking THC, drinking alcohol and smoking THC, drinking placebo and
smoking placebo 24 hours after drinking alcohol and smoking THC. Three types
of measures were used: subjective perceptions (with questionnaires), performance
parameters of the driving and non-driving tasks (arithmetic task and a secondary
target detection task) and physiological changes (heart rate).

Overall, the combination of alcohol and THC had the most intense effect after
intake. This effect was reflected in performance impairments observed in the
driving and non-driving tasks, in the subjective sensations after intake, and in the
physiological measures. Despite significant differences in the size of the effects
after the various treatments, there were no differences in the distances subjects
were willing to drive while under the influence on each of the treatments.

Alecia Dager, Brian Pittman , Carol S. Austad Carolyn Fallahi Farah Aslanzadeh (2015)
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?i

Data were derived from the longitudinal 2-year Brain and Alcohol Research in
College Students (BARCS) study including 1142 freshman students who
completed monthly marijuana use and alcohol consumption surveys. Subjects
were classified into data-driven groups based on their alcohol and marijuana
consumption. A linear mixed-model (LMM) was employed using this grouping
factor to predict grade point average (GPA), adjusted for a variety of socio-
demographic and clinical factors.

Three data-driven clusters emerged: 1) No/low users of both, 2) medium-high

alcohol/no-low marijuana, and 3) medium-high users of both substances.
Individual cluster derivations between consecutive semesters remained stable. No
significant interaction between clusters and semester (time) was noted. Post-hoc
analysis suggest that at the outset, compared to sober peers, students using
moderate to high levels of alcohol and low marijuana demonstrate lower GPAs,
but this difference becomes non-significant over time. In contrast, students
 consuming both substances at moderate-to-high levels score significantly lower at
both the outset and across the 2-year investigation period. Our follow-up analysis
also indicate that when students curtailed their substance use over time they had
significantly higher academic GPA compared to those who remained stable in
their substance use patterns over the two year period.

Overall, our study validates and extends the current literature by providing
important implications of concurrent alcohol and marijuana use on academic
achievement in college.

Christopher W. Jennifer P. Read kahler David R Strong (2018) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com

We conducted Rasch model analyses of responses to the 48‐item Young Adult

Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire by 164 male and 176 female college
students who drank on at least a weekly basis. An iterative process using item fit
statistics, item severities, item discrimination parameters, model residuals, and
analysis of differential item functioning by gender was used to pare the items
down to those that best fit a Rasch model and that were most efficient in
discriminating among levels of alcohol problems in the sample.
The process of iterative Rasch model analyses resulted in a final 24‐item scale
with the data fitting the unidimensional Rasch model very well. The scale showed
excellent distributional properties, had items adequately matched to the severity
of alcohol problems in the sample, covered a full range of problem severity, and
appeared highly efficient in retaining all of the meaningful variance captured by
the original set of 48 items.
The use of Rasch model analyses to inform item selection produced a final scale
that, in both its comprehensiveness and its efficiency, should be a useful tool for
researchers studying alcohol problems in college students. To aid interpretation of
raw scores, examples of the types of alcohol problems that are likely to be
experienced across a range of selected scores are provided.

FOREIGN LITERATURE
Anita Holzinger Georg Schomerus,

Herbert Matschinger, Michael Lucht, Matthias C. Angermeyer Mauro G. Carta (2015),

https://academic.oup.com

On the basis of a systematic literature search, we identified 17 representative

population studies published before July 2010 that examine aspects of the stigma
of alcoholism and simultaneously of other mental, medical or social conditions.
Seven surveys were located in Europe, five in North America, three in New
Zealand and one each in Brazil and Ethiopia, respectively.: Compared with
people suffering from other, substance-unrelated mental disorders, alcohol-
dependent persons are less frequently regarded as mentally ill, are held much
more responsible for their condition, provoke more social rejection and more
negative emotions, and they are at particular risk for structural discrimination.
Only with regard to being a danger, they are perceived to be at a similarly
negative level to that of people suffering from schizophrenia. Alcoholism is a
particularly severely stigmatized mental disorder. Cultural differences are likely,
but under-researched. We discuss possible reasons for the differences between the
stigma of alcoholism and of other mental diseases and the consequences for
targeted anti-stigma initiatives

Fatma Yıldırım ,Hatice Demirbaş, İnci Özgür İlhan Yıldırım B. Doğan (2019)
https://link.springer.com

Using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire and the CAGE

Questionnaire for alcohol use problems, 1,720 students were surveyed.Of the
whole student sample 63.3% reported that they had ever tried drinking alcohol,
and 48.5% had used alcohol in the past year. Sixty five percent of the students had
been drinking once a month or more frequently. The overall prevalence of alcohol
use problems according to CAGE2+ was 9.7% (19.9% among the students who
used alcohol in the past year). In multivariate analysis, male students tended to
have problems with alcohol about three times more than females. Living in the
dormitory seemed to be protective in terms of frequent drinking, and as
educational level of the parents increased, the odds of drinking at least once a
month increased. Students whose mothers were illiterate or primary school
graduate tended to give more positive answers to the Cut-down, Annoyed and
Guilty items. The odds of giving a positive answer to the Cut-down item among
those living alone was greater than the other residence groups. Predictors of
positive answer to the Eye-opener item were male gender, living alone at home,
and residence of the family being in a foreign country. Paternal educational level
being in the illiterate/primary school category was significantly related with more
positive answers to the Guilty item. Drinking problems among university students
in Turkey are more prevalent when compared with prevalence rates shown in
other surveys in Turkey. Alternative ways of socialization should be provided for
the university youth in order to prevent alcohol use problems in the future.