① Complete the text using Simple Present, Present Perfect, Simple Past or Passive

voice of the verbs in brackets.

① London has been the royal capital of England since 1066, when William the Conqueror began a
tradition of holding coronations in Westminster Abbey. Since then, successive kings and queens have left
/ have been leaving their mark on London, and many of the places described in this guide have royal
associations: Henry VIII hunted at Richmond, Charles I was executed on Whitehall, and the young Queen
Victoria rode on Queensway. Royalty is also celebrated in many of London’s traditional ceremonies.
Much of London’s rich inheritance of tradition and ceremony centres on royalty. Faithfully enacted today,
some of these ceremonies date back to the Middle Ages, when the ruling monarch had absolute power
and had to be protected from opponents.
The Ceremony of the Keys at the Tower of London is one of the capital’s most timeless ceremonies. After
each of the Tower gates has been locked, the last salute is given by a trumpeter before the keys are
secured in the Queen’s House.
Every May 21, King Henry VI, who was murdered in the Tower of London in 1471, is still remembered by
the members of his two famous foundations -Eton College and King’s College- who meet for a ceremony
at the Wakefield Tower where he was killed. Nowadays, the principal sources of London’s rich calendar
of ceremonial events are provided by royalty and commerce.