Test Report on Sub-Soil Investigation

Submitted To

Aadharshila Deigns Pvt. Ltd.

Safdarjung Enclave, South Delhi, (Delhi)

Project

Proposed Construction of Atal Residential College

at Vill-Kota Pergana-Agori Tehsil- Robertsganj
District- Sonebhadra (U.P.)

Submitted By

Gomti Test House

4/ 327, Vijayant Khand,

Gomti Nagar, Lucknow- 10

Mobile No. -9336177365

Soil Testing, Pile Foundation, Plate Load Test,

Pile Test, Survey work.

Email- anuragyadav0418@gmail.com
1.0 INTRODUCTION:

The work of sub soil exploration at the proposed site for

the construction of Atal Residential College at Vill-Kota

Pergana-Agori Tehsil- Robertsganj District- Sonebhadra

(U.P.) was awarded us as by the Aadharshila Deigns Pvt. Ltd.

Safdarjung Enclave, South Delhi, (Delhi).

The Object of the sub surface investigation was to study

the pertinent physical & mechanical properties of soil

underlying the site so that a safe & economical foundation may

be designed. The Geo-technical study involved both field and

laboratory test to determine safe allowable pressure for the

foundation soil. The fieldwork consisted of 8 bore holes. Bore

holes No.1, 3, 4, 6 & 8 of 3.00-meter depth each and bore holes

no 2, 5 & 7 of 2.25 meter depth each.

The boring points were decided in consultation with

Engineer-in-charge of the site.

These reports give the results of field test and laboratory

test made on soil samples taken from the field, as well as,

preliminary recommendation regarding minimum depth of

foundation, type of foundation and allowable bearing capacity of

the soil at the foundation level.

A location of the boreholes has been shown in site plan.

2.0 FIELD WORK:

2.1 BORE HOLES:

150 mm. Diameter boreholes were drilled by manual

operation in accordance with I.S. 1892-1979. During the boring

visual observations of strata were also recorded. All the

disturbed and undisturbed samples were brought to the

laboratory for testing.

2.2 UNDISTURBED SOIL SAMPLE:

Undisturbed soil sample were collected from bore holes at

regular intervals of 1.50 m. depth each by driving a thin edge

sample tube by means of drop weight of 63.5 Kg as per

I.S.2131-1986. The sample tubes containing soil sample were

waxed properly at both ends of tube, labeled and transported to

the laboratory carefully for testing.

2.3 DISTURBED SOIL SAMPLE:

Disturbed soil sample were also collected as per Indian

Standard at regular intervals up to boring depth as directed by

the Engineer.

2.4 STANDARD PENETARATION TEST:

Standard Penetration test was carried out as per I.S.

2131-1981 by using standard split spoon sampler which was

driven by means of a 63.5 Kg. Hammer falling freely from height

of 75 cm. and the number of blows for 30.0 cm. penetrations

were counted thus S.P.T. Values were determined.

3
3.0 LABORATORY WORK

Disturbed/ Undisturbed soil samples were examined in

the laboratory for the following tests as per relevant Indian

standard 2720.

1. Sieve analysis

2. Plasticity Index

3. Particle size analysis

4. Natural moisture content

5. Original wet & dry density

6. Specific gravity

7. Shear strength characteristics

8. Consolidation Characteristics

9. Soil samples were classified as per I.S. code.

10. Harmful salts via So4", Co3", HCo3', and ‘CL' were

quantitatively examined.

4.0 EXPLANATION OF THE RESULT:

4.1 NATURE OF THE SOIL STRATA:

It is evident from bore log chart and laboratory test result.

The nature of soil strata comprises of ‘CI’ group of soil i.e. silty

clay of medium plasticity as per I.S. specification.

4.2 WATER TABLE:

Water table was not met up to 3.00 m depth below

existing ground level at the time of sub-soil exploration.

4
5.0 BEARING CAPACITY OF THE FOUNDATION SOIL:

Para 5.1.2 of IS 6403-1981 lays down following formula

for the ultimate net bearing capacity on shear Considerations.

a) In case of general Shear failure:

qd= 2/3C.Nc.Sc.Dc.ic+ 0 (N-1) sq.dq.iq + ½ B.N.S.d.lW'

b) In case of local Shear failure:

qd= CN'c.Sc.dc.ic + q ( N'q-1 ) Sq.dq.lq. + ½B.N.S.d.lW'

Where qd Ultimate net bearing capacity (Kg/cm2)

C = Cohesion of soil (kg/cm2)

q = Effective overburden pressure, (Surcharge

allowing for submergence if any (Kg/Sq cm)

Nc.Nq.N = Non-dimensional bearing capacity factors for

general shear failure

Sc, Sq, Sr = Shape factors

Ic, iq, ir = Inclination factors

dc, dq, dr, = Depth factors

r = Bulk unit weight of soil (Kg. /Cm)

w' = Water table correction factor.

Net safe bearing capacity is calculated after dividing the

ultimate bearing capacity by suitable factor of safety.

5
6. Settlement of Foundations:

The transmitted pressure on the foundation gives rise to

settlement and the total settlement should not exceed the

acceptable limit. It is therefore necessary that the settlement of

the foundation due to a given bearing pressure should be

known. The settlement of the footing may be assessed in

accordance with 8009-1981 (Part-1) as below.

Total settlement of foundation of cohesive soil:

SI = Si + Sc where.

SI = Final settlement.

Si = Immediate Settlement

Sc = Primary consolidation settlement.

(i) Immediate Settlement

The immediate settlement beneath the centre of corner of

flexible loaded area is given by.

p.B 1   2   I
Si =
E

 = Poisson ratio = 0.5 for clay

I = Influence Factor

E = modules of elasticity of clay

(ii) Primary consolidation settlement

In accordance with clause 9.2.3.1 of the aforesaid I.S.

SC +  Shoed, Where

6
 = A factor related to pore pressure per meter and the

ratio Ht/ B In absence of data regarding the pore

pressure per meter it may be sufficient to take the

value of  = 1 for normally consolidated clays.

Sc =  x Shoed

Shoed = Settlement computed from one dimensional

test and is given by:

Shoed = Ht x Cc x log Po + P

1+eO Po

Cc = Compression Index

Ht = Effective thickness of clay layer

eo = Void ratio against Po

Po = Original intensity of pressure acting at mid height

of stratum

P = the increment pressure due to additional load

imposed though the footing at the mid height clay

strata.

Effect of Depth foundation

For the computation of settlement of foundation

founded at certain depth a correction factor shall be

applied to the calculated Sf in the form of a depth factor

to be read from Fig 12 of the aforesaid I.S. corrected

settlement = Sfd =Sf x depth factor.

7
7.0 BEARING CAPACITY FROM SHEAR CRITERIA

Bearing capacity is calculated at depth of foundation 1.20, 1.50

meter for Strip / isolated footing assuming 1.20, 1.50-meter

width of foundation taking into account the soil properties of

each bore holes. However, governing value of bearing capacity

was found form bore hole No.2 and the calculation for the same

as produced below:

7.1 STRIP FOOTING

1. Depth of foundation (m) = 1.20

2. Width of foundation (m) = 1.20

3. Natural Density ( gm/cc) = 1.75

4. Submerged density (gm/cc) = -

5. Cohesion C (Kg/cm2) = 0.41

6. Angel of Internal friction Ø (Deg.) = 50

7. Void Ratio (e0) = 0.69

As the value of void ratio e0 is between 0.75 and

0.55 (i.e. between general and Local shear/failure
consideration) therefore the values of bearing capacity
factors are to be based on interpolated values between
local and general shear failure on the basis of void ratio.

Shear Parameters Nc Nq Nr

General Shear failure e0<=0.55 6.490 1.570 0.450

Local Shear failure > = 0.75 6.040 1.380 0.300

Interpolated value for e0= 0.69 6.175 1.437 0.345

8
 8. Effective surcharge q at base = 0.210

level of foundation (Kg/ cm2)

9. Water table correction factor (w) = 1.0

10. Factors

1. Factor of Safety = 3.00

2. Depth Factor dc = 1.218, dq = 1.0, dr = 1.0

3. Shape Factors Sc= 1.00, Sq =1.00, Sr = 1.00

4. Inclination factor Ic = Iq = Ir = 1.

11. Bearing Capacity: -

qc = 1/3.0 [0.314 x 6.175x 1.218 x 1.00 + 0.210 x

(1.437 - 1) x 1.00 x 1.0 x 1.0 + 0.50 x 1.75x

1.20 x 0.345 x 1.00 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0/10.0]

= 1/3.0 [2.362 + 0.092 + 0.036] Kg/cm2

= 0.830 Kg/cm2

7.2 ISOLATED FOOTING

1. Depth of foundation (m) = 1.20

2. Width of foundation (m) = 1.20

3. Natural Density ( gm/cc) = 1.75

4. Submerged density (gm/cc) = -

5. Cohesion C (Kg/cm2) = 0.41

6. Angel of Internal friction Ø (Deg.) = 50

7. Void Ratio (e0) = 0.69

9
 As the value of void ratio e0 is between 0.75 and
0.55 (i.e. between general and Local shear/failure
consideration) therefore the values of bearing capacity
factors are to be based on interpolated values between
local and general shear failure on the basis of void ratio.

Shear Parameters Nc Nq Nr

General Shear failure e0<=0.55 6.490 1.570 0.450

Local Shear failure > = 0.75 6.040 1.380 0.300

Interpolated value for e0= 0.69 6.175 1.437 0.345

8. Effective surcharge q at base = 0.210

level of foundation (Kg/ cm2)

9. Water table correction factor (w) = 1.0

10. Factors

1. Factor of Safety = 3.00

2. Depth Factor dc = 1.218, dq = 1.0, dr = 1.0

3. Shape Factors Sc= 1.30, Sq =1.20, Sr = 0.80

4. Inclination factor Ic = Iq = Ir = 1.

11. Bearing Capacity: -

qc = 1/3.0 [0.314 x 6.175x 1.218 x 1.30 + 0.210 x

(1.437 - 1) x 1.20 x 1.0 x 1.0 + 0.50 x 1.75x
1.20 x 0.345 x 0.80 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0/10.0]
= 1/3.0 [2.929 + 0.110 + 0.029] Kg/cm2
= 1.023 Kg/cm2

10
7.3 STRIP FOOTING

1. Depth of foundation (m) = 1.50

2. Width of foundation (m) = 1.50

3. Natural Density ( gm/cc) = 1.75

4. Submerged density (gm/cc) = -

5. Cohesion C (Kg/cm2) = 0.41

6. Angel of Internal friction Ø (Deg.) = 50

7. Void Ratio (e0) = 0.69

As the value of void ratio e0 is between 0.75 and

0.55 (i.e. between general and Local shear/failure
consideration) therefore the values of bearing capacity
factors are to be based on interpolated values between
local and general shear failure on the basis of void ratio.

Shear Parameters Nc Nq Nr

General Shear failure e0<=0.55 6.490 1.570 0.450

Local Shear failure > = 0.75 6.040 1.380 0.300

Interpolated value for e0= 0.69 6.175 1.437 0.345

8. Effective surcharge q at base = 0.263

level of foundation (Kg/ cm2)
9. Water table correction factor (w) = 1.0
10. Factors
1. Factor of Safety = 3.00
2. Depth Factor dc = 1.218, dq = 1.0, dr = 1.0
3. Shape Factors Sc= 1.00, Sq =1.00, Sr = 1.00
4. Inclination factor Ic = Iq = Ir = 1.

11
 11. Bearing Capacity: -
qc = 1/3.0 [0.314 x 6.175 x 1.218 x 1.00 + 0.263 x
(1.437 - 1) x 1.00 x 1.0 x 1.0 + 0.50 x 1.75x
1.50 x 0.345 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0/10.0]
= 1/3.0 [2.362 + 0.115 + 0.045] Kg/cm2
= 0.841 Kg/cm2
7.4 ISOLATED FOOTING

1. Depth of foundation (m) = 1.50

2. Width of foundation (m) = 1.50

3. Natural Density ( gm/cc) = 1.75

4. Submerged density (gm/cc) = -

5. Cohesion C (Kg/cm2) = 0.41

6. Angel of Internal friction Ø (Deg.) = 50

7. Void Ratio (e0) = 0.69

As the value of void ratio e0 is between 0.75 and

0.55 (i.e. between general and Local shear/failure
consideration) therefore the values of bearing capacity
factors are to be based on interpolated values between
local and general shear failure on the basis of void ratio.

Shear Parameters Nc Nq Nr

General Shear failure e0<=0.55 6.490 1.570 0.450

Local Shear failure > = 0.75 6.040 1.380 0.300

Interpolated value for e0= 0.69 6.175 1.437 0.345

8. Effective surcharge q at base = 0.263

level of foundation (Kg/ cm2)
9. Water table correction factor (w) = 1.0

12
 10. Factors

1. Factor of Safety = 3.00

2. Depth Factor dc = 1.218, dq = 1.0, dr = 1.0

3. Shape Factors Sc= 1.30, Sq =1.20, Sr = 0.80

4. Inclination factor Ic = Iq = Ir = 1.

11. Bearing Capacity: -

qc = 1/3.0 [0.314 x 6.175 x 1.218 x 1.30 + 0.263 x

(1.437 - 1) x 1.20 x 1.0 x 1.0 + 0.50 x 1.75x

1.50 x 0.345 x 0.80 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0/10.0]

= 1/3.0 [3.071 + 0.138 + 0.036] Kg/cm2

= 1.082 Kg/cm2

8.0 BEARING CAPACITY FROM STTLEMENT CRITERIA

Estimation of settlement:
Bearing capacity from settlement consideration in the bearing
pressure, which restricts the settlement with in permissible
limits. Bearing capacity as obtained from the previous section is
tried first as the bearing pressure to compute the settlement of
foundation. If settlement thus obtained is excessive lower values
of bearing pressure are tried. The settlement calculation shown
below is corresponding to safe bearing pressure. The soil in the
effective zone below footing level of cohesive soil hence the
settlement of cohesive layer has been computed.
Soil parameters for settlement calculation from B.H- 2 are.

13
 8.1 STRIP FOOTING
Taking Depth of Footing = 1.20 meter
Width of footing = 1.20 meter
Assumed Bearing pressure = 0.830 Kg/cm2
Thickness of compressible layer Ht = 1.20 m-3.00 m
Initial overburden at footing level = 0.210 Kg/cm2
(A) CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc): Void Ratioe0
Compressio
of layer (m)

Settlement
Initial over

Increment,
for2)
mid height
n Index Cc
Thickness

burden at

p Kg/cm2
Layer No.

Influence

Pressure
o(Kg/cm
of layer

stress

(mm)
pvalue
1 1.20-3.00 0.153 0.69 0.368 0.688 0.427 54.50

(B) Total Settlement (Sf): -

Total settlement = 54.50 mm

After applying correction factor for rigidity = 0.80

Correction factor for depth = 1.0

Final Settlement = 43.64 mm

The settlement is less than the permitted value as per IS: 1904-

1986.

Therefore, Allowable Bearing capacity = 8.30 T/m2

8.2 ISOLATED FOOTING

Taking Depth of Footing = 1.20 meter

Width of footing = 1.20 meter

Assumed Bearing pressure = 1.023 Kg/cm2

Thickness of compressible layer Ht = 1.20 m-3.00 m

Initial overburden at footing level = 0.210 Kg/cm2

14
 (C) CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc):

Void Ratioe0
Compressio
of layer (m)

Settlement
Initial over

Increment,
for2)
mid height
n Index Cc
Thickness

burden at

p Kg/cm2
Layer No.

Influence

Pressure
o(Kg/cm
of layer

stress

(mm)
pvalue
1 1.20-3.00 0.153 0.69 0.368 0.688 0.559 65.50

(D) Total Settlement (Sf): -

Total settlement = 65.50 mm

After applying correction factor for rigidity = 0.80

Correction factor for depth = 0.73

Final Settlement = 38.25 mm

The settlement is less than the permitted value as per IS: 1904-

1986.

Therefore, Allowable Bearing capacity = 10.23 T/m2

8.3 STRIP FOOTING

Taking Depth of Footing = 1.50 meter

Width of footing = 1.50 meter
Assumed Bearing pressure = 0.841 Kg/cm2
Thickness of compressible layer Ht = 1.50 m-3.75 m
Initial overburden at footing level = 0.263 Kg/cm2
(E) CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc):
Void Ratioe0
Compressio
of layer (m)

Settlement
Initial over

Increment,
for2)
mid height
n Index Cc
Thickness

burden at

p Kg/cm2
Layer No.

Influence

Pressure
o(Kg/cm
of layer

stress

(mm)
pvalue

1 1.50-3.75 0.153 0.69 0.459 0.688 0.398 55.20

15
 (F) Total Settlement (Sf): -
Total settlement = 55.20 mm
After applying correction factor for rigidity = 0.80
Correction factor for depth = 1.0
Final Settlement = 44.13 mm
The settlement is less than the permitted value as per IS: 1904-
1986.
Therefore, Allowable Bearing capacity = 8.41 T/m2
8.4 ISOLATED FOOTING

Taking Depth of Footing = 1.50 meter

Width of footing = 1.50 meter
Assumed Bearing pressure = 1.082 Kg/cm2
Thickness of compressible layer Ht = 1.50 m-3.75 m
Initial overburden at footing level = 0.263 Kg/cm2
(G) CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENT (Sc):
Void Ratioe0
Compressio
of layer (m)

Settlement
Initial over

Increment,
for2)
mid height
n Index Cc
Thickness

burden at

p Kg/cm2
Layer No.

Influence

Pressure
o(Kg/cm
of layer

stress

(mm)
pvalue

1 1.50-3.75 0.153 0.69 0.459 0.688 0.563 70.80

(H) Total Settlement (Sf): -

Total settlement = 70.80 mm

After applying correction factor for rigidity = 0.80

Correction factor for depth = 0.73

Final Settlement = 41.35 mm

The settlement is less than the permitted value as per IS: 1904-

1986.

Therefore, Allowable Bearing capacity = 10.82 T/m2

16
RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION:

PROJECT-Proposed Construction of Atal Residential College at

Vill-Kota Pergana-Agori Tehsil- Robertsganj District-

Sonebhadra (U.P.)

(1) The strata in the effective zone below footing level are

comprised of cohesive soil.

(2) The water table was not met up to 3.0 m depth below existing

ground level at the time of sub-soil exploration.

(3) The recommended value of allowable bearing capacity below

existing ground level is tabulated below.

Depth of Type of Width / size Safe Bearing

Foundation of Footing Capacity
Footing
( in m) ( in m) Kg/Cm2 T/m2
Strip Footing 0.830 8.30
1.20 1.20
Isolated Footing 1.023 10.23

Strip Footing 0.841 8.41

1.50 1.50
Isolated Footing 1.082 10.82

(4) Harmful salts are present with in permissible limits.

17
 HARMFUL SALTS IN SOIL
PROJECT- Proposed Construction of Atal Residential College at

Vill-Kota Pergana-Agori Tehsil- Robertsganj District-

Sonebhadra (U.P.).

B.H. Depth in Sulphate Carbonates Chlorides Bicarbonates

No. (meter) (%) (%) (%) (%)

1 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0654

2 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0757

3 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0721

4 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0639

5 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0733

6 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0598

7 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0627

8 0.0-1.00 0.0-1.00 0.00 0.00 0.0714

18