GRAMMAR

ADJECTIVES
Words that describe Nouns or Pronouns are called adjectives.
Examples:
• Margaret wore a beautiful hat to the contest.
• My cake should have sixteen candles.
• Mummy bought a new dress for me.
• Meenakshi wore long gumboots.
Kinds of Adjectives:
1. Adjectives of Quality: Adjective of quality is used to describe the subject or
noun. They answer the question ‘Of what kind or type?’
Examples:
• He is a clever boy.
• Japan is a developed country.
• My boss is an honest person.
• Mumbai is a beautiful city.
2. Quantitative Adjectives: A quantitative adjective provides information
about the quantity of the nouns/pronouns. They answer the question ‘How
much?’
Examples:
• There is a little soup in the bowl.
• You should have completed the whole task.
• Fahad drank half a glass of milk.
• He did not do any work.
3. Demonstrative Adjectives: It directly refers to something or someone.
Demonstrative adjectives include the words: this, that, these, those. They
answer the question ‘Which?’
 Examples:
• That building is so gorgeously decorated.
• This car is mine.
• These cats are cute.
• Those flowers are heavenly.
4. Possessive Adjectives: Indicates possession or ownership. It suggests the
belongingness of something to someone/something.
Examples:
• My car is parked outside.
• His cat is very cute.
• Our job is almost done.
• Her books are interesting.
5. Adjective of Number: It tells us the exact number of something. They answer
the question ‘How many?’
Examples:
• They have four carpets.
• They have 20 Cupboards.
• I have learnt Nine Chapters.
• She buys 70 Apples.
6. Interrogative Adjectives: An interrogative adjective asks a question. An
interrogative adjective must be followed by a noun or a pronoun.
Examples:
• Which phone do you use?
• What game do you want to play?
• Whose car is this?
• Which book do you like to read?

PREFIXES & SUFFIXES

PREFIX – a prefix is a letter or a group of letters which we place in front of a word.
They help us to form a word with a different meaning.
Examples:
Sub + way = subway
Un + happy = unhappy
Under + water = underwater
Re + view = review
SUFFIX – a suffix is a letter or group of letters which we place at the end of a word.
Examples:
Employ + ee = employee
Good + ness = goodness
Slow + ly = slowly
Broad + en = broaden

MODALS
They are a special set of verbs that act as helping verbs. They express the mood and
attitude of the speaker. They are used with main verbs to convey the full sense of a
sentence.
Examples:
• Ravi can play the flute but he cannot play guitar.
• Anu was sick yesterday so she may not attend school today.
• You shall submit your project immediately.
• My father will leave for Germany tomorrow.

ADVERBS
Words that modify verbs.
Types of Adverbs
1. Adverbs of manner – tell us how something happens.
Examples:
 • Some people were seriously injured in the accident.
• All the houses were colourfully lit for Diwali.
• He wrote his exam well.
• When the teacher entered the class, the students sat quietly.
2. Adverbs of time – tell us when something happens.
Examples:
• I will meet you tomorrow.
• We went for a picnic last week.
• We have moved into our new house recently.
• Where are you now?
3. Adverbs of place – tell us where something happens.
Examples:
• My aunt has gone downstairs.
• She looked everywhere for the keys but she didn’t find them.
• Close the door when you go outside.
• They are waiting for us inside.

PHRASES & CLAUSES

PHRASE - related group of words. The words work together as a "unit," but
they do not have a subject.
Examples:
• on the bus
• will be running
• in the kitchen
• very quickly
CLAUSE - a group of words that has both a subject and a verb.
Examples:
• When I get home
• The lights are not on.
• When you wake up
• Since it fell on the floor