THE BHANJA BIHAR REVIEW is a compilation of

features/articles presented by the student journalists in

the departmental seminars. The news and views expressed
in the laboratory journal are the author’s own and do not
necessarily reflect the views of Department or the
University. The journal is meant for students practice
and publication under the guidance of Prof. S.K. Behera,
Head, Dept. of Journalism and Mass Communication.
EDITORIAL BOARD:
PANKAJINI BEHERA & HEMANTA KU.PRADHAN
 DTH- DIRECT TO HOME
What is DTH?
DTH stands for Direct-
To-Home television. DTH is
defined as the reception of
satellite programmes with a
personal dish in an individual
home. DTH does away with the
need for the local cable
operator and puts the
broadcaster directly in touch
with the consumer. Only cable
operators can receive satellite
programmes and they then
distribute them to individual
homes.
How Does DTH work?
A DTH network consists of
a broadcasting centre,
satellites, encoders,
multiplexers, modulators and
DTH receivers. A DTH service
provider has to lease Ku-band
transponders from the satellite.
The encoder converts the
audio, videos and data signals
into the digital format and the
multiplexer mixes these signals.
At the user end, there will be a
small dish antenna and set-top
boxes to decode and view
numerous channels. DTH is an
encrypted transmission that
travels to the consumer directly
through a satellite.
Pankajini Behera
3rd Semester, 2010-11
How does DTH really differ
from cable TV ?
The way DTH reaches a
consumer’s Home is different
from the way cable TV does. In
DTH, TV channels would be
transmitted from the satellite to
a small dish antenna mounted
on the window (Or rooftop) of
the subscriber’s home. So the
broadcaster directly connects to
the user. The middlemen like
local cable operators are not
there in the picture. DTH can
also reach the remotest of
areas since it does away with
the intermediate step of a cable
operator and the wires (cables)
that come from the cable
operator to our house. As
explained above, in DTH
signals directly come from the
satellite to your DTH dish.
There are four serious
contenders for DTH services in
India. Like Doordarshan, Star,
Zee and Data Access.
Is DTH superior to cable
TV?
Yes, DTH offers better
quality picture than cable TV.
This is because cable TV in
India is analog. Despite digital
transmission and reception the
1
1
cable transmission is still
analog. DTH offers
stereophonic sound effects. It
can also reach remote areas
where terrestrial transmission
and cable TV have failed to
penetrate. Apart from enhanced
picture quality, DTH also allows
for interactive TV services such
as movie-on-demand, Internet
access, video conferencing and
e-mail. But the thing that DTH
has been going for it and that
the powerful broadcasting
companies like Star, Zee etc.
are pushing for it.
Why are broadcasters
pushing for DTH?
In DTH, the payments will be
made directly by the subscriber
to the satellite company offering
the service. A big problem that
broadcasters face in India is the
issue of under-reporting of
subscribers by cable operators.
With no way to actually cross
check, the MSO’s (Multi Service
Cable Operator) and the
broadcasters lose a lot.
Broadcasters do not earn much
in subscription fees and are
mostly dependent on
advertisement revenue to cover
their costs, which is not
sustainable and does not offer
high growth in revenues for
broadcasters. For DTH,
broadcasters directly connect to
consumers and can actually grow
revenues with a growth in
subscriber base.
Why do Doodarshan,
Zee, Star think DTH will work
in India?
Today, broadcasters
believe that the market is ripe for
DTH. The prices of the dish and
the set-top box have come down
significantly. Overall
investments required in putting
up a DTH infrastructure has
dropped and customers are also
reaping the benefits of more
attractive tariffs. The major thing
that DTH operators are betting
on that the service is coming at
a time when the Govt. is pushing
for CAS (Conditional Access
System), which will make cable
television more expensive,
narrowing the tariff gap between
OBAMA IN THE LAND OF AHIMSA
“India is not just a rising
power, it has already risen. Its
economy has risen at a
breathtaking rate…… we look
forward to a greater role for
India as the world state”,
marked by U.S, President
Barack Husain Obama in his
speech in Mumbai on his three
DTH and cable.
Will DTH be cheaper than
cable or more expensive?
DTH will be definitely more
expensive than cable as it exists
today. A set-top box is a must
for DTH. Earlier, when CAS
made set-top box mandatory for
households, the costs between
DTH and cable would not have
been too wide. On October
2002, siticable, which is owned
by ZEE, said that the cost of the
installation equipment, which
includes the receiver dish and the
set-top box, would be priced at
around Rs. 3,900. Siticable is
looking to rope in 1 million
subscribers in 15 months. Other
estimates say that digital cable
set-top box may cost Rs. 4,000, a
DTH decoder dish is unlikely to
cost less than Rs. 7,000. DTH’s
minimum subscription could be
priced around Rs. 500 per month.
What is the history of
Hemanta Kumar Pradhan
3rd semester, 2010-11
days tour to India.
It’s not a first time visit of
any US president to India; still it
is unique and memorable.
Firstly, Obama paid a visit to
India as the first Black American
president. Secondly,
predecessor’s of Obama were
visiting India for formality and
2
DTH in India?
DTH services were first
proposed in India in 1996. But
they did not pass approval
because there were concerns
over national security and a
cultural invasion. In 1997, the
Govt. even imposed a ban
when the Rupert Murdoch-
owned Indian Sky Broadcasting
(ISkyB) was about to launch its
DTH Services in India.
Finally in 2000, DTH
was allowed. The new policy
requires all operators to set up
earth stations in India within 12
months of getting a license.
DTH licenses in India will cost
$2.14 million and will be valid
for 10 years. The companies
offering DTH service will have
to have an Indian chief and
foreign equity has been capped
at 49 percent.
diplomatic benefit, they had no
importance like today; but in the
contemporary times U.S.
President has come to India for
solving the problem of
unemployment in U.S.. They
are giving much more
importance to India for
economic set up. Thirdly,
Obama touched many fields for
discussion and sang the glory
of India in his long stay ever by
any U.S, President.
Obama is trying to give
solace to Americans by creating
jobs, for which he came to India
for a strategic tie between India
and U.S. . President Obama
managed and announced
business deals worth $10 billion
in aviation, poser and other
sectors that will create 50,000
jobs in the U.S. Under fire at
home he also made a strong
pitch for New Delhi reducing
trade barriers. Seeking to
double bilateral trade and
create employment in the two
nations, he asked why India
could not be America’s top
trading partner from the 12 th
position now.
Obama appeared too
strongly but for American
access to Indian market, saying
US Companies wanted to invest
more in India. He, however,
wanted India to cur barriers as
both could not be a one –way
street and effort should be
made for creation of jobs in both
the countries.
“Going forward that
commitment must be matched
by a steady reduction in barriers
to trade and foreign investments
from agriculture to
infrastructure, from retail to
telecom, because in a global
economy new growth and jobs
flow to countries that lose
barriers to trade and
investment,” Obama said in his
address to U.S.-India barriers
council as he began his maiden
visit to India.
Obama omitted the
“Pakistan” word in his sex-
minute speech at Mumbai’s Taj
Hotels- the site of the 26/11
terrorists attacks where he and
wife Michella stayed -
disappointed many, most of all
the BJP and the left.
Obama Like his
predecessors, avoided the
Pakistan matter because
Pakistan is a close assistance
of NATO and a Partner to
counter Terrorism in the soil of
Af-Pak border, America spends
heavy amount of revenue for
this act, from which Pakistanis
getting benefits out of it.
This Obama at the time of
Sworn-in to presidentship, had
told against India about
outsourcing of Jobs and to stop
the outsourcing, he called his
companies from Bangalore to
Buffalo city, which had given a
great suck to the IT sector. But
today same president has come
to India to borrow jobs from
India.
Obama started the policy
to make India happy by
supporting in the field of
terrorism eradication and a
3
permanent seat for India at a
reformed U.N Security Council.
“We welcome India as it
prepares to take seat at the
United Nations Security
Council,” said Obama in an
address to members of both
houses of parliament. “And as
two global leaders, the United
States and India can partner for
global security- especially as
India serves on the Security
Council over the next two
years,” he said
Obama also sent a strong
message to Pakistan, saying
terrorist “safe haven” with in its
borders were “unacceptable,”
and asked it to bring terrorists
behind the Mumbai attacks to
Justice.
“… We will continue to
insist to Pakistan’s leaders that
terrorist safe-havens within their
borders are unacceptable, and
that the terrorists behind the
Mumbai attacks be brought to
justice,” the President said in his
35 minute address. Obama
said India and the U.S. were
working together, more closely
than ever, to counter terrorism.
After visiting the house of
Mahatma Gandhi whom he
looked for inspiration, U.S.
president Barack Obama on his
first day of visit, hailed the
Father of the Nation as “a hero
not just to India but to the world.”
 Obama, for whom Gandhi
is his self-confessed hero
accompanied by his wife
Michella spent about 45 minute
going around the simple, old
style, two storeyed building on
Labunan Road in ‘south
Mumbai where the Father of the
Nation stayed during his visits
to Bombay. He said that Gandhi
is the root of his inspiration,
where he is today, only for
Gandhi. He saluted the Land of
Ahimsa with its owner Gandhi.
During his Visit, Obama
ADARSH: HOUSING SCAM
The highly controversial
multi storeyed adarsh co
operative housing society scam
is spurning out new revealations
with every passing hour and a
lot needs to be done before the
real picture comes infront of the
nation. The 31 storeyed building
named adarsh housing society
in kolaba mumbai has become
the catchment area for a
massive poltical controversy.
The 100 metre tall housing
society complex,which is
spread over an area of 6490
square metres in the highly
expensive kolaba region of
mumbai has instigated a lot of
debate. The adarsh society is
met Mumbai’s 26/11 victim
family members, school
children and orphans. He is
very much pleased with the
hospitality and with India’s
concept ‘Atithi Devo Bhavo’. It
has given a special place to
India. Obama expressed with
astonishment on Mumbai ‘R
Kar’s patience and work culture
after 26/11 havoc. He praised
the heterogeneous culture of
India.
Obama discussed with
Sonia Gandhi over nuclear
Dhananjay Patra
1st Semester, 2010-11
located in one of the world’s
most expensive region. This
apartment block being
constructed in mumbai has
been hit by allegations of
corruption including the charges
that the flats meant for kargil
heroes and war widows ,were
given to top bureaucrats, relative
of politicians, former army and
navy chief and many others.
This land was under the
possession of colaba army
station. After the kargil war, few
army personnel demanded the
land for building flats to
accommodate and reward the
heroes of the kargil operation
and those who had laid down
4
liability Act and to identify
Pakistan as 26/11 perpetrator
with Sushma Swaraj Leader of
the opposition. Then talked
about India, V.S. pact on clean
energy Technology.
Obama’s visit has given a
new horizon of partnership with
India and U.S. This visit will
show our importance in front of
the world mass. Whole world
will know, India is a world power,
to whom America is giving much
more importance. It’s
beginning….! Jai Hind.


their lives for the protection of
their motherland. Initially society
members comprised of 40
members and included only the
defence personnel. The present
list had 103 members out of
which only 37 belonged to the
army and only 3 members had
any connection with the kargil
war. And the scam is completely
related to the allotment of land.
Documents revealed that
the land had been handed over
by the revenue department of
Maharashtra govt. to adarsh
society in 2003. Promoters of
the society were given a notice
by the defence ministry.
However the agreement was
nullified a year later in 2004. At
this point of time both the
revenue and defence ministry in
Maharashtra says that they
were not involved with the
project or land from the very
beginning other than handing it
over to the adarsh society. The
revenue dept. said that the land
of adarsh society is owned by
the state government.
In the year 2008, the scam
was exposed by the NAPM
(National Alliance People Moment)
led by medha patekar ,by filling
complains with the defence
ministry and the environment
dept. and also the state govt.
On the basis of the complaint ,
defence ministry initiated action
and the dept. of environment
issued a showcause notice to
the society. Complain was also
filed at the Brihan Mumbai
Municipal Corporation and the
Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Development Authority
( M M R D A ) . According to the
investigation report by major
Indian news channels, atleast
three former chief ministers of
Maharashtra were involved in
the allotment of housing
process. Former chief minister
of Maharashtra Vilas Rao
Deshmukh, Sushil Kumar
Shinde and Narayan Rane, not
just gave clearance to the
controversial building but also
helped in the allotments of
choosing one.
Sucked into a controversy
over corrupt allotment of flats,
meant for kargil war widows in
Mumbai the former
Maharashtra chief minister
Ashok Chavan, offered his
resignation to congress
supremo Sonia Gandhi and it
was accepted later. Congress
had also appointed two
members panel comprising
senior ministers Pranab
Mukherjee and A.K.Antony to
look into the affair while the
opposition BJP had demanded
immediate resignation of
Mr.Chavan. No doubt, it is a
shame on the Indians those
who are involved in adarsh
scam. Corruption in defence
sector is definitely a matter of
great concern. Really, its an
insult to kargil martyres.
An extensive probe is
required in the case to ensure
all the culprits involved in the
scam should face a strict action.
CBI is on its way to investigate
the scam. The adarsh housing
society scam is still in deep
controversy with a lage number
of questions, being left
unanswered. Let us hope
proper enquiry and justice will
be there after the conclusion.
SAVE INDIA AND ITS
DIGNITY.

10 Tips to Be On Time
1. Calculate the time taken to commute to the location.
2. Be conservative in your calculation.
3. Get a central organizer.
4. Be clear on the location you need to go to and how to reach it.
5. Get everything ready beforehand.
6. Wake up immediately when your alarm rings.
7. Bring something to engage you during the trip.
8. Synchronize all your devices to the same time.
9. Plan enough time for the task you are doing before.
10. Set an alarm to inform you when you need to leave.

5
 TWITTER IS A MINIATURE BLOG
As we all know that twitter
is the latest and largest
networking mode of
communication. It is essential
for all of us to know the basic
aspect of twitter and how it
functions. As it is becoming
more popular in this present
world, it is the need of the time
to know more about twitter.
What is Twitter?
Twitter is a social
networking and micro blogging
service that enables its users to
send and read messages
known as tweets. Tweets are
text-based posts of up to 140
characters displayed on the
author ’s profile page and
delivered to the author ’s
subscribers who are known as
followers. Since late 2009,
users can follow lists of authors
instead of following individual
authors. All users can send and
receive tweets via Twitter
website, Short Message
Service (SMS) or external
applications. While the service
itself costs nothing to use,
accessing it through SMS may
incur phone service provider
fees.
Since its creation in 2006,
Sagar Kumar Bhuyan
3rd semester, 2010-11
by Jack Dorsey, Twitter has
gained notability and popularity
worldwide. It is sometimes
described as “SMS of the
Internet.” The use of Twitter’s
application programming
interface for sending and
receiving text messages by
other applications often eclipses
direct use of Twitter. What is
Twitter is the new and unique
question, the modern man asks
today? It has many different
things to many different people.
It can be used by a family to
keep in touch, or a company to
coordinate business, or the
media to keep people informed
or a writer to build up fan base.
Twitter is micro-blogging. It
is social messaging. It is an
event coordinator, a business
tool, news reporting service and
a marketing utility. Micro-
blogging is defined as a quick
update usually containing a very
limited number of characters. It
is a popular feature of social
networks like Face book where
you can update your status, but
it has become best known
because of Twitter.
In essence, micro-blogging
is for people who want a blog
bur don’t want to blog. A
6
personal blog can keep people
informed on what is going on in
your life, but not everyone
wants to spend an hour crafting
a beautiful post about the
vibrant colors seen on a
butterfly spotted in the front
time. Sometimes, you just want
to say “went shopping for a new
car but didn’t find anything” or
“watch Dancing with the Stars
and Warren Sapp sure can
dance.”
So what is Twitter? It’s a
great place to keep people
informed on what you are up to
without the need to spend a lot
of time crafting an entire post
on the subject. You just say
what’s up and leave it at that.
Twitter is Social
Messaging
While Twitter may have
started as a micro-blogging
service, it is grown into much
more than simply a tool to type
in quick status updates. So
when asked “ What is Twitter?”,
I often described it as a cross
between blogging and instant
messaging, though even that
doesn’t do it justice.
Put simply, Twitter is social
messaging. With the ability to
follow people and have
followers, and the ability to have
interacted with Twitter on your
cell phone, Twitter has become
the perfect social messaging
tool. Whether you are out on
the town and want to coordinate
with a group of people as to
what hot spot to hit next, or
keeping people informed of
developments at a company-
sponsored event, Twitter is a
great tool for quickly
communicating a message to a
group of people.
Twitter is News
Reporting:
Turn on CNN, Fox News or
any other news-reporting
service and you’ll likely see a
news ticker streaming across
the bottom of the television set.
In a digital world that is relying
on the internet more and more
for news, that streaming ticker
is twitter.
CYBER CRIME- A THREAT TO SECURITY
When Internet was
developed, the founding fathers
of Internet hardly had any
inclination that Internet could
also be misused for criminal
activities. Today, there are
many disturbing things
happening in cyberspace.
Outdoor festivals like the
South-by-Southwest festival in
Austin, TX and major events like
the E3 conference have shown
what a great resource Twitter
can be for quickly reporting
news to a huge group of people.
Faster and more immediate
than a blog, Twitter has been
embraced by the “new media”
of the blogosphere and has
slowly won acceptance among
traditional media outlets.
Twitter is Social Media
Marketing:
Twitter has become a
favourite target for social media
marketing. This new form of
getting the message out has
been used effectively by Barack
Obama during his Presidential
campaign, and is used by
everyone from magazines to
movie stars as a quick way to
connect with the audience.
With utilities like Twitter feed, it
Abhisekh Patnaik
3rd Semester, 2010-2011
Cybercrime refers to all the
activities done with criminal
intent in cyberspace. These
could be either the criminal
activities in the conventional
sense or could be activities,
newly evolved with the growth
of the new medium. Because
7
is easy to convert an RSS feed
into Twitter updates. This
makes it easy to use Twitter as
a form of social media
marketing.
In this modern era every
thing is becoming simple and
accessible to everyone. The
message and the mode of
message is reaching far and
beyond to the reach of the
people. Unlike the electronic
media the new invention that is
the twitter plays very vital role in
reaching the short message
within the fraction of second.
Thanks to the modern inversion
which has provided us to be
equipped and enlighten with the
mode of communication. Thus
the blog, twitter and face book,
are very essential to the modern
man. It is the need of time to be
equipped with these latest
developments so that it will
enhance in our social networking.


of the anonymous nature of the
Internet, it is possible to engage
into a variety of criminal
activities with impunity and
people with intelligence, have
been grossly misusing this
aspect of the Internet to be
responsible for criminal
activities in cyberspace. The
field of Cybercrime is just
emerging and new forms of
criminal activities in cyberspace
are coming to the forefront with
the passing of each new day.
The only difference between
crime and cybercrime is that a
computer or computer network
is necessary to complete the
crime or is the target of the
crime. Despite the tools both
criminals and cybercriminals
use, they can find potential
victims of predators, fraud,
piracy, destruction, robbery,
harassment, money laundering
and any other nasty intent.
The first recorded cyber
crime took place in the year
1820. That is not surprising
considering the fact that the
abacus, which is thought to be
the earliest form of a computer,
has been around since 3500
B.C. in India, Japan and China.
The era of modern computers,
however, began with the
analytical engine of Charles
Babbage. Cyber crime is an evil
having its origin in the growing
dependence on computers in
modern life. In a day and age
when everything from
microwave ovens and
refrigerators to nuclear power
plants is being run on
computers, cyber crime has
assumed rather evil
implications. Major Cyber
crimes in the recent past include
the Citibank rip off. US $10
million were falsely transferred
out of the bank into a bank
account in Switzerland. A
Russian hacker group led by
Vladimir Kevin, a renowned
hacker, committed the attack.
The group compromised the
bank’s security systems.
Vladimir was allegedly using his
office computer at AO Saturn,
a computer firm in St.
Petersburg and Russia to break
into Citibank computers. He
was finally arrested on
Heathrow airport on his way to
Switzerland.
Cyber crimes are generally
defined as any type of illegal
activity that makes use of the
Internet, a private or public
network, or an in-house
computer system. While many
forms of cybercrimes revolved
around the appropriation of
proprietary information for
unauthorized use, other
examples are focused more on
an invasion of privacy. As a
growing problem around the
world, many countries are
beginning to implement laws
and other regulatory
mechanisms in an attempt to
minimize the incidence of
cybercrime.
Cyber crime can also
involve illegal access to
company information. Just as
8
with individuals, criminals can
steal financial information and
make purchases using the data.
The criminal may also withdraw
funds from company reserves,
transferring the stolen funds
through a verity of accounts and
making it virtually impossible to
locate stolen assets. In other
cases, it is not money or credit
information the criminal seeks;
obtaining proprietary client
information and selling it to
competitors is another example
of this type of high tech criminal
activity.
In many countries
around the world, nations have
passed cybercrime law
packages that make the
issuance of spam a criminal act.
Spam is loosely defined as
unsolicited emails that are
simultaneously sent to
thousands or even millions of
emails accounts. Some nations
have enacted specific
conditions that must apply in
order for the spam to not be
considered a cybercrime, such
as providing a means for the
recipient to pick out of receiving
further email solicitations from
the sender. As the problem
grows, more politicians promote
the idea of some sort of national
or international cybercrime act
that would specifically address
the use of spam and either limit
or eliminate the practice
altogether.
Mr. Pavan Duggal, who
is the president of
Cyberlaws.net and consultant
of India, in a report, has clearly
defined the various categories
and types of cybercrimes.
Cybercrimes can be
basically divided into 3 major
parts:
1. Cybercrimes against
persons
2. Cybercrimes against
property
3. Cybercrimes against
Government
Cybercrimes committed
against persons include various
crimes like transmission of child
pornography, harassment of
any one with the use of a
computer such as email. The
trafficking, distribution, posting
and dissemination of obscene
material including pornography
and indecent exposure,
constitutes one of the most
important Cybercrimes known
today. The potential harm of
such a crime to humanity can
hardly be amplified. This is one
Cybercrime which threatens to
undermine the growth of the
younger generations as also
leave irreversible scars and
injury on the younger
generation, if not controlled.
A minor girl in Ahmedabad
was attracted to private place
through cyber chat by a man,
who, along with his friends,
attempted to gang rape her. As
some passer-by heard her cry,
she was rescued.
Another example wherein
the damage was not done to a
person but to the masses is the
case of Melissa virus. The
Melissa virus first appeared on
the internet in March 1999. It
spread rapidly throughout
computer systems in the United
States and Europe. It is
estimated that the virus caused
80 million dollars in damages to
computers worldwide.
The second category of
Cyber-crimes is that of
Cybercrimes against all forms of
property. These crimes include
computer vandalism
(destruction of others’ property),
transmission of harmful
programmes. E.g. - A Mumbai-
based upstart engineering
company lost a say and much
money in the business when the
rival company, an industry
major, stole the technical
database from their computers
with the help of a corporate
cyber spy.
The third category of
Cyber-crimes relate to
cybercrimes against
government. Cyberterrorism is
one of the distinct kind of crime
in this category. The growth of
internet has shown that the
9
medium of Cyberspace is being
used by individuals and groups
to threaten the international
governments as also to terrorise
the citizens of a country. This
crime manifests itself into
terrorism when an individual
“cracks” into a government or
military maintained website.
In a report of
expressindia.com, it was said
that internet was becoming a
boon for the terrorist
organizations. According to Mr.
A.K. Gupta, Deputy Director
(Co-ordination), CBI, terrorist
outfits are increasingly using
internet to communicate and
move funds. “Lashker-e-Taiba
is collecting contributions online
from its sympathizers all over
the world. During the
investigation of the Red Fort
shootout in December 2000, the
accused Ashfaq Ahmed of this
terrorist group revealed that the
militants are making extensive
use of the internet to
communicate with the
operatives and the
sympathizers and also using the
medium for intra-bank transfer
for funds.”
Researchers must explore
the problems in greater detail to
learn the origins, methods and
motivations of this growing
criminal group. Decision-
makers in business,
government and law
enforcement must react to this
emerging body of knowledge.
They must develop policies,
methods and regulations to
detect incursions, investigate
and prosecute the perpetrators
and prevent future crimes. In
addition, Police Departments
should immediately take steps
to protect their own information
systems from intrusion. Internet
provides anonymity: This is one
of the reasons why criminals try
to get away easily when caught
and also give them a chance to
INTEGRITY RISK- PAID NEWS
Journalism caters to the
unbiased objectivity of
presenting news to the
enmasse. But what counts
more is the ethical issue that
gets demarked while the
concept of ‘paid news’ comes
into existence. This
phenomenon is a rising concern
that feels it’s presence in the
present scenario. Private
entities are making their profit
which elevates the malpractices
of media houses thereby
creating corrupt personnel.
While services and studies still
continue on this section by
various authorities and
departments, media seems to
commit the crime again.
Therefore, we users should be
careful. We should not disclose
any personal information on the
internet or use credit cards and
if we find anything suspicious in
e-mails or if the system is
hacked, it should be
immediately reported to the
Police officials who investigate
cyber-crimes rather than trying
to fix the problem by ourselves.
Computer crime is a multi-
billion dollar problem. Law
enforcement must seek ways to
Priya Priyadarshini
3rd Semester, 2010-11
lose its original motto. The
practice of offering envelopes
to reporters remained visible
across Asian media and
especially India and china for
decades. But lately the practice
appears to be becoming
institutionalized, not by poverty-
stricken reporters but by the
publishers themselves. It is
alleged that many media
houses inIndia irrespective of
their volume of business have
started selling news space after
some understanding with the
politicians and corporate people
without disguising those items
as advertisements.
The India media, as a
10
keep the drawbacks from
overshadowing the great
promise of the computer age.
Cybercrime is a menace that has
to be tackled effectively not only
by the official but also by the
users by co-operating with the
law. The founding fathers of
internet wanted it to be a boon
to the whole world and it is upon
us to keep this tool of
modernization as a boon and not
make it a bane to the society.
whole, often plays the role of
constructive opposition in the
Parliament as well as in various
Legislative Assemblies of the
State. Journalists are, by and
large, honoured and accepted
as the moral guide in the Indian
society. While the newspapers
in Europe and America are
losing their readership annually,
the Indian print media is still
going stronger with huge
circulation figure and market
avenues. For the democratic
India, the media continues to be
acclaimed as the fourth
important pillar after judiciary,
parliament and bureaucratic
set-up. But unfortunately a
cancer in the form of paid news
has been diagnosed with the
Indian media in the recent past.
Millions of rupees have been
reportedly paid to media
houses.
Recent assembly elections
in Maharashtra and elsewhere
revealed the spread of the
pernicious practice of accepting
money for giving editorial space
to contestants. The
Maharashtra election campaign
formed to be the leading
example in this direction. Paid
news phenomena were
considered while the election
campaign was carried on by the
Chief Minister of the state in the
year 2009.
Even the role of Election
Commission of India (ECI)
comes as a noteworthy one. On
October 4, 2010, the ECI met
the representatives of several
national and state political
parties to discuss issues related
Electronic Voting Machine, paid
news, money and power in
elections and the criminalization
of elections. The meeting came
out with certain suggestion
regarding the checking of ‘Paid
News’. The officers felt that
amendments can be made in
the election laws thereby
including the concept of ‘paid
news’ in the list of corrupt
electoral practices. It will be a
serious entry in record or
registers maintained by poll
observes. Adding more to it
comes the joint venture of ECI
and Press Council of India
(PCI). ECI has asked help from
PCI in order to monitor the
media related practices like
“Paid News”.
The Press council of India
is the body that tries to maintain
decorum in the media world of
India. It has its own way of
defining the concept. Paid
news as defined by the PCI-
Any news or analysis appearing
in the media (Print and
electronic) for a price in cash or
kind as consideration. PCI
report states it as an
undermining democracy
parameter for the country. The
report was prepared by the sub-
committee member of the PCI
comprising Paranjoy Guha
Thakurta and K. Srinivas Reddy
which states “Paid News” as a
menace that has taken the form
of epidemic. The report speaks
of fraud created by such works
further categorizing it into 3
levels.
Firstly, the reader of the
publication or the viewer of the
television programme is
deceived into believing that
what is essentially an
advertisement is in fact,
independently produced news
content.
Second, by not officially
11
declaring the expenditure
incurred on planting “Paid
news” items, the candidate
standing for election violates the
conduct of election rules, 1961
which meant to be enforced by
the ECI under the
Representation of the people
Act, 1951.
Thirdly, by not
accounting for the money
received from the candidates
the concerned media company
or its representatives are
violating the provisions of the
Companies Act, 1956, as well
as the Income Tax Act, 1961,
among the other laws.
Although, it is not a
concern for the election
department only, yet the pre
election proceedings of Bihar
added more to this malpractice.
Bihar was assumed to be a test
cause in this regard. Though,
muscle power rules over there
yet the paid news phenomena
cannot be overlooked.


A man can do
every work, what
type is it, but a
lazy man can not
do a work, how
easy it is.
Swamy Vivekananda
 A SPOON OF SEO IN ONLINE JOURNALISM
Online news as it exists
today is great for 24/7 access,
real-time updates, increased
transparency, and discussions.
Online journalism has certain
attributes of print journalism and
of broadcast journalism and
other attributes that are unique
to the Web. Frequently
websites offer news articles to
be read, just as they would be
in a newspaper. At other times,
the audience may select a video
clip, so the website resembles
a TV broadcast. An online story
that takes full advantages of the
new medium allows the reader
to become a participant,
choosing his or her own path
through the information
presented.
Online journalism may
allow readers to respond
immediately and directly to the
writer or editor via e-mail or even
in a live chat. In addition, many
sites provide space for readers
to post their feedback or
opinions, so others can read
what they have written and
respond.
Every day, millions of
people use search engines to
find products or services. 90%
of those people will click links
Sriharsha Barada
1st semester, 2010-2011
on the first page of the search
results. In online journalism, it
is important for the site to reach
a large number of readers.
However, this cannot be
achieved unless your website is
functioning properly and looks
good to visitors and search
engines.
Most importantly, online
journalists should be able to
learn how to utilize a balanced
mix of editorial and marketing
techniques and tools in their
normal day-to-day work. Being
capable of writing great content
and knowing how to distribute
it and market it efficiently online
is definitely one of the most
valuable pair of skills of an
online reporter.
Search engine
optimization (SEO) is the
process of improving the
visibility of a website or a web
page in search engines via the
“natural” or un-paid search
results. SEO helps to bring
more visitors/readers to the site.
An Online Journalist should
need to know how the news can
reach to readers through search
engines. There are many sites
with good content that are not
visible by readers. SEO is a tool
12
which will help online journalism
to reach its readers and
potential customers. An online
journalist should use a spoon of
SEO elements that are given
below.
Keyword Research:
Search Engine Optimization
services start with identifying
the keywords your target visitors
uses when searching for your
products or services. It is an
important step of the
optimization process. You have
to reach the right audience to
generate a high return on
investment. Choose the best
keywords based on search
frequency and relevance to
your website. Carefully
targeting your campaign from
the start will lead to a greater
success.
Competitive Analysis:
The internet is an extremely
competitive market place.
There are other companies
targeting your keywords and
reaching your potential
customers. Analyzing your
competition’s online strength
and weakness can reveal
opportunities for you.
 Mobile SEO: With the
development and Optimizing
for mobile SEO is a unique
strategy with keywords that
facilitates quick and easy
viewing of the most important
information about your site.
International Search:
Global search marketing
targets international and
multilingual news so that
companies can reach out
beyond their national borders
to a worldwide reader. This is
the right strategies to
effectively market the site and
build international search
engine rankings. The site
should be indexed in more
BLOG: A NEW VOICE TO CYBER WORLD
The blog and the twitter are
the latest and largest
networking mode of
communication. In the modern
world this net working is quite
easy, simple and accessible to
many. For the better translation
of one’s ideas, opinions and
feelings the mode of
communication is very essential
in the present day. The human
beings are the most progressing
being because they are never
satisfied with the present. The
earnest search and research
than one search engines.
Video SEO: Modern
search engine optimization can
include a range of multimedia
strategies to build rankings and
drive traffic to site. Search
engines provide video results
on related keywords. This will
help to develop a multimedia
campaign that complements
your SEO efforts and allows
online journalism to reach a
broader audience by
optimizing videos for search.
Web Marketing
Analytics: The website should
be by closely and regularly
analyzed. Web Analytics
provides all the relevant
Ashok Kumar Nayak
3rd Semester, 2010-11
keeps them going in discovering
new and noble things. Ever
since his existence, the journey
is from the Paleolithic age to the
cyber age, it is an unending
process. The blog and the
twitter play very vital role in the
new mode of communication.
A blog, or weblog is
defined as, ‘It is a personal
online journal that is frequently
updated and intended for
general public consumption’.
Blogs are defined by their
format: a series of entries
13
metrics and data related to site
visitors to determine what
keywords and search engines
are driving the most traffic, and
what changes need to be made
to your site to increase relevant
traffic and conversions.
All the above actions will
take a site to stay in first page
of search engine but nobody
can give guarantee for this.
However, the site will come with
a higher position than earlier.
It’s not important for an online
journalist need to be a
programmer but should be
multi-talented to understand the
readers and potential
customers.


posted to a single page in
reverse-chronological order.
Blogs generally represent the
personality of the author or
reflect the purpose of the
website that hosts the blog. A
blog is a website in which items
are posted on a regular basis
and displayed in reverse
chronological order. The term
blog is a shortened form of
weblog or web log. Authoring a
blog, maintaining a blog or
adding an article to an existing
blog is called “blogging”.
Individual articles on a blog are
called “blog posts,” “posts” or
“entries”. A person who posts
these entries is called a
“blogger”. A blog comprises text,
hypertext, images, and links to
other web pages and to video,
audio and other files. Blogs use
a conversational style of
documentation. Blogs are
usually written by one person
and are updated pretty
regularly. Blogs are often written
on a particular topic.
There are many
different types of blogs, differing
not only in the type of content,
but also in the way that content
is delivered or written. There is
personal, corporate and
organizational and media types
blog being used in the
communication. The personal
blog, an ongoing diary or
commentary by an individual, is
the traditional, most common
blog. Personal bloggers usually
take pride in their blog posts,
even if their blog is never read.
Blogs often become more than
a way to just communicate; they
become a way to reflect on life,
or works of art. Corporate and
organizational blogs- Blogs
used internally to enhance the
communication and culture in a
corporation or externally for
marketing, branding or public
relations purposes are called
corporate blogs. Similar blogs
for clubs and societies are
called club blogs, group blogs,
or by similar names; typical use
is to inform members and other
interested parties of club and
member activities. By media
type-A blog comprising videos
is called a blog, one comprising
links is called a link log, a site
containing a portfolio of
sketches is called a sketch blog
or one comprising photos is
called a photo blog. Blogs with
shorter posts and mixed media
types are called tumble logs.
Blogs that are written on
typewriters and then scanned
are called typecast or typecast
blogs.
Twitter is a social
networking and micro blogging
service that enables its users to
send and read messages
known as tweets. Tweets are
text-based posts of up to 140
characters displayed on the
author ’s profile page and
delivered to the author ’s
subscribers who are known as
followers. Senders can restrict
delivery to those in their circle
of friends or, by default, allow
open access. Since late 2009,
users can follow lists of authors
instead of following individual
authors. All users can send and
receive tweets via the Twitter
website, Short Message
Service external applications.
Since its creation in 2006 by
14
Jack Dorsey, Twitter has gained
notability and popularity
worldwide. It is sometimes
described as “SMS of the
Internet.” The use of Twitter’s
application programming
interface for sending and
receiving text messages by
other applications often eclipses
direct use of Twitter.
Twitter is News Reporting:
turn on CNN, Fox News or any
other news-reporting service
and you’ll likely see a news
ticker streaming across the
bottom of the television set. In
a digital world that is relying on
the Internet more and more for
news, that streaming ticker is
twitter. Twitter can be for quickly
reporting news to a huge group
of people. Faster and more
immediate than a blog, Twitter
has been embraced by the “new
media” of the blogosphere and
has slowly won acceptance
among traditional media outlets.
Twitter is Social Media
Marketing Twitter has become
a favorite target for social media
marketing. This new form of
getting the message out has
been used effectively by Barack
Obama during his Presidential
campaign, and is used by
everyone from magazines to
movie stars as a quick way to
connect with an audience.
Blogging and twitter can
result in a range of legal
liabilities and other unforeseen
consequences. Defamation or
liability- Several cases have
been brought before the
national courts against bloggers
concerning issues of
defamation or liability. One can
be panelized under the court of
law if the blog or the tweet
contains some remark against
some individual or the
organization or the renowned
company. The popularity of the
Blog and twitter came by 2004
and 2006 respectively. The role
of this new technology became
increasingly mainstream of
communication. As political
YELLOW JOURNALISM : A MUTATED VERSION
Yellow Journalism is a
mutated division of Journalism
that goes against the key
principles of reporting as an
unbiased and objective tool for
conveying the news. Yellow
Journalism is “journalism that
exploits, distorts, or
exaggerates the news to create
sensations and attract readers.”
Yellow journalism ‘believes’ in a
gross misreporting and
underreporting of facts, in
playing up news that is likely to
create a frenzy, stringing an
emotional chord with the
consultants, news services and
candidates began using them as
tools for outreach and opinion
forming. Blogging and twitter
were established by politicians
and political candidates to
express opinions on war and
other issues and cemented
blogs’ role as a news source.
The impact of blogging upon the
mainstream media has also
been acknowledged by
governments.
Thus in the globalization
era, whole world seems as a
village. Due to this new media
technology and the blog and the
twitter uniting all of us in a single
Ankita Ray
3rd semester, 2010-11
masses, feeding the appetite for
sensationalism, scandal
mongering and exciting public
opinion. Yellow Journalism or
the yellow press is a type of
journalism that presents little or
no legitimate well- researched
news and instead uses eye-
catching headlines to sell more
newspapers. By extension
“Yellow Journalism” is used
today as a pejorative to decry
any journalism that treats news
in an unprofessional or
unethical fashion.
When a paper or magazine
15
thread. In the journalism era, all
citizens can be a reporter
through a blog and tweet. Within
a few movements we can share
our ideas, opinion, feeling,
experience and all sorts of
knowledge to any person in any
part of the world. The cyber
world provides us to share our
personal things with others. The
cyber world enhances our
knowledge and widens our
horizon of the mind set. Thanks
to the cyber world which not only
facilitate us, but also enable and
equipped us to know many
things in connecting the social
net working.

is accused of yellow journalism,
it means they have ignored real
news-worthy topics in favour of
sensationalized headlines and
stories that are strictly designed
to sell the magazine or paper.
For instance, rather than
focusing on the budget deficit,
a newspaper runs a front cover
story on a celebrity that has
been spotted in a rehabilitation
facility. Or, rather than focusing
on disasters in other countries,
a news television spends it time
covering the shocking affairs
and allegations against a
popular sports star.
It all started, some
historians believe, with the
onset of the rapid
industrialization that was
happening all round the world.
The industrial revolution
eventually affected the
newspaper industry, allowing
newspapers access to
machines that could easily print
thousands of papers in a single
night. This is believed to have
brought into play one of the
most important characteristics
of yellow journalism- the
endless drive for circulation.
And unfortunately, the
publisher ’s greed was very
often put before ethics.
The phrase was coined in
the 1890s to describe the tactics
employed in furious competition
between two New York City
newspapers, the World and the
Journal. The term was first
coined based on a series of
occurrences in and following the
year of 1895. This was the year
in which William Randolph
Hearst, the son of a California
mining tycoon, purchased the
New York journal, quickly
becoming a key rival of
Pulitzer’s. The term was derived
through a series of peculiar
circumstances from a cartoon
by the famous 19 th century
cartoonist; Robert outcault
called “ The Yellow Kid”. The
cartoon was first published in
The World, until Hearst hired
him away to produce the strip
in his newspaper. Pulitzer then
hired another artist to produce
the same strip in his newspaper.
This comic strip happened to
use a new special, non-smear
yellow ink and because of the
significance of the comic strip
the term “yellow journalism” was
coined by critics.
India has increasingly
fallen prey to this contagion and
stands today under its heavy
and gaudy canvas. The
average Indian will identify the
symptoms of this jaundiced
journalism with ease. On one
level the foul play is visual.
Large fonts, dramatic colours,
irrelevant and theatrical
photography are used in an
attempt to embellish the most
trivial news. At the same time
the language used for the bold
headlines or newsflashes is
inflaming and exaggerated,
forcing the reader or viewer to
halt abruptly and take notice.
The media often plays along
with the rumour mill not
bothering to verify fact, faking
quotes and printing bogus
interviews.
It is natural, therefore, that
Indian Journalism has begun to
struggle with credibility ratings.
It can be ranked somewhere
between jorno-politicans. With
16
the advent of cable and satellite
news, the print media has also
embraced a manufacturing
news culture and a docudrama
culture. The dividing line
between fiction and non-fiction,
good and bad have begun to
blur. Precious human values,
family values, age old and
tested, healthy moral principles
are being trivialized just for
making quick money.
The media in India, in a
number of ways, exists as a
degraded inferior version of
itself, compromised in its ethics,
stirring panic and grappling for
attention in ways that should
have been outgrown long ago.
India as a newly born country
needs pure unbiased news of
relevance. As all infants, Young
India can’t always be expected
to tell the difference between
what it needs to know and what
it wants to know. One would
expect the experienced media
moguls to be in a better place
to decide upon what news
deserves notice and what can
be thwarted. But perhaps this
discretion is blurrier than
anticipated. India needs facts,
not biased opinions. Our media
needs not to stand big and
looming, but instead, to mature
and grow.


HAPPY NEW YEAR 2011